Variation in cross-shore wind speeds influenced by the morphology of nourished beach

The cross-shore variation in wind speeds influenced by beach nourishment,especially the dramatic changes at the nourished berm,is important for understanding the aeolian sand transport processes that occur after beach nourishment,which will contribute to better beach nourishment project design on windy coasts.In this paper,the influencing factors and potential mechanism of wind speed variation at the edge of a nourished berm were studied.Field observations,together with the Duna model,were used to study the cross-shore wind speed distribution for different nourishment schemes.The results show that the nourished berm elevation and beachface slope are the main factors controlling the increase in wind speed at the berm edge.When the upper beach slope is constant,the wind speed at the berm edge has a positive linear correlation with the berm elevation.When the berm elevation remains constant,the wind speed at the berm edge is also proportional to the upper beach slope.Considering the coupling effects of nourished berm elevation and beachface slope,a model for predicting the wind speed amplification rate at the nourished berm edge was established,and the underlying coupling mechanism was illustrated.

Effect of fence opening configurations on dune development

Fences have been widely used in coastal protection engineering for their low cost,simple deployment,and easy integration with ecosystems.The effects of fence porosity and height on dune development have been investigated while not much attention has been paid to the effects of fence opening configurations,such as opening size and geometry,and porosity distributions.In this study,we deployed eight fences with same height and similar porosity,but different opening configurations on a sandy beach in Pingtan,Fujian Province.Results indicate that there is a similar two-dune-one-trough pattern for all fences at the beginning of dune development,and opening size,orientation,and geometry,and porosity distribution control the leeward dune peak locations.Fences with small openings and non-uniform porosity have high trapping efficiency,and upper denser porosity may be the optimal design as these fences have the highest trapping efficiency and capacity.The conclusions from this study can provide guidance on practical fence design.

Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0386 with antioxidant capacity ameliorates the lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in mice by NF-κB and Nrf2 pathway

The Lactobacillus is of great interest as a natural antioxidant to ameliorate liver injury for its antioxidant capacity.In a previous experiment,Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS 1.0386 was excellent in adhesion and anti-inflammation.This research assessed the antioxidant capacity of L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 and how it ameliorates the LPS-induced acute liver injury.In vitro results showed that L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 had potential antioxidant capacity with 27 genes,and it had better capacities in hydroxyl radicals scavenging and lipid antioxidant than the reference strain L.plantarum WCFS1 (P < 0.05).In vivo results,L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 significantly reduced hepatic tissue injury,pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-6),myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and biochemical indicators of hepatotoxicity (ALT,AST,ALP) (P < 0.05),compared with the LPS-treated mice.Moreover,L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 increased the relative abundance of the genera,including Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,Muribaculaceae and Alistipes,which significantly increased the level of acetic acid and butyric acid (P < 0.05).The results also showed L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 significantly adjusted the expression of HO-1,NQO1,CAT,NF-κB,TLR4 and IκB-α in the liver (P < 0.05).Overall,these results indicated that L.plantarum KLDS 1.0386 had great functionality in reducing LPS-induced acute liver injury.