Effect of local wound infiltration with ropivacaine on postoperative pain relief and stress response reduction after open hepatectomy

AIM To prospectively evaluate the effect of local wound infiltration with ropivacaine on postoperative pain relief and stress response reduction after open hepatectomy.METHODS A total of 56 patients undergoing open hepatectomy were randomly divided into two groups:a ropivacaine group(wound infiltration with ropivacaine solution)and a control group(infiltration with isotonic saline solution).A visual analog scale(VAS)at rest and on movement was used to measure postoperative pain for the first 48 h after surgery.Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),time to bowel recovery,length of hospitalization after surgery,cumulative sufentanil consumption,and incidence of nausea and vomiting were compared between the two groups.Surgical stress hormones(epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cortisol)were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the results were compared. RESULTS VAS scores both at rest and on movement at 24 h and48 h were similar between the two groups.Significantly lower VAS scores were detected at 0,6,and 12 h in the ropivacaine group compared with the control group(P<0.05 for all).MAP was significantly lower at 6,12,and 24 h(P<0.05 for all);HR was significantly lower at 0,6,12,and 24 h(P<0.05 for all);time to bowel recovery and length of hospitalization after surgery(P<0.05 for both)were significantly shortened;and cumulative sufentanil consumption was significantly lower at 6,12,24,and 36 h(P<0.05 for all)in the ropivacaine group than in the control group,although the incidence of nausea and vomiting showed no significant difference between the two groups.The levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cortisol were significantly lower in the ropivacaine group than in the control group at 24 and 48 h(P<0.01 for all). CONCLUSION Local wound infiltration with ropivacaine after open hepatectomy can improve postoperative pain relief,reduce surgical stress response,and accelerate postoperative recovery.

Overlay of a sponge soaked with ropivacaine and multisite infiltration analgesia result in faster recovery after laparoscopic hepatectomy

BACKGROUND Compared with traditional open surgery,laparoscopic surgery is preferred due to the advantages of less trauma,less pain,and faster recovery.Nevertheless,many patients still suffer from postoperative pain resulting from the surgical incision and associated tissue injury.Many researchers have reported methods to improve postoperative pain control,but there is not a simple and effective method that can be clinically adopted in a widespread manner.We designed this study to prove the hypothesis that application of ropivacaine in the port site and operative site in patients is an effective and convenient method which can decrease postoperative pain and accelerate recovery.AIM To evaluate the effects of ropivacaine on pain control after laparoscopic hepatectomy and its contribution to patient recovery.METHODS From May 2017 to November 2018,146 patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy were randomized to receive infiltration of either 7.5 mg/mL ropivacaine around the trocar insertions,incision,and cutting surface of the liver(with a gelatin sponge soaked with ropivacaine)at the end of surgery(ropivacaine group),or normal saline(5 mL)at the same sites at the end of surgery(control group).The degree of pain,nausea,vomiting,heart rate(HR),and blood pressure were collected.The length of postoperative hospitalization,complications,and the levels of stress hormones were also compared between the two groups.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the ropivacaine group showed reduced postoperative pain at rest within 12 h(P<0.05),and pain on movement was reduced within 48 h.The levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cortisol at 24 and 48 h,HR,blood pressure,and cumulative sufentanil consumption in the ropivacaine group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).In the ropivacaine group,hospitalization after operation was shorter,but the difference was not statistically significant.There were no significant differences in postoperative nausea,vomiting,or other complications,including hydrothorax,ascites,peritonitis,flatulence,and venous thrombus(P>0.05),although fewer patients in the ropivacaine group experienced these situations.CONCLUSION Infiltration with ropivacaine in the abdominal wound and covering the cutting surface of the liver with a gelatin sponge soaked with ropivacaine significantly reduce postoperative pain and the consumption of sufentanil.

Enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid

Periodontitis is a type of chronic inflammation in the gingival tissue caused by infectious bacteria colonizing the surface of the teeth,leading to the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues and loss of alveolar bone.Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid(SAHA),a class of histone deacetylase(HDAC)inhibitor,has the potential to stimulate osteoblast differentiation by acetylating histone proteins,and thus suppressing the expression of adipogenic and chondrogenic genes.However,the effect of SAHA on the differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells(hPDLSCs)is yet to be elucidated.Herein,we investigated the effects of SAHA on in vitro proliferation and differentiation of hPDLSCs by MTT assay,Alizarin Red-S,and alkaline phosphatase staining,and real-time PCR.Notably,300 ng/mL SAHA treatment enhanced the proliferation and mineralization of hPDLSCs,indicating their osteogenic potential.Moreover,a significant enhancement of osteogenesis gene markers and proteins was observed.We also demonstrated that ERK is a positive regulator of Runx2 transcription factors during osteoblast differentiation.These results indicate that SAHA may be a useful osteogenic induction agent for periodontal bone regeneration.

A Bulk‑Heterostructure Nanocomposite Electrolyte of Ce_(0.8)Sm_(0.2)O_(2‑δ)-SrTiO_(3) for Low‑Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Since colossal ionic conductivity was detected in the planar heterostructures consisting of fluorite and perovskite,heterostructures have drawn great research interest as potential electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs).However,so far,the practical uses of such promising material have failed to materialize in SOFCs due to the short circuit risk caused by SrTiO3.In this study,a series of fluorite/perovskite heterostructures made of Sm-doped CeO2 and SrTiO3(SDC–STO)are developed in a new bulk-heterostructure form and evaluated as electrolytes.The prepared cells exhibit a peak power density of 892 mW cm−2 along with open circuit voltage of 1.1 V at 550°C for the optimal composition of 4SDC–6STO.Further electrical studies reveal a high ionic conductivity of 0.05–0.14 S cm^−1 at 450–550°C,which shows remarkable enhancement compared to that of simplex SDC.Via AC impedance analysis,it has been shown that the small grain-boundary and electrode polarization resistances play the major roles in resulting in the superior performance.Furthermore,a Schottky junction effect is proposed by considering the work functions and electronic affinities to interpret the avoidance of short circuit in the SDC–STO cell.Our findings thus indicate a new insight to design electrolytes for low-temperature SOFCs.

What is Discussed about COVID-19:A Multi-Modal Framework for Analyzing Microblogs from Sina Weibo without Human Labeling

Starting from late 2019,the new coronavirus disease(COVID-19)has become a global crisis.With the development of online social media,people prefer to express their opinions and discuss the latest news online.We have witnessed the positive influence of online social media,which helped citizens and governments track the development of this pandemic in time.It is necessary to apply artificial intelligence(AI)techniques to online social media and automatically discover and track public opinions posted online.In this paper,we take Sina Weibo,the most widely used online social media in China,for analysis and experiments.We collect multi-modal microblogs about COVID-19 from 2020/1/1 to 2020/3/31 with a web crawler,including texts and images posted by users.In order to effectively discover what is being discussed about COVID-19 without human labeling,we propose a unified multi-modal framework,including an unsupervised short-text topic model to discover and track bursty topics,and a self-supervised model to learn image features so that we can retrieve related images about COVID-19.Experimental results have shown the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed models,and also have shown the considerable application prospects for analyzing and tracking public opinions about COVID-19.

Solitary hyoid plasmacytoma with unicentric Castleman disease:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Solitary plasmacytoma and unicentric Castleman disease(UCD)are rare lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by monoclonal plasma cells and a single set of locally enlarged lymph nodes,respectively.CASE SUMMARY A 48-year-old Han Chinese man presented to our department with a neck mass and progressive foreign body sensation in his throat.18F-FDG positron emission tomography revealed focally increased radioactivity centered around the hyoid,and computed tomography(CT)revealed osteolytic lesions.Histopathology revealed Castleman-like features and CD138/CD38-positive mature plasma cells.Systemic work-up ruled out the possibility of POEMS syndrome,lymphoma,and multiple myeloma,leading to a final diagnosis of solitary hyoid plasmacytoma with UCD.The patient underwent partial hyoid resection and selective neck dissection,followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy.99mTc-MDP singlephoton emission computed tomography/CT reevaluation showed neither local recurrence nor distant bone metastasis at the 40-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION The diagnostic process and differential diagnosis of this rare case provided valuable educational information to clinicians.

Diffuse reduction of spleen density is a novel prognostic marker for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection

BACKGROUND Diffuse reduction of spleen density(DROSD)is related to cancer prognosis;however,its role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)remains unclear.AIM To assess the predictive value of DROSD in the prognosis of ICC after curative resection.METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study,we enrolled patients with ICC who underwent curative hepatectomy between 2012 and 2019.Preoperative spleen density was measured using computed tomography.Overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS)rates were calculated and compared utilizing the Kaplan-Meier method.Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses were applied to identify independent factors for OS and RFS.A nomogram was created with independent risk factors to predict prognosis of patients with ICC.RESULTS One hundred and sixty-seven ICC patients were enrolled.Based on the diagnostic cut-off values(spleen density≤45.5 Hounsfield units),55(32.9%)patients had DROSD.Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with DROSD had worse OS and RFS than those without DROSD(P<0.05).Cox regression analysis revealed that DROSD,carcinoembryonic antigen level,carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level,length of hospital stay,lymph node metastasis,and postoperative complications were independent predictors for OS(P<0.05).The nomogram created with these factors was able to predict the prognosis of patients with ICC with good reliability(OS C-index=0.733).The area under the curve for OS was 0.79.CONCLUSION ICC patients with DROSD have worse OS and RFS.The nomogram is a simple and practical method to identify high-risk ICC patients with poor prognosis.

The Observation of Blood Biochemistry and HSP72 Expression Changing Rules in Peripheral Blood of Flying-saucer-athletes under High Temperature Training

Objective:To study the effect of training under high temperature on blood and heat shock protein 72(HSP72)expression of flying saucer athletes.Methods:The numbers of training group and control group are 30.Twenty-four flying saucer athletes in Zhejiang province were selected and randomly divided into training group and control group,15 in each group.Peripheral venous blood of each group was taken before and after the experiment.The HSP72 content of lymphocyte,blood routine and biochemical indexes were measured respectively.Results:There was significant difference in white blood cell in training group count before and after the experiment(P<0.05).The expression of HSP72 and the white blood cell in training group was higher than that control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Organism could be affected and turned to stress state due to training under high temperature.It is necessary to provide the safeguard for the flying saucer athletes under high temperature in order to prevent the damage.

Understanding of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine on Swimming Shoulder

Swimming shoulder refers to shoulder pain syndrome which is caused by repeated impinges on shoulder joints among swimmers.It is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain among swimmers with high incidence.Swimming shoulder can affect the systematization of swimmers’training and the improvement of their training level and performance,which is a difficult problem for many swimmers,coaches,medical staff and sports medical doctors.Therefore,attention should be paid to the treatment of swimming shoulder in daily diagnosis and treatment.

Effects of Supplemented Shengmai San (SMS) on Blood Biochemistry and HSP72 Expression in Peripheral Blood of Flying-saucer Athletes before and after High Temperature Training

Objective:The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of supplemented Shengmai San on the expression of heat shock protein 72(HSP72)and blood biochemistry in peripheral blood of flying-saucer athletes before and after high temperature training,so as to provide experimental basis for enhancing thermal endurance and preventing heat disease of flying-saucer athletes with anti-heat disease drugs.Methods:24 flying-saucer athletes from Zhejiang province were selected and divided into two groups,including control group and traditional Chinese medicine group with 12 people in each group.Among them,those who did not drink supplemented Shengmai San were in the control group,while those who drank it were in the traditional Chinese medicine group.During summer training,high temperature training task was carried out for 2 weeks.Flying-saucer athletes in traditional Chinese medicine group were given supplemented Shengmai San before training every morning and afternoon.Peripheral venous blood of each group was extracted before experiment and 2 weeks later and lymphocyte HSP72 content,blood routine and biochemical indexes were determined respectively.Results:Before the experiment,there were no abnormal phenomenon blood routine,biochemical test value and HSP72 expression in the control group and the traditional Chinese medicine group.After comparison,there was no significant difference(P>0.05).After the high temperature training,the expression of HSP72 in the Chinese medicine group was significantly higher than that before the training and control group(P<0.05).There were significant differences in white blood cell count before and after the experiment(P<0.05).Conclusion:Taking supplemented Shengmai San can significantly increase expression of HSP72 in up-regulation of flying saucer athletes after thermal stimulation,thus enhancing thermal tolerance and preventing thermal diseases.

LRP1B suppresses HCC progression through the NCSTN/PI3K/AKT signaling axis and affects doxorubicin resistance

Accumulating evidence supports the association of somatic mutations with tumor occurrence and development.We aimed to identify somatic mutations with important implications in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and explore their possible mechanisms.The gene mutation profiles of HCC patients were assessed,and the tumor mutation burden was calculated.Gene mutations closely associated with tumor mutation burden and patient overall survival were identified.In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to verify the effects of putative genes on proliferation,invasion,drug resistance,and other malignant biological behaviors of tumor cells.Fourteen genes with a high mutation frequency were identified.The mutation status of 12 of these genes was closely related to the mutation burden.Among these 12 genes,LRP1B mutation was closely associated with patient prognosis.Nine genes were associated with immune cell infiltration.The results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the knockdown of LRP1B promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration and enhances the resistance of tumor cells to liposomal doxorubicin.LRP1B could directly bind to NCSTN and affect its protein expression level,thereby regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.Our mutational analysis revealed complex and orchestrated liposomal alterations linked to doxorubicin resistance that may also render cancers less susceptible to immunotherapy and also provides new treatment alternatives.

农田节肢动物不同取样方法的综合比较

农田节肢动物多样性具有病虫害控制、传粉等价值,选择一种或多种适宜、准确且高效的取样方法和指示类群来衡量农田节肢动物多样性是一项基础性工作。本文通过地表陷阱法、挂盆陷阱法、扫网法、目测计数法和吸虫器法在有机管理和常规管理农田区的不同农业生境类型中取样,比较不同方法对不同生物类群的捕获效率、经济成本、响应敏感性等。研究发现在捕获效率方面,地陷法和挂盆法最高,其次是扫网法,而吸虫器法和目测计数法较差。挂盆法对步甲、蜘蛛、蜂类和瓢虫类群的捕获效率较佳。陷阱法主要适用于蜘蛛和步甲的取样,扫网法也可用于蜘蛛和瓢虫的取样。在经济成本方面,地陷法的成本最低,扫网法的总成本最高。每种取样方法下仅有个别类群个体数量具有较好的响应敏感性,如地陷法的蜘蛛目个体数和步甲科个体数、挂盆法的总个体数、蜂类个体数和瓢虫科个体数、扫网法的直翅目个体数和半翅目个体数等。在此基础上,综合类群经济价值,操作难易,类群鉴定难度,被动取样程度,是否受取样人影响等比较发现:地陷法对步甲和蜘蛛的取样的综合效果最佳,而不同取样方法下多种类群的组合能更好地监测和评价农田节肢动物多样性的整体情况。地陷法捕获步甲或/和蜘蛛以及挂盆法调查蜂类的组合是基于本研究得出的调查农田节肢动物多样性的最佳组合。

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment

A nanocrystalline layer （NL） was fabricated on the surface of AZ31 magnesium （Mg） alloy sheet by surface mechanical attrition treatment （SMAT）. The microstructure of the Mg alloy was characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and microhardness test. The results showed that both the microstructure and microhardness of AZ31 Mg alloy sheet after SMAT revealed a gradient distribution along depth from surface to center. The thermal stability of the NL was investigated through characterizing the microstructure evolution during the post-isothermal annealing treatment within the temperature range from 150 to 250℃. The NL exhibits a certain degree of thermal stability below 150 ℃, while it disappears quickly when annealing at the temperature range of 200-250 ℃. The grain growth kinetics of the nanocrystalline of AZ31 Mg alloy induced by SMAT was investigated. The activation energy of nanocrystalline AZ31 Mg alloy was obtained with a value of 92.8 kJ/mol.

Effect of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment on Tribological Behavior of the AZ31 Alloy

By surface mechanical attrition treatment（SMAT）,a gradient nano structure（GNS） from the surface to center was generated in the AZ31 alloy sheet.The tribological behavior of AZ31 alloy with GNS was systematically investigated by using dry sliding tests,a 3D surface profile-meter and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer.The experimental results indicate that the Mg alloy with GNS exhibits better wear resistance comparing to the as-received sample,which is associated to the alteration of wear mechanism at different sliding speeds.The Mg alloy with GNS presents the wear mechanism of the abrasive wear at 0.05 m/s and the oxidative wear at 0.5 m/s,respectively.Moreover,the GNS can effectively promote the reaction between the oxygen and worn surface,which leads to a compact oxidation layer at 0.5 m/s.The effect of oxidation layer on the wear resistance of the Mg alloy was also discussed.

Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of a SMATed Mg Alloy under In Situ SEM Tensile Testing

Surface mechanical attrition treatment（SMAT） has been recently applied to bulk polycrystalline magnesium（Mg） alloys with gradient grain size distribution from the impact surface to inside matrix, hence effectively improving the alloys＇ mechanical performances. However, in-depth understanding of their mechanical property enhancement and grain size-dependent fracture mechanism remains unclear. Here,we demonstrated the use of in situ micro-tensile testing inside a high resolution scanning electron microscope（SEM） to characterize the microstructure evolution, in real time, of SMATed Mg alloy AZ31 samples with different grain sizes of ~10 μm（＇coarse-grain sample＇） and ~5 μm（＇fine-grain sample＇）, respectively, and compared the results with those of a raw Mg alloy AZ31. The quantitative tensile tests with in situ SEM imaging clearly showed that fracture of ‘fine-grain sample＇ was dominated by intergranular cracks,while both trans-granular and intergranular cracks led to the final failure of the ‘coarse-grain samples＇.It is expected that this in situ SEM characterization technique, coupled with quantitative tensile testing method, could be applicable for studying other grain-refined metals/alloys, allowing to optimize their mechanical performances by controlling the grain sizes and their gradient distribution.