Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on...Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the growth characteristics of primary human GBM developed in a nude rat. Primary GBM cells grown from explanted GBM tissues were implanted orthotopically in nude rats. Tumor growth was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 77(baseline) after implantation. The rats underwent irradiation to a dose of 50 Gy delivered subcuratively on day 84 postimplantation(n = 8), or underwent no radiation(n = 8). Brain tissues were obtained on day 112(nonirradiated) or day 133(irradiated). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation(Ki-67) and to assess the expression of infiltration marker(matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) and cell migration marker(CD44). Tumor neovascularization was assessed by microvessel density using von-Willebrand factor(vWF) staining. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-developed, infiltrative tumors in 11 weeks postimplantation. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in tumors undergoing radiation was(71 ± 15)% compared with(25 ± 12)% in the nonirradiated group(P = 0.02). The number of MMP-2-positive areas and proportion of CD44-positive cells were also high in tumors receiving radiation, indicating great invasion and infiltration. Microvessel density analysis did not show a significant difference between nonirradiated and irradiated tumors. Taken together, we found that subcurative radiation significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary GBM. Our study provides insights into possible mechanisms of treatment resistance following radiation therapy for GBM.展开更多
雕塑家—陆斌[西班牙]Carmen Riu
陆斌的作品让我们意识到我们无法回避我们自身的文化以及我们自己独特的行为方式。我们总是存在于我们自己的社会及这个时代当中。因此,他今天的创作的艺术品所展现出的属于某一时的历史特征及典型象...雕塑家—陆斌[西班牙]Carmen Riu
陆斌的作品让我们意识到我们无法回避我们自身的文化以及我们自己独特的行为方式。我们总是存在于我们自己的社会及这个时代当中。因此,他今天的创作的艺术品所展现出的属于某一时的历史特征及典型象征的符号，如某些作品模仿因岁月侵蚀而斑驳的石块上留下的传统中国陶瓷器的纹饰等，那些被石化的传统文化或现代生活品的符号，所要的反映的是今天的现实，并非永恒。它是作为当今文明的一面镜子。展开更多
The convening of the 2016 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)forum this year in Peru could not come at a more important and unusual time.The world is reeling from two much unexpected events over the last few month...The convening of the 2016 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)forum this year in Peru could not come at a more important and unusual time.The world is reeling from two much unexpected events over the last few months:first,the UK’s decision to leave the European Union,and second,the American presidential election victory of businessman Donald Trump展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) [No. K25CA129173 (MMA), R01CA122031 (ASA), and 1R01CA160216 (ASA)]
文摘Tumor cell proliferation, infiltration, migration, and neovascularization are known causes of treatment resistance in glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of radiation on the growth characteristics of primary human GBM developed in a nude rat. Primary GBM cells grown from explanted GBM tissues were implanted orthotopically in nude rats. Tumor growth was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 77(baseline) after implantation. The rats underwent irradiation to a dose of 50 Gy delivered subcuratively on day 84 postimplantation(n = 8), or underwent no radiation(n = 8). Brain tissues were obtained on day 112(nonirradiated) or day 133(irradiated). Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine tumor cell proliferation(Ki-67) and to assess the expression of infiltration marker(matrix metalloproteinase-2, MMP-2) and cell migration marker(CD44). Tumor neovascularization was assessed by microvessel density using von-Willebrand factor(vWF) staining. Magnetic resonance imaging showed well-developed, infiltrative tumors in 11 weeks postimplantation. The proportion of Ki-67-positive cells in tumors undergoing radiation was(71 ± 15)% compared with(25 ± 12)% in the nonirradiated group(P = 0.02). The number of MMP-2-positive areas and proportion of CD44-positive cells were also high in tumors receiving radiation, indicating great invasion and infiltration. Microvessel density analysis did not show a significant difference between nonirradiated and irradiated tumors. Taken together, we found that subcurative radiation significantly increased proliferation, invasion, and migration of primary GBM. Our study provides insights into possible mechanisms of treatment resistance following radiation therapy for GBM.
文摘雕塑家—陆斌[西班牙]Carmen Riu
陆斌的作品让我们意识到我们无法回避我们自身的文化以及我们自己独特的行为方式。我们总是存在于我们自己的社会及这个时代当中。因此,他今天的创作的艺术品所展现出的属于某一时的历史特征及典型象征的符号，如某些作品模仿因岁月侵蚀而斑驳的石块上留下的传统中国陶瓷器的纹饰等，那些被石化的传统文化或现代生活品的符号，所要的反映的是今天的现实，并非永恒。它是作为当今文明的一面镜子。
文摘The convening of the 2016 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)forum this year in Peru could not come at a more important and unusual time.The world is reeling from two much unexpected events over the last few months:first,the UK’s decision to leave the European Union,and second,the American presidential election victory of businessman Donald Trump
