Kuwait has recently implemented a vigorous campaign that aims to reclaim and reuse all treated wastewater in an at- tempt to alleviate water scarcity problem and to preserve seawater quality. This paper assesses the p...Kuwait has recently implemented a vigorous campaign that aims to reclaim and reuse all treated wastewater in an at- tempt to alleviate water scarcity problem and to preserve seawater quality. This paper assesses the present status of wastewater treatment, reclamation and reuse in Kuwait, and discusses the impact of wastewater reuse on the amounts of pollutants discharged into the sea. Through analysis of the historical records of the wastewater treatment plants, it has been found that reuse of reclaimed wastewater in Kuwait has greatly reduced the amounts of pollutants discharged into the sea. Results showed that more than 50% reduction in volumes of wastewater discharged into the sea had been achieved from year 2000 to year 2010. However, this study has predicted that the amounts of wastewater discharged into the sea will start increasing again by the year 2020 due to shortages of storage capacity for reclaimed wastewater and due to the limitation of wastewater reuse applications to basically agricultural and landscape irrigations. In contrary, the on-going works and future plans of the Ministry of Public Works (MPW) are expected to overcome this problem and lead to a zero discharge of wastewater into the sea.展开更多
The Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis (UF + RO) membrane system is nowadays frequently used in wastewater reclamation. The almost complete removal of the dissolved elements, however, raises concerns about the suitab...The Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis (UF + RO) membrane system is nowadays frequently used in wastewater reclamation. The almost complete removal of the dissolved elements, however, raises concerns about the suitability of the water treated by this system for agricultural irrigation. This study compared the irrigation qualities of UF + RO permeate and conventional tertiary effluent, using the WHO guidelines. Obtained results indicated slight to moderate degrees of restrictions are required for the reuse of the tertiary effluent as agricultural irrigation water, while no restrictions are needed for the UF + RO permeate. But it had also been found that the UF + RO system unnecessarily deprive the reclaimed water from nutrients and organic matters, which would have been recycled beneficially through agricultural irrigation.展开更多
Eight primary criteria air contaminants were measured continuously for the year 2010 to evaluate ambient air quality in Al Jahra, which is one of the oldest and busiest cities in the state of Kuwait. The state of the ...Eight primary criteria air contaminants were measured continuously for the year 2010 to evaluate ambient air quality in Al Jahra, which is one of the oldest and busiest cities in the state of Kuwait. The state of the art instrumentation was used to record the pollutants concentration to ppb levels maintaining quality control and quality assurance. Hourly base data for Non-Methane Hydrocarons (NM-HC), CH4, CO, CO2, O3, SO2, NO2and Particulate Matter (PM10) were analyzed for year 2010. Meteorological parameters contributing to air pollution, such as (temperature, solar intensity, wind speed and direction) have also been considered. The effect of winter and summer seasonal changes on pollutant concentration levels were analyzed to identify the most probable sources for the application of the futuristic mitigation methods for pollution abatement. The obtained results consistently suggest that the foregoing pollutant concentration levels are higher in winter than summer due to poor dispersion and shallow inversion layer with the exception of O3, CO2and PM10. However, all of the pollutant concentrations are below the allowable standards limits except for NM-HC.展开更多
Logistic models have been widely used for modelling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.This study used the data for Kuwait to assess the adequacy of the two most commonly used logistic models(Verhulst and Richards models)f...Logistic models have been widely used for modelling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.This study used the data for Kuwait to assess the adequacy of the two most commonly used logistic models(Verhulst and Richards models)for describing the dynamics COVID-19.Specifically,the study assessed the predictive performance of these two models and the practical identifiability of their parameters.Two model calibration approaches were adopted.In the first approach,all the data was used to fit the models as per the heuristic model fitting method.In the second approach,only the first half of the data was used for calibrating the models,while the other half was left for validating the models.Analysis of the obtained calibration and validation results have indicated that parameters of the two models cannot be identified with high certainty from COVID-19 data.Further,the models shown to have structural problems as they could not predict reasonably the validation data.Therefore,they should not be used for long-term predictions of COVID-19.Suggestion have been made for improving the performances of the models.展开更多
文摘Kuwait has recently implemented a vigorous campaign that aims to reclaim and reuse all treated wastewater in an at- tempt to alleviate water scarcity problem and to preserve seawater quality. This paper assesses the present status of wastewater treatment, reclamation and reuse in Kuwait, and discusses the impact of wastewater reuse on the amounts of pollutants discharged into the sea. Through analysis of the historical records of the wastewater treatment plants, it has been found that reuse of reclaimed wastewater in Kuwait has greatly reduced the amounts of pollutants discharged into the sea. Results showed that more than 50% reduction in volumes of wastewater discharged into the sea had been achieved from year 2000 to year 2010. However, this study has predicted that the amounts of wastewater discharged into the sea will start increasing again by the year 2020 due to shortages of storage capacity for reclaimed wastewater and due to the limitation of wastewater reuse applications to basically agricultural and landscape irrigations. In contrary, the on-going works and future plans of the Ministry of Public Works (MPW) are expected to overcome this problem and lead to a zero discharge of wastewater into the sea.
文摘The Ultrafiltration and Reverse Osmosis (UF + RO) membrane system is nowadays frequently used in wastewater reclamation. The almost complete removal of the dissolved elements, however, raises concerns about the suitability of the water treated by this system for agricultural irrigation. This study compared the irrigation qualities of UF + RO permeate and conventional tertiary effluent, using the WHO guidelines. Obtained results indicated slight to moderate degrees of restrictions are required for the reuse of the tertiary effluent as agricultural irrigation water, while no restrictions are needed for the UF + RO permeate. But it had also been found that the UF + RO system unnecessarily deprive the reclaimed water from nutrients and organic matters, which would have been recycled beneficially through agricultural irrigation.
文摘Eight primary criteria air contaminants were measured continuously for the year 2010 to evaluate ambient air quality in Al Jahra, which is one of the oldest and busiest cities in the state of Kuwait. The state of the art instrumentation was used to record the pollutants concentration to ppb levels maintaining quality control and quality assurance. Hourly base data for Non-Methane Hydrocarons (NM-HC), CH4, CO, CO2, O3, SO2, NO2and Particulate Matter (PM10) were analyzed for year 2010. Meteorological parameters contributing to air pollution, such as (temperature, solar intensity, wind speed and direction) have also been considered. The effect of winter and summer seasonal changes on pollutant concentration levels were analyzed to identify the most probable sources for the application of the futuristic mitigation methods for pollution abatement. The obtained results consistently suggest that the foregoing pollutant concentration levels are higher in winter than summer due to poor dispersion and shallow inversion layer with the exception of O3, CO2and PM10. However, all of the pollutant concentrations are below the allowable standards limits except for NM-HC.
文摘Logistic models have been widely used for modelling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.This study used the data for Kuwait to assess the adequacy of the two most commonly used logistic models(Verhulst and Richards models)for describing the dynamics COVID-19.Specifically,the study assessed the predictive performance of these two models and the practical identifiability of their parameters.Two model calibration approaches were adopted.In the first approach,all the data was used to fit the models as per the heuristic model fitting method.In the second approach,only the first half of the data was used for calibrating the models,while the other half was left for validating the models.Analysis of the obtained calibration and validation results have indicated that parameters of the two models cannot be identified with high certainty from COVID-19 data.Further,the models shown to have structural problems as they could not predict reasonably the validation data.Therefore,they should not be used for long-term predictions of COVID-19.Suggestion have been made for improving the performances of the models.
