Will the Globe Encounter the Warmest Winter after the Hottest Summer in 2023?

In the boreal summer and autumn of 2023,the globe experienced an extremely hot period across both oceans and continents.The consecutive record-breaking mean surface temperature has caused many to speculate upon how the global temperature will evolve in the coming 2023/24 boreal winter.In this report,as shown in the multi-model ensemble mean(MME)prediction released by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences,a medium-to-strong eastern Pacific El Niño event will reach its mature phase in the following 2−3 months,which tends to excite an anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific and the Pacific-North American teleconnection,thus serving to modulate the winter climate in East Asia and North America.Despite some uncertainty due to unpredictable internal atmospheric variability,the global mean surface temperature(GMST)in the 2023/24 winter will likely be the warmest in recorded history as a consequence of both the El Niño event and the long-term global warming trend.Specifically,the middle and low latitudes of Eurasia are expected to experience an anomalously warm winter,and the surface air temperature anomaly in China will likely exceed 2.4 standard deviations above climatology and subsequently be recorded as the warmest winter since 1991.Moreover,the necessary early warnings are still reliable in the timely updated mediumterm numerical weather forecasts and sub-seasonal-to-seasonal prediction.

Effects of friction stir processing and nano-hydroxyapatite on the microstructure,hardness,degradation rate and in-vitro bioactivity of WE43 alloy for biomedical applications

Nowadays,magnesium alloys are emerging in biomedical implants for their similar properties to natural bones.However,the rapid degradation of magnesium alloys in biological media hinders successful implantation.Refinement of microstructure,as well as reinforcement particles can significantly improve the degradation rate.In this work,multi-pass friction stir processing(FSP)was proposed to synthesize WE43/nano-hydroxyapatite(n HA)surface composite,the microstructure,reinforced particle distribution,micro-hardness,corrosion behavior and in-vitro bioactivity were studied.The subsequent FSP passes of WE43 alloy and WE43/n HA composite refined the grain size which was reduced by 94.29%and 95.92%(2.63 and 1.88μm,respectively)compared to base metal after three passes.This resulted in increasing the microhardness by 120%(90.86 HV0.1)and 135%(105.59 HV0.1)for the WE43 and WE43-n HA,respectively.It is found that increasing FSP passes improved the uniform distribution of n HA particles within the composite matrix which led to improved corrosion resistance and less degradation rate.The corrosion rate of the FSPed WE43/n HA composite after three passes was reduced by 38.2%(4.13 mm/year)and the degradation rate was reduced by 69.7%(2.87 mm/y).This is attributed to secondary phase(Mg24Y5and Mg41Nd5)particle fragmentation and redistribution,as well as a homogeneous distribution of n HA.Additionally,the growing Ca-P and Mg(OH)2layer formed on the surface represented a protective layer that reduced the degradation rate.The wettability test revealed a relatively hydrophilic surface with water contact angle of 49.1±2.2°compared to 71.2±2.1°for base metal.Also,biomineralization test showed that apatite layer grew after immersion 7d in simulated body fluid with atomic ratio of Ca/P 1.60 approaching the stoichiometric ratio(1.67)indicating superior bioactivity of FSPed WE43/n HA composite after three passes.These results raise that the grain refinement by FSP and introduction of n HA particles significantly improved the degradation rate and in-vitro bioactivity of WE43 alloy for biomedical applications.

Dependence of Rydberg-atom-based sensor performance on different Rydberg atom populations in one atomic-vapor cell

The atomic-vapor cell is a vital component for Rydberg atomic microwave sensors,and impacts on overall capability of Rydberg sensors.However,the conventional analysis approach on effect of vapor-cell length contains two implicit assumptions,that is,the same atomic population density and buffer gas pressure,which make it unable to accurately capture actual response about effect of Rydberg-atom-based sensor performance on different Rydberg atom populations.Here,utilizing a stepped cesium atomic-vapor cell with five different dimensions at the same atomic population density and buffer gas pressure,the height and full width at half maximum of electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)signal,and the sensitivity of the atomic superheterodyne sensor are comprehensively investigated under conditions of the same Rabi frequencies(saturated laser power).It is identified that EIT signal height is proportional to the cell length,full width at half maximum and sensitivity grow with the increment of cell length to a certain extent.Employing the coherent integration signal theory and atomic linear expansion coefficient method,theoretical analysis of the EIT height and sensitivity are further investigated.The results could shed new light on understanding and design of ultrahigh-sensitivity Rydberg atomic microwave sensors and find promising applications in quantum measurement,communication,and imaging.

Progress and future prospects of decadal prediction and data assimilation:A review

年代际预测,也称为“近期气候预测”,旨在预测未来1-10年内的气候变化,是气候预测和气候变化研究领域的一个新关注点.它位于季节至年际预测和长期气候变化预测之间,结合了初值问题和外部强迫问题的两个方面.年代际预测的核心技术在于用于模式初始化的同化方法的准确性和效率,其目标是为模式提供准确的初始条件,其中包含观测到的气候系统内部变率,年代际预测的初始化通常涉及在耦合框架内同化海洋观测,其中观测到的信号通过耦合过程传递到其他分量,如大气和海冰.然而,最近的研究越来越关注在海洋-大气耦合模式中探索耦合数据同化(CDA),有人认为CDA有潜力显著提高年代际预测技巧.本文综合评述了该领域的三个方面的研究现状:初始化方法,年代际气候预测的可预测性和预测技巧,以及年代际预测的未来发展和挑战.

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia complex with positive 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid:A case report

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-associated dementia(HAD)is a subcortical form of dementia characterized by memory deficits and psychomotor slowing.However,HAD often presents with symptoms similar to those of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD),particularly in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS).CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 54-year-old male who exhibited cognitive dysfunction and secondary behavioral changes following HIV infection and suspected prion exposure.The patient was diagnosed with HIV during hospitalization and his cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for 14-3-3 proteins.His electroencephalogram showed a borderline-abnormal periodic triphasic wave pattern.Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging revealed moderate encephalatrophy and demyelination.Initially,symptomatic treatment and administration of amantadine were pursued for presumed CJD,but the patient’s condition continued to deteriorate.By contrast,the patient’s condition improved following anti-HIV therapy.This individual is also the only patient with this prognosis to have survived over 4 years.Thus,the diagnosis was revised to HAD.CONCLUSION In the diagnostic process of rapidly progressive dementia,it is crucial to rule out as many potential causes as possible and to consider an autopsy to diminish diagnostic uncertainty.The 14-3-3 protein should not be regarded as the definitive marker for CJD.Comprehensive laboratory screening for infectious diseases is essential to enhance diagnostic precision,especially in AIDS patients with potential CJD.Ultimately,a trial of diagnostic treatment may be considered when additional testing is not feasible.

Integrated data mining and network pharmacology to discover a novel traditional Chinese medicine prescription against diabetic retinopathy and reveal its mechanism

Background:Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is currently the leading cause of blindness in elderly individuals with diabetes.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)prescriptions have shown remarkable effectiveness for treating DR.This study aimed to screen a novel TCM prescription against DR from patents and elucidate its medication rule and molecular mechanism using data mining,network pharmacology,molecular docking and molecular dynamics(MD)simulation.Method:TCM prescriptions for treating DR was collected from patents and a novel TCM prescription was identified using data mining.Subsequently,the mechanism of the novel TCM prescription against DR was explored by constructing a network of core TCMs-core active ingredients-core targets-core pathways.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation were employed to validate the findings from network pharmacology.Result:The TCMs of the collected prescriptions primarily possessed bitter and cold properties with heat-clearing and supplementing effects,attributed to the liver,lung and kidney channels.Notably,a novel TCM prescription for treating DR was identified,composed of Lycii Fructus,Chrysanthemi Flos,Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix.Twenty core active ingredients and ten core targets of the novel TCM prescription for treating DR were screened.Moreover,the novel TCM prescription played a crucial role for treating DR by inhibiting inflammatory response,oxidative stress,retinal pigment epithelium cell apoptosis and retinal neovascularization through various pathways,such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and the MAPK signaling pathway.Finally,molecular docking and MD simulation demonstrated that almost all core active ingredients exhibited satisfactory binding energies to core targets.Conclusions:This study identified a novel TCM prescription and unveiled its multi-component,multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics for treating DR.These findings provide a scientific basis and novel insights into the development of drugs for DR prevention and treatment.

Estimating aboveground biomass in Mu Us Sandy Land using Landsat spectral derived vegetation indices over the past 30 years

Remote sensing is a valuable and effective tool for monitoring and estimating aboveground biomass （AGB） in large areas.The current international research on biomass estimation by remote sensing technique mainly focused on forests,grasslands and crops,with relatively few applications for desert ecosystems.In this paper,Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM）/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus （ETM＋） images from 1988 to 2007 and the data of 283 AGB samples in August 2007 were used to estimate the AGB for Mu Us Sandy Land over the past 30 years.Moreover,temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of AGB and influencing factors of climate and underlying surface were also studied.Results show that：（1） Differences of correlations exist in the fitted equations between AGB and different vegetation indices in desert areas.The modified soil adjusted vegetation index （MSAVI） and soil adjusted vegetation index （SAVI） show relatively higher correlations with AGB,while the correlation between normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and AGB is relatively lower.Error testing shows that the AGB-MSAVI model established can be used to accurately estimate AGB of Mu Us Sandy Land in August.（2） AGB in Mu Us Sandy Land shows the fluctuant characteristics over the past 30 years,which decreased from the 1980s to the 1990s,and increased from the 1990s to 2007.AGB in 2007 had the highest value,with a total AGB of 3.352×106 t.Moreover,in the 1990s,AGB had the lowest value with a total AGB of 2.328×106 t.（3） AGB with relatively higher values was mainly located in the middle and southern parts of Mu Us Sandy Land in the 1980s.AGB was low in the whole area in the1990s,and relatively higher AGB values were mainly located in the southern parts of Uxin.In 2007,AGB in the whole area was relatively higher than those of the last twenty years,and higher AGB values were mainly located in the northern,western and middle parts of Mu Us Sandy Land.

Synthesis of a New Series of Bone Affinity Compounds

A new series of bone affinity compounds were synthesized by linking chrysophanol with 5-fluorouracil derivatives. Their bone affinity was established by hydroxyapative （HA） affinity experiment in vitro, and their cytostatic effects were shown by the MTT assay.

Both small and large plants are likely to produce staminate(male)flowers in a hermaphrodite lily

Resource allocation to female and male function may vary among individual plants in species with variable sex expression.Size-dependent sex allocation has been proposed in hermaphrodites,in which female-biased allocation may increase with plant size.In many hermaphrodites with large floral displays,however,later-produced flowers tend to be functionally male.This paradoxical relationship between female and male function and plant size remains poorly understood.The subalpine lily Lilium lankongense has individuals of three sexual types:males with only staminate flowers,hermaphrodites with only perfect flowers,and andromonoecious plants with both perfect and staminate flowers.Here we tested theoretical predictions of size-dependent sex allocation in L.lankongense by measuring plant height and flower number of individuals of each sex at five field sites in the mountainous region of Shangri-La,southwestern China.To investigate variation in phenotypic gender,we identified sex expression of 457 individuals one year later.Our investigation showed that male plants,which usually produced one flower,were significantly smaller than and ro monoecious and hermaphrodite plants.In addition,the total flower numbers of andromonoecious and hermaphrodite plants increased significantly with plant size.Large individuals were more likely to produce terminal staminate flowers,as there were more flowers in andromonoecious than in hermaphrodite individuals.Non-flowered plants were significantly smaller than flowering ones.Perfect flowers had significantly larger petals and pistils than staminate flowers,but they did not differ in dry weight of stamens.Our findings indicate that when plants are small,the less costly sex is favored,consistent with the‘size-advantage hypothesis’.When plants are large,both female and male investments change isometrically,as later-produced flowers tend to be functionally male.

Rh single atoms embedded in CeO_(2) nanostructure boost CO_(2) hydrogenation to HCOOH

CO_(2)hydrogenation to value-added chemicals is a promising pathway to solve CO_(2)-relevant environmental problems but still remains a great challenge.Herein,we report a CeO_(2)nanostructure supported Rh single atoms(Rh-SAs/CeO_(2))catalyst and was used for the efficient CO_(2)hydrogenation to HCOOH.The Rh-SAs/CeO_(2)exhibited high catalytic activity with turnover numbers(TON)up to 221 at 200℃,which was 4-fold to that of CeO_(2)supported Rh nanoparticles(Rh-NPs/CeO_(2)).Moreover,HCOOH selectivity for Rh-SAs/CeO_(2)reached 85%,much higher than that of Rh-NPs/CeO_(2)(46%).Mechanism studies revealed that Rh single atoms in the Rh-SAs/CeO_(2)with high metal atoms utilization efficiency not only provided abundant active sites to promote the catalytic activity,but also suppressed the decomposition of HCOOH to CO and benefited the formation of HCOOH.

Effect of atorvastatin combined with metformin on the lipid metabolism, hyperinsulinemia and oxidative stress in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective:To study the effect of atorvastatin combined with metformin on the lipid metabolism, hyperinsulinemia and oxidative stress in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods:56 patients with NAFLD who were treated in our hospital between June 2012 and February 2016 were collected and divided into the observation group and control group (n=28) according to the single-blind random number table. Control group received conventional treatment + atorvastatin therapy, observation group received conventional treatment + atorvastatin combined with metformin therapy, and both therapies lasted for 12 weeks. Before treatment and after 12 weeks of treatment, fasting serum was collected from two groups of patients to determine the levels of lipid metabolism indexes, insulin resistance-related indexes and oxidative stress indexes.Results: Before treatment, the differences in the levels of serum lipid metabolism indexes, insulin resistance-related indexes and oxidative stress indexes were not statistically significant between two groups of patients. After 12 weeks of treatment, serum lipid metabolism indexes triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (CHO), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of observation group were lower than those of control group while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was higher than that of control group;insulin resistance-related indexes fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) levels were lower than those of control group;oxidation indexes reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) levels were lower than those of control group while anti-oxidation indexes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels were higher than those of control group.Conclusion:Atorvastatin combined with metformin can optimize the lipid metabolism, improve the insulin sensitivity and reduce the systemic oxidative stress level in patients with NAFLD.

Seasonal Prediction of the Record-Breaking Northward Shift of the Western Pacific Subtropical High in July 2021

The unprecedented Zhengzhou heavy rainfall in July 2021 occurred under the background of a northward shift of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH).Although the occurrence of this extreme event could not be captured by seasonal predictions,a skillful prediction of the WPSH variation might have warned us of the increased probability of extreme weather events in Central and Northern China.However,the mechanism for the WPSH variation in July 2021 and its seasonal predictability are still unknown.Here,the observed northward shift of the WPSH in July 2021 is shown to correspond to a meridional dipole pattern of the 850-hPa geopotential height to the east of China,the amplitude of which became the strongest since 1979.The meridional dipole pattern is two nodes of the Pacific–Japan pattern.To investigate the predictability of the WPSH variation,a 21-member ensemble of seasonal predictions initiated from the end of June 2021 was conducted.The predictable and unpredictable components of the meridional dipole pattern were identified from the ensemble simulations.Its predictable component is driven by positive precipitation anomalies over the tropical western Pacific.The positive precipitation anomalies are caused by positive horizonal advection of the mean moist enthalpy by southwesterly anomalies to the northwestern flank of anticyclonic anomalies excited by the existing La Niña,which is skillfully predicted by the model.The leading mode of the unpredictable component is associated with the atmospheric internal intraseasonal oscillations,which are not initialized in the simulations.The relative contributions of the predictable and unpredictable components to the observed northward shift of the WPSH at 850 hPa are 28.0%and 72.0%,respectively.

慕课十年:打造更具包容性的数字学习平台——2022世界慕课与在线教育大会分论坛二综述

2022世界慕课与在线教育大会分论坛二以“慕课十年——打造更具包容性的数字学习平台”为主题,重点关注慕课十年的发展及其对高等教育变革和创新的作用。文章通过对该分论坛召开的基本背景、总体情况进行综述,阐明了以慕课为代表的在线教育自2012年诞生以来,以其优质、共享、跨越时空的特点,为构建网络化、数字化、个性化、终身化的教育体系发挥的作用。文章还简要概括了与会嘉宾发言,并介绍了会议所形成的对慕课三大作用的总结:慕课助推学习型社会建设、慕课与在线教育赋能高等教育数字化转型,以及慕课平台助推优质教育资源共建、共享与全球合作。

A gap-free and haplotype-resolved lemon genome provides insights into flavor synthesis and huanglongbing (HLB) tolerance

The lemon(Citrus limon;family Rutaceae)is one of the most important and popular fruits worldwide.Lemon also tolerates huan-glongbing(HLB)disease,which is a devastating citrus disease.Here we produced a gap-free and haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome assembly of the lemon by combining Pacific Biosciences circular consensus sequencing,Oxford Nanopore 50-kb ultra-long,and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture technologies.The assembly contained nine-pair chromosomes with a contig N50 of 35.6 Mb and zero gaps,while a total of 633.0 Mb genomic sequences were generated.The origination analysis identified 338.5Mb genomic sequences originating from citron(53.5%),147.4Mb frommandarin(23.3%),and 147.1Mb frompummelo(23.2%).The genome included 30528 protein-coding genes,and most of the assembled sequences were found to be repetitive sequences.Several significantly expanded gene families were associated with plant-pathogen interactions,plant hormone signal transduction,and the biosynthesis of major active components,such as terpenoids and f lavor compounds.Most HLB-tolerant genes were expanded in the lemon genome,such as 2-oxoglutarate(2OG)/Fe(II)-dependent oxygenase and constitutive disease resistance 1,cell wall-related genes,and lignin synthesis genes.Comparative transcriptomic analysis showed that phloem regeneration and lower levels of phloem plugging are the elements that contribute to HLB tolerance in lemon.Our results provide insight into lemon genome evolution,active component biosynthesis,and genes associated with HLB tolerance.

Microfluidic assisted 90%loading CL-20 spherical particles:Enhancing self-sustaining combustion performance

The performance of the chemical fuel determines the altitude,range and longevity of spacecraft in air and space exploration.Promising alternatives(e.g.,hypergolic ionic liquids or high-energy composites)with high-energy density,heat of formation and fast initial rate are considered as potential chemical fuels.As the high-energy density material,hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane(CL-20)often serves as secondary explosive with poor self-propagating combustion behaviors.Herein,90%loading CL-20 microspheres with uniform particle sizes are precisely prepared by microfluid method,which exhibit unique hierarchical structure.The morphology,thermal behaviors,as well as combustion performance were further investigated.The results demonstrated that as-prepared spherical particles exhibit prominent thermal compatibility,and the enhanced self-sustaining combustion performance.This work provides an efficient method achieving the uniform high-energy density particles with excellent self-sustaining combustion performance.

Can Eurasia Experience a Cold Winter under a Third-Year La Nina in 2022/23?

The Northern Hemisphere(NH)often experiences frequent cold air outbreaks and heavy snowfalls during La Nina winters.In 2022,a third-year La Nina event has exceeded both the oceanic and atmospheric thresholds since spring and is predicted to reach its mature phase in December 2022.Under such a significant global climate signal,whether the Eurasian Continent will experience a tough cold winter should not be assumed,despite the direct influence of mid-to high-latitude,large-scale atmospheric circulations upon frequent Eurasian cold extremes,whose teleconnection physically operates by favoring Arctic air invasions into Eurasia as a consequence of the reduction of the meridional background temperature gradient in the NH.In the 2022/23 winter,as indicated by the seasonal predictions from various climate models and statistical approaches developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,abnormal warming will very likely cover most parts of Europe under the control of the North Atlantic Oscillation and the anomalous anticyclone near the Ural Mountains,despite the cooling effects of La Nina.At the same time,the possibility of frequent cold conditions in mid-latitude Asia is also recognized for this upcoming winter,in accordance with the tendency for cold air invasions to be triggered by the synergistic effect of a warm Arctic and a cold tropical Pacific on the hemispheric scale.However,how the future climate will evolve in the 2022/23 winter is still subject to some uncertainty,mostly in terms of unpredictable internal atmospheric variability.Consequently,the status of the mid-to high-latitude atmospheric circulation should be timely updated by medium-term numerical weather forecasts and sub-seasonal-to-seasonal prediction for the necessary date information and early warnings.

The essential role of jasmonate signaling in Solanum habrochaites rootstock-mediated cold tolerance in tomato grafts

Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is among the most important vegetables across the world,but cold stress usually affects its yield and quality.The wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites is commonly utilized as rootstock for enhancing resistance against abiotic stresses in cultivated tomato,especially cold resistance.However,the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear.In this research,we confirmed that S.habrochaites rootstock can improve the cold tolerance of cultivated tomato scions,as revealed by growth,physiological,and biochemical indicators.Furthermore,transcriptome profiling indicated significant differences in the scion of homo-and heterografted seedlings,including substantial changes in jasmonic acid(JA)biosynthesis and signaling,which were validated by RT–qPCR analysis.S.habrochaites plants had a high basal level of jasmonate,and cold stress caused a greater amount of active JA-isoleucine in S.habrochaites heterografts.Moreover,exogenous JA enhanced while JA inhibitor decreased the cold tolerance of tomato grafts.The JA biosynthesis-defective mutant spr8 also showed increased sensitivity to cold stress.All of these results demonstrated the significance of JA in the cold tolerance of grafted tomato seedlings with S.habrochaites rootstock,suggesting a future direction for the characterization of the natural variation involved in S.habrochaites rootstock-mediated cold tolerance.

腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝癌破裂出血的初步经验

目的评估腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝癌破裂出血的临床价值。方法回顾性分析该院2016年1月-2019年9月采用腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝癌破裂出血的7例患者的临床资料。结果7例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,与对照组比较,术中出血量明显减少,术后住院时间明显缩短,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。7例患者均无切口及腹腔种植,两组患者无瘤生存率及总生存率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于循环稳定、肝功能分级为Child—Pugh A级、肿瘤可切除、能耐受手术的肝癌破裂出血患者,行腹腔镜肝切除术是安全和可行的。

Integrated photonic convolution acceleration core for wearable devices

With the advancement of deep learning and neural networks,the computational demands for applications in wearable devices have grown exponentially.However,wearable devices also have strict requirements for long battery life,low power consumption,and compact size.In this work,we propose a scalable optoelectronic computing system based on an integrated optical convolution acceleration core.This system enables high-precision computation at the speed of light,achieving 7-bit accuracy while maintaining extremely low power consumption.It also demonstrates peak throughput of 3.2 TOPS(tera operations per second)in parallel processing.We have successfully demonstrated image convolution and the typical application of an interactive first-person perspective gesture recognition application based on depth information.The system achieves a comparable recognition accuracy to traditional electronic computation in all blind tests.

CAS FGOALS-f3-L Model Datasets for CMIP6 DCPP Experiment

The outputs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System(FGOALSf3-L)model for the decadal climate prediction project(DCPP)of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6)are described in this paper.The FGOALS-f3-L was initialized through the upgraded,weakly coupled data assimilation scheme,referred to as EnOI-IAU,which assimilates observational anomalies of sea surface temperature(SST)and upper-level(0–1000-m)ocean temperature and salinity profiles into the coupled model.Then,nine ensemble members of 10-year hindcast/forecast experiments were conducted for each initial year over the period of 1960–2021,based on initial conditions produced by three initialization experiments.The hindcast and forecast experiments follow the experiment designs of the Component-A and Component-B of the DCPP,respectively.The decadal prediction output datasets contain a total of 44 monthly mean atmospheric and oceanic variables.The preliminary evaluation indicates that the hindcast experiments show significant predictive skill for the interannual variations of SST in the north Pacific and multi-year variations of SST in the subtropical Pacific and the southern Indian Ocean.