Construction and Application of a Regional Kilometer-Scale Carbon Source and Sink Assimilation Inversion System(CCMVS-R)

CO_(2)is one of the most important greenhouse gases(GHGs)in the earth’s atmosphere.Since the industrial era,anthropogenic activities have emitted excessive quantities of GHGs into the atmosphere,resulting in climate warming since the 1950s and leading to an increased frequency of extreme weather and climate events.In 2020,China committed to striving for carbon neutrality by 2060.This commitment and China’s consequent actions will result in significant changes in global and regional anthropogenic carbon emissions and therefore require timely,comprehensive,and objective monitoring and verification support(MVS)systems.The MVS approach relies on the top-down assimilation and inversion of atmospheric CO_(2)concentrations,as recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Inventory Guidelines in 2019.However,the regional high-resolution assimilation and inversion method is still in its initial stage of development.Here,we have constructed an inverse system for carbon sources and sinks at the kilometer level by coupling proper orthogonal decomposition(POD)with four-dimensional variational(4DVar)data assimilation based on the weather research and forecasting-greenhouse gas(WRF-GHG)model.Our China Carbon Monito ring and Verification Support at the Regional level(CCMVS-R)system can continuously assimilate information on atmospheric CO_(2)and other related information and realize the inversion of regional and local anthropogenic carbon emissions and natural terrestrial ecosystem carbon exchange.Atmospheric CO_(2)data were collected from six ground-based monito ring sites in Shanxi Province,China to verify the inversion effect of regio nal anthropogenic carbon emissions by setting ideal and real experiments using a two-layer nesting method(at 27 and 9 km).The uncertainty of the simulated atmospheric CO_(2)decreased significantly,with a root-mean-square error of CO_(2)concentration values between the ideal value and the simulated after assimilation was close to 0.The total anthropogenic carbon emissions in Shanxi Province in 2019 from the assimilated inversions were approximately 28.6%(17%-38%)higher than the mean of five emission inventories using the bottomup method,showing that the top-down CCMVS-R system can obtain more comprehensive information on anthropogenic carbon emissions.

Supplementation with yak (Bos grunniens) bone collagen hydrolysate altered the structure of gut microbiota and elevated short-chain fatty acid production in mice

In this study, yak bone collagen hydrolysate(YBCH)was produced by mixed proteases and provided to standard-diet mice at a different dose(low dose(LD), medium dose(MD), and high dose(HD))to investigate its effects on the composition of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids(SCFA)production. It was found that YBCH was mainly composed of small molecular peptides whose molecular weight below 2 000 Da. Notably, supplementation with different doses of YBCH could significantly downregulate the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in the fecal microbiota. At the family level, the Lachnospiraceae abundance was significantly reduced in the YBCH gavage groups(mean reduction ratio 41.7 %, 35.2%, and 36.4% for LD, MD, and HD group, respectively). The predicted functions of gut microbes in the MD group were significantly increased at “lipid metabolism” and “glycan biosynthesis and metabolism”. Moreover, the SCFA production in the YBCH groups was elevated. Especially, the concentration of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid in the MD group was separately increased 79.7%, 89.2%, and 78.8% than that in the NC group. These results indicated that YBCH might be applied in the development of functional food for intestinal microecological regulation.

一种提高镁合金零部件抗火焰蔓延性的尺寸设计类判据

基于能量守恒定律提出了一种用于预测棒状镁合金样品火焰蔓延时间的判据,该判据表明火焰蔓延时间主要受合金材料和样品尺寸影响。控制体的初始温度和起燃温度以及样品的S/l_c比值(样品横截面面积/横截面周长)是火焰蔓延时间的决定性因素。火焰蔓延时间正比于ΔH(将单位质量的样品从初始温度加热到起燃温度所需的能量)和S/l_c比值,这在Mg-8.5Al-0.5Zn-0.2Mn、Mg-2.7Nd-0.4Zn-0.6Zr和Mg-4.0Y-3.3Nd-0.5Zr镁合金中得到验证。对于尺寸相同的样品,Mg-8.5Al-0.5Zn-0.2Mn合金样品有着最大的ΔH以及最长的火焰蔓延时间;对于材质、长度和横截面面积相同的样品,圆形横截面样品的S/lc比值最大,其抗火焰蔓延性能也最佳。

具有贯穿结构的铜/铝复合材料的强化及热导率

为了在提高铝合金强度的同时避免降低其热导率,设计了一种具有单向贯穿结构的新型铜/铝双金属复合材料,并采用增材制造结合挤压铸造的工艺实现制备成形。该复合材料表现出较好的强度(约340 MPa)和热导率(200 W/(m·K))匹配性,综合性能超过传统铝合金。这种良好的导热性能归因于单向贯穿的Cu骨架增强体结构能够为电子传导提供快速通道。同时,界面处生成Al2Cu共晶相,实现良好的界面冶金结合,有效改善复合材料的力学性能。

NLRP3/1-mediated pyroptosis:beneficial clues for the development of novel therapies for Alzheimer’s disease

The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex involved in innate immunity that mediates the inflammatory response leading to pyroptosis,which is a lytic,inflammatory form of cell death.There is accumulating evidence that nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)inflammasome-mediated microglial pyroptosis and NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated neuronal pyroptosis in the brain are closely associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease.In this review,we summarize the possible pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer’s disease,focusing on neuroinflammation.We also describe the structures of NLRP3 and NLRP1 and the role their activation plays in Alzheimer’s disease.Finally,we examine the neuroprotective activity of small-molecule inhibitors,endogenous inhibitor proteins,microRNAs,and natural bioactive molecules that target NLRP3 and NLRP1,based on the rationale that inhibiting NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis can be an effective therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease.

Cooperative User-Scheduling and Resource Allocation Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Enhanced LEO Satellite Communication

Lower Earth Orbit(LEO) satellite becomes an important part of complementing terrestrial communication due to its lower orbital altitude and smaller propagation delay than Geostationary satellite. However, the LEO satellite communication system cannot meet the requirements of users when the satellite-terrestrial link is blocked by obstacles. To solve this problem, we introduce Intelligent reflect surface(IRS) for improving the achievable rate of terrestrial users in LEO satellite communication. We investigated joint IRS scheduling, user scheduling, power and bandwidth allocation(JIRPB) optimization algorithm for improving LEO satellite system throughput.The optimization problem of joint user scheduling and resource allocation is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem. To cope with this problem, the nonconvex optimization problem is divided into resource allocation optimization sub-problem and scheduling optimization sub-problem firstly. Second, we optimize the resource allocation sub-problem via alternating direction multiplier method(ADMM) and scheduling sub-problem via Lagrangian dual method repeatedly.Third, we prove that the proposed resource allocation algorithm based ADMM approaches sublinear convergence theoretically. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed JIRPB optimization algorithm improves the LEO satellite communication system throughput.

Stratification of portal vein-invaded hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transarterial chemoembolization monotherapy

Purpose:The study aimed to establish a prognostic prediction model and an artificial neural network(ANN)model to determine who will benefit from transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)monotherapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)invading portal vein.Methods:Treatment-naive patients with HCC and portal vein invasion who were treated with TACE monotherapy at hospital A as training cohort and hospital B as validation cohort were included.The primary endpoint was overall survival(OS).In training cohort,independent risk factors associated with OS were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis.The prognostic prediction(PP)and ANN models based on the independent risk factors were established to find out who will benefit most from TACE monotherapy.The type of portal vein tumor thrombosis was classified based on the Cheng’s Classification.The accuracy of the models was validated in validation cohort.Results:Totally,242 patients(training cohort:n=159;validation cohort:n=83)were included.The median OS was 7.1 and 8.5 months in training and validation cohort,respectively.In training cohort,the PP model was established based on the following five independent risk factors:Cheng’s Classification,Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score,maximum tumor size,number of HCC nodules,and Child-Pugh stage.PP score of 17.5 was identified as cut-off point and patients were divided into two groups by PP score<17.5 and>17.5 in survival benefit and prognostication(8.8 vs.5.5 months;P<0.001).These five factors were included and ranked based on the importance associated with OS in the ANN model.Both of the two models received high accuracy after validation.Conclusions:Portal vein invaded HCC patients with PP score<17.5 may benefit most from TACE monotherapy.For these patients,TACE monotherapy should be considered.

Platelet-derived growth factor signaling in human malignancies

Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors were identified and purified decades ago. PDGFs are important during normal development and in human cancers. In particular, autocrine PDGF signaling has been implicated in various types of malignancies such as gliomas and leukemia. In contrast, paracrine signaling was found in cancers that originate from epithelial cells, where it may be involved in stromal cell recruitment, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. This editorial briefly discusses autocrine and paracrine PDGF signaling and their roles in human cancers, and introduces a series of review articles in this issue that address the possible roles of PDGFs in various processes involved in different types of cancers.

Uterine artery embolization in association with methotrexate infusion for the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy

Objective To investigate the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of uterine artery embolization in association with methotrexate(MTX) infusion for the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy. Methods Fifty-one patients with tubal ectopic pregnancy were referred for interventional management. All patients received super-selective arteriography of the uterine artery, were infused with 50–100 mg methotrexate(MTX) through a catheter, and underwent embolization of the uterine artery with a gel-foam pledge. Clinical presentation, findings of physical examination, β-HCG values, and the size of the ectopic mass were documented for comparison. The concentration of MTX in blood was evaluated at 0.5, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours after the procedure. Results Forty-seven out of the 51 patients had clinical resolution of their tubal pregnancy(92.2%). The average time for the β-HCG value to decrease and come back to normal was 9.16 ± 2.54 days(mean +/-SD). MTX levels in peripheral blood could not be detected for patients who received 50 or 75 mg MTX at 36 hours after the procedure, while the MTX level was 0.01 μmol/L at 48 hours after the procedure for patients who received 100 mg. Out of the 4 cases whose ectopic mass size was ≥5 cm, 3 failed to respond to the treatment; however, those whose ectopic mass size was ≤5 cm responded positively to the treatment, regardless of the β-HCG concentration and abdominal bleeding, except for 1 patient who had to undergo laparoscopy for severe abdominal pain and who showed a reduction in her β-HCG level. Conclusion Uterine artery embolization in association with methotrexate infusion is safe and effective in the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy, especially for those women with mild to moderate bleeding, or for those at risk of a major hemorrhage. The selection criterion of mass size >5 cm should, therefore, be carefully considered.

Analysis of the Effect of Optical Properties of Black Carbon on Ozone in an Urban Environment at the Yangtze River Delta,China

Black carbon(BC)reduces the photolysis coefficient by absorbing solar radiation,thereby affecting the concentration of ozone(O_(3))near the ground.The influence of BC on O_(3)has thus received much attention.In this study,Mie scattering and the tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible radiation model are used to analyze the effect of BC optical properties on radiation.Combined with data of O_(3)precursors in Nanjing in 2014,an EKMA curve is drawn,and the variations in O_(3)concentration are further investigated using a zero-dimensional box mechanism model(NCAR MM).When O_(3)precursors are unchanged,radiation and O_(3)show a highly similar tendency in response to changing BC optical properties(R=0.997).With the increase of modal radius,the attenuation of fresh BC to radiation and O_(3)first trends upward before decreasing.In the mixing process,the attenuation of BC to radiation and O_(3)presents an upward tendency with the increase of relative humidity but decreases rapidly before increasing slowly with increasing thickness of coating.In addition,mass concentration is another major factor.When the BC to PM_(2.5)ratio increases to 5%in Nanjing,the radiation decreases by approximately 0.13%-3.71%while O_(3)decreases by approximately 8.13%-13.11%.The radiative effect of BC not only reduces O_(3)concentration but also changes the EKMA curve.Compared with the NO_(x)control area,radiation has a significant influence on the VOCs control area.When aerosol optical depth(AOD)increases by 17.15%,the NO_(x)to VOCs ratio decreases by 8.27%,and part of the original NO_(x)control area is transferred to the VOCs control area.

Scapular bone grafting with allograft pin fixation for repair of bony Bankart lesions: A biomechanical study

BACKGROUND Severe bony Bankart lesions are a difficult challenge in clinical treatment and research.The current treatment methods consist mostly of Latarjet-Bristow surgery and its modified procedures.While good results have been achieved,there are also complications such as coracoid fracture,bone graft displacement,and vascular and nerve injury.AIM To analyze the techniques and biomechanical properties of transversely fixing a bone block from the scapular spine using bone allograft pins with suture threads to repair bony Bankart lesions.METHODS Fresh human shoulder joint specimens and a cadaver specimen model for scapular bone grafting with allograft pin fixation for repair of bony Bankart lesions were used.When the humeral rotation angles were 0°,30°,60°and 90°,and the axial loads were 30 N,40 N,and 50 N,the humerus displacement was studied by biomechanical experiments.RESULTS When the angle of external rotation of the humerus was 0°,30°,60°,and 90°,with axial loads of 30 N,40 N,and 50 N,the data of the normal control group,allograft pin repair group,and titanium alloy hollow screw repair group were compared with each other by the q-test,which showed that there were no statistically differences among the three groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION The joints repaired with bone block from the scapular spine transversely fixed with allograft bony pins to repair bony Bankart lesions show good mechanical stability.The bone block has similar properties to normal glenohumeral joints in terms of biomechanical stability.

IgA1 from HSP Patients Trigger Apoptosis and Inhibit Cytoskeletal Proteins in HUVEC

Background: Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a kind of systemic small vessel vasculitis in children. Endothelium cells injury induced by IgA1 is considered important in the pathogenesis of HSP. Research found that the apoptosis of vein endothelial cells was related to the vasculitis in HSP patients. Purpose: To observe the effect of IgA1 from HSP patients on the apoptosis of HUVEC and firstly analyze the mechanism of the apoptosis of HUVEC induced by IgA1. Methods: HUVECs were cultured in 3 different conditional media with IgA1 from HSP patients, normal healthy children and simply medium (blank control). Serum IgA1 was purified by jacalin affinity chromatography. The rates of apoptosis in HUVEC incubated with IgA1 were determined by TUNEL method and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of the cytoskeletal proteins, such as FAK, Vinculin and MLCK was detected with the methods of Real-time PCR and Westernblot, respectively. Results: The present study showed that the apoptosis rate of HUVEC by IgA1 isolated from HSP patients was higher than blank control (14.77% ± 2.23% vs 2.25% ± 0.77%) (P < 0.01) and the rate of HUVEC by IgA1 from normal healthy children was higher than blank control (9.97% ± 1.48% vs 2.25% ± 0.77%) (P < 0.01). The cytoskeletal proteins, such as FAK, Vinculin and MLCK expression were down-regulated in HUVEC co-cultured with IgA1 isolated from HSP patients for 24h. Conclusion: These findings firstly on IgA1 from HSP patients may induce apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells through inhibiting the cytoskeletal proteins expression. IgA1 may accelerate progression of HSP by inducing apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells.

铸造Cu−La−Zn合金的强化及导热行为

开发一种适合于压铸的高导热Cu−La−Zn合金,该合金的导热系数高达200~300 W/(m·K),约为普通黄铜的两倍。分别定量研究铸态二元Cu−La(2.0%~4.5%La,质量分数)和三元Cu−2La−xZn(0~3.0%Zn,质量分数)合金中Cu6La金属间化合物和Zn固溶原子对强化和导热行为的影响。结果表明:每增加1%(质量分数)的La或Zn,合金导热系数下降约34 W/(m·K)。Cu−2La−xZn合金中α-Cu基体的晶格常数随Zn固溶原子的增加由3.6163Å增加到3.6239Å;在Zn原子的固溶强化作用下,α-Cu基体的硬度由1.495 GPa呈抛物线增加至1.597 GPa。根据基于显微组织的Maxwell−Eucken模型计算结果,确定Cu6La的导热系数约为35.37 W/(m·K);而每增加1%Zn(摩尔分数)的固溶原子,α-Cu基体的导热系数下降51.38 W/(m·K)。

Interoceptive regulation of skeletal tissue homeostasis and repair

Recent studies have determined that the nervous system can sense and respond to signals from skeletal tissue,a process known as skeletal interoception,which is crucial for maintaining bone homeostasis.The hypothalamus,located in the central nervous system(CNS),plays a key role in processing interoceptive signals and regulating bone homeostasis through the autonomic nervous system,neuropeptide release,and neuroendocrine mechanisms.These mechanisms control the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts(OBs),the activation of osteoclasts(OCs),and the functional activities of bone cells.Sensory nerves extensively innervate skeletal tissues,facilitating the transmission of interoceptive signals to the CNS.This review provides a comprehensive overview of current research on the generation and coordination of skeletal interoceptive signals by the CNS to maintain bone homeostasis and their potential role in pathological conditions.The findings expand our understanding of intersystem communication in bone biology and may have implications for developing novel therapeutic strategies for bone diseases.

Effects of Ce content on the modification of Mg_(2)Si phase in Mg-5Al-2Si alloy

The effect of Ce content(0–1.6 wt.%)on the modification of Mg_(2)Si phase in the as-cast Mg-5Al-2Si alloy was investigated.The original Chinese script type Mg_(2)Si phase was refined distinctly and transformed to dispersive block shape gradually by adding Ce element.The length of Chinese script type Mg_(2)Si phase was reduced from 110 to 50μm with increasing Ce content to 1.6 wt.%.The results calculated by Pandat software indicated that the added Ce element first combined with Si to form CeSi_(2)phase,which could serve as the heterogeneous nucleation of Mg_(2)Si phase due to the small lattice mismatch of 7.97%.The modification of Mg_(2)Si phase was mainly attributed to the facts that Ce changed the growth steps of Mg_(2)Si phase and CeSi_(2)promoted the nucleation of Mg_(2)Si phase.With increasing Ce content from 0 wt.%to 1.6 wt.%,the YS,UTS and EL at 150℃were improved from 67.7 MPa,91.2 MPa and 1.6%to 84.2 MPa,128 MPa and 7.5%,respectively.

Neutralization of excessive levels of active TGF-β1 reduces MSC recruitment and differentiation to mitigate peritendinous adhesion

PPeritendinous adhesion formation(PAF)can substantially limit the range of motion of digits.However,the origin of myofibroblasts in PAF tissues is still unclear.In this study,we found that the concentration of active TGF-β1 and the numbers of macrophages,mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs),and myofibroblasts in human and mouse adhesion tissues were increased.Furthermore,knockout of TGF-β1 in macrophages or TGF-β1R2 in MSCs inhibited PAF by reducing MSC and myofibroblast infiltration and collagenⅠandⅢdeposition,respectively.Moreover,we found that MSCs differentiated into myofibroblasts to form adhesion tissues.Systemic injection of the TGF-β–neutralizing antibody 1D11 during the granulation formation stage of PAF significantly reduced the infiltration of MSCs and myofibroblasts and,subsequently,PAF.These results suggest that macrophage-derived TGF-β1 recruits MSCs to form myofibroblasts in peritendinous adhesions.An improved understanding of PAF mechanisms could help identify a potential therapeutic strategy.

A fuzzy control and neural network based rotor speed controller for maximum power point tracking in permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system

When the wind speed changes significantly in a permanent magnet synchronous wind power generation system,the maximum power point cannot be easily determined in a timely manner.This study proposes a maximum power reference signal search method based on fuzzy control,which is an improvement to the climbing search method.A neural network-based parameter regulator is proposed to address external wind speed fluctuations,where the parameters of a proportional-integral controller is adjusted to accurately monitor the maximum power point under different wind speed conditions.Finally,the effectiveness of this method is verified via Simulink simulation.

基于结构方程模型的晚期癌症患者照料者疲劳感影响因素分析

目的探究影响晚期癌症住院患者照料者疲劳感的作用机制。方法采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、照料者压力量表(CBI)及疲劳评估量表(FAI),对65例晚期癌症患者照料者进行问卷调查,运用路径分析探讨各因素影响疲劳的途径。结果本次研究对象的疲劳平均得分4.79,其中76.9%的照料者有轻度及以上疲劳。各因素对照料者疲劳感的影响符合中介模型(χ~2/df=1.283,GFI=0.916,IFI=0.972,CFI=0.971,RMSEA=0.066),焦虑对疲劳的中介效应(P<0.05),其中压力的中介贡献率为100%;抑郁对疲劳的中介效应(P<0.05),其中压力的中介贡献率为22.8%;其他共同照料者人数对疲劳的中介效应(P<0.05),其中压力的中介贡献率为27.8%。结论大部分住院癌症晚期患者照料者均有轻度及以上疲劳。照料者的焦虑完全通过压力间接影响其疲劳感;抑郁和其他共同照料者人数部分通过压力间接影响疲劳感。针对影响照料者疲劳的因素,应积极开展适当、有效的干预,以缓解其疲劳感,促进身心健康及生存质量,以便能对患者有更好照顾。

环境友好型水性膨胀防火涂料的研究

对高聚物乳液、膨胀发泡体系以及助剂等进行涂料理化性能和耐火性能试验。依据一定的配比,制备环保、耐火、理化性能优异的防火涂料中试样品;对涂层进行耐紫外线照射和耐水性老化试验,对试验后的涂层进行扫描电镜分析和耐火性能试验;对涂料的VOC释放量、甲醛含量等环保技术指标进行检验;为涂层在室外应用中的耐火性能、耐候性能随时间和气候条件而产生下降,制定相应的措施和技术工艺。

循证护理在急性心肌梗死护理中的应用效果观察及有效性分析

目的探讨观察循证护理在急性心肌梗死护理中的应用效果及有效性。方法选择78例急性心肌梗死患者,采用双盲法进行分组,设为对照组和研究组,每组39例,对照组给予常规护理,研究组给予循证护理,比较护理效果。结果与对照组比较,研究组的并发症发生率更低,差异显著(P<0.05);研究组的住院时间比对照组短,而护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死护理中,循证护理的效果显著,建议推广。