Consumers’experiences and preferences for plant-based meat food:Evidence from a choice experiment in four cities of China

This paper examined consumers’experiences in and preferences for plant-based meat(PBM)food and their respective correlates,based on data from an online survey of 579 consumers in four major cities in China in early 2021.We first described consumers’experiences in consuming and purchasing PBM food and their correlates,and then analyzed consumer preferences using hypothetical choice experiment.The experiment offered consumers various options to purchase burgers made from PBM or animal-based meat(ABM),combined with different countries of origin(COO),taste labels,and prices.Our data showed that respondents hold overall positive attitudes toward PBM food;85 and 82%of respondents reported experience in eating and purchasing PBM food,respectively.More than half of them ate PBM food because they wanted to try new food(58%),or were interested in healthy food(56%).Income,religion,and dietary restrictions were significantly correlated with consumers’experiences in PBM food consumption.Results from the Random Parameter Logit Model based on the hypothetical choice experiment data showed that 79%of respondents chose PBM burgers and were willing to pay an average of 88 CNY for a PBM burger.We also found that 99.8 and 83%of respondents are willing to buy burgers made in China and those with a taste label,with a willingness to pay(WTP)of 208 and 120 CNY,respectively.The heterogeneity test revealed that females and those with at least a bachelor’s degree,higher income,religious beliefs,and dietary restrictions are more likely to buy PBM burgers than their counterparts.

干群偏好差异与村民公共投资满意度

基于2007—2015年中国农村发展调查面板数据,采用有序Logit固定效应模型,分析不同种类公共物品的村干部与村民公共投资偏好差异对村民公共服务满意度的影响及其性别异质性。结果发现,村干部与村民的公共投资偏好差异对村民公共服务满意度有显著的负向影响,这种影响在道路和学校两项公共服务中最为突出。男性和女性在不同类别公共服务的投资偏好和满意度两方面均存在系统性差异。这种差异导致两者对公共服务的关注重点不同:男性在农村道路上的偏好差异会降低其满意度,而当村干部更加偏好学校时,女性的满意度下降幅度更大。研究进一步丰富了我国基层治理中信息不对称领域的研究文献;同时,基于不同种类公共物品和性别视角关注干群偏好差异与村民公共服务满意度,有助于提高农村公共物品供给的有效性和包容性,进而提升村民福利水平。

Effects of conservation measures on crop diversity and their implications for climate-resilient livelihoods: the case of Rupa Lake Watershed in Nepal

Agrobiodiversity conservation is vital for achieving sustainability, but empirical studies on the effects of different practices or measures on crop diversity are rare. This study aims to estimate the effects of raising conservation awareness(RCA),building diversity blocks(BDB), and their combination on crop diversity among 240 randomly selected households surrounding the Rupa Lake Watershed in Nepal. Based on descriptive analysis and multiple regression models, the results indicate that the two single measures had no significant effect on the numbers of crop species and varieties grown by households in 2018. However, the combination of RCA and BDB had a significantly positive effect on the number of crop varieties, especially for grain and vegetable crops. Considering that these crops are essential in the daily lives of local people, the results indicate that a strategy that combines both awareness raising and on-farm conservation measures can generate higher crop diversity and better serve the climate-resilient livelihoods of people in mountainous areas.

Status and path of intergenerational transmission of poverty in rural China:A human capital investment perspective

This paper focused on the intergenerational transmission of poverty in rural China by estimating the intergenerational transmission of earnings and stated its mechanism from the perspective of human capital investment before children participated in the labor market.The data used in this study were longitude data collected in 2000 households of 100 villages among 25 counties across five provinces in 2005,2008,2012,2016,and 2019.Qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted.We found a significant intergenerational transmission of earnings in rural China,especially for the pairs of father–children and parents–children.The intergenerational earnings'elasticities were much less than those in urban areas,which indicated better social mobility in rural areas than that in urban China.The children with parents who could earn much were more likely to be invested before they participated in the labor market,gain a high education and have more skills.Three cases further showed that the mechanism of human capital investment in children breaking the intergenerational transmission of poverty and promoting social mobility.

酚类天然产物Buxifoximes A的合成及生物活性

利用商品化试剂4-羟基苯甲酰甲醛水合物(3)为起始原料,与甲氧基胺盐酸盐经一步肟化反应,以79%的收率合成了酚类天然产物Buxifoximes A(1).同时还经已知反应步骤合成了Buxifoximes A的天然类似物2.初步的抗肿瘤生物活性测试表明,二者对MV4-11细胞表现出了优秀的抑制作用,同时探讨了构效关系.

一种脉动反馈型两级交换结构

为解决反馈型两级交换结构(FTSA)对调度算法的时间限制问题,提出了一种脉动反馈型两级交换结构(PFTSA). PFTSA将调度算法所需信息以脉动的形式反馈至输入端口,通过预处理机制使调度算法获得目标缓存的准确信息,从而避免信元冲突和信元失序.相对于现有方案,PFTSA简化了交换结构和交换流程,同时提高了时延性能.

新农保能促进农户土地流转吗?——基于CHARLS三期面板数据

基于2011年、2013年和2015年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据库,构建了三期具备农村户口且拥有耕地的微观农户面板数据,采用固定效应模型实证分析我国农村老龄化问题背景下新农保能否促进农户土地流转。研究发现:(1)2015年中国耕地的平均转出率和转入率仅为14%和6%,2011-2015年中国耕地呈现转出率逐年递增、转入率逐年递减的趋势,凸显中国耕地出现集聚现象。(2)中国土地流转行为区域差异性明显,耕地转出率顺序为:东北地区>东部地区>中部地区>西北地区>西南地区;耕地转入率除西北地区较高外(2015年为9%),其余各区均在5%左右。(3)新型农村社会养老保险能够促进60岁以上老年农户的耕地转出。政策启示是:提高农村养老保险水平以弱化土地的养老保障功能,进而促进农村土地流转;完善耕地集聚化背景下的土地管理制度,培育一批具有带头作用的新型农民;发展区域差异化的农村耕地管理政策,首先重点针对土地流转潜力大的地区推行土地流转交易。

村主任激励机制对农民收入的影响——基于公共投资的中介效应

通过有效的机制激励基层村干部带领农民致富,是实现乡村振兴战略中"生活富裕"的重要措施。基于激励理论,利用2004—2018年具有全国代表性的村级数据,运用面板数据固定效应模型,分析村主任激励机制对农民收入的影响,探讨公共投资的中介效应。结果表明,村主任年薪酬水平逐年上升,从2004年的5 500.55元增长到2018年的26 480.49元,年薪酬与考核指标挂钩、以发展经济为最重要的考核指标和完不成最重要考核指标而扣10%或更多薪酬的比例均呈现下降趋势。村人均纯收入保持稳步增长,从2004年的3 735.71元增长到2018年的12 020.34元,但是各地区增长不平衡,江苏省代表的东部沿海发达地区的农民收入水平远高于其他地区。年薪酬和最重要的考核指标对人均纯收入有显著影响;年薪酬通过村集体参与出资的公共投资额来影响人均纯收入。因此,提出了设置合理的村主任考核指标、增加经济欠发达村庄的村主任薪酬和公共投资规模的对策建议。