Milk product market is currently experiencing profound diversification,marked by an increasing presence of specialty milk and dairy products alongside traditional cow milk.These specialty varieties include yak,sheep,b...Milk product market is currently experiencing profound diversification,marked by an increasing presence of specialty milk and dairy products alongside traditional cow milk.These specialty varieties include yak,sheep,buffalo,and goat milk.Given their limited availability,these specialty milks often command higher prices than cow milk,rendering them susceptible to adulteration through substitution with the latter.Such fraudulent practices result in significant economic damage and pose risks to public health.Consequently,numerous identification methods have been devised to trace the origin of dairy products.Although the prevailing methods predominantly focus on analyzing the nutrient composition of these products,this review aims to explore more cost-effective,sensitive,accurate,and efficient techniques.This endeavor begins with a comprehensive analysis of the common nutrients found in different dairy sources available on the market.Subsequently,this study elucidates various techniques employed for adulterating milk sources,with a specific emphasis on targeting these nutrients.Furthermore,a systematic comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse detection methods.This review provides a theoretical framework essential for the subsequent development of detection technologies for milk source identification.展开更多
With the continuous deepening of China’s rural construction and development,people’s living conditions are improved day by day,while accompanied by energy and environment crisis issues.This paper mainly analyzes the...With the continuous deepening of China’s rural construction and development,people’s living conditions are improved day by day,while accompanied by energy and environment crisis issues.This paper mainly analyzes the energy consumption pattern and the indoor environment of rural households in China and discusses the energy-saving optimization strategies for improving the thermal environment of buildings.Questionnaire surveys and field surveys were conducted in three villages in Guanghan,China.The measurement results show that the annual indoor temperature range of the region in the summer is 15-31℃and the relative humidity range is 34%-96%.The average indoor temperatures in summer and winter are 28℃and 16℃respectively.The indoor thermal environment of rural buildings is usually poor and cannot meet the requirements of Chinese standards.At the same time,the architectural design and energy consumption pattern of rural households are different from those in urban areas as countryside has unique characteristics.Finally,we put forward certain energy-saving improvement measures at the end of the article.展开更多
基金funded by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202420),China.
文摘Milk product market is currently experiencing profound diversification,marked by an increasing presence of specialty milk and dairy products alongside traditional cow milk.These specialty varieties include yak,sheep,buffalo,and goat milk.Given their limited availability,these specialty milks often command higher prices than cow milk,rendering them susceptible to adulteration through substitution with the latter.Such fraudulent practices result in significant economic damage and pose risks to public health.Consequently,numerous identification methods have been devised to trace the origin of dairy products.Although the prevailing methods predominantly focus on analyzing the nutrient composition of these products,this review aims to explore more cost-effective,sensitive,accurate,and efficient techniques.This endeavor begins with a comprehensive analysis of the common nutrients found in different dairy sources available on the market.Subsequently,this study elucidates various techniques employed for adulterating milk sources,with a specific emphasis on targeting these nutrients.Furthermore,a systematic comparative analysis was performed to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse detection methods.This review provides a theoretical framework essential for the subsequent development of detection technologies for milk source identification.
基金supported by the China National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2018YFC0704400)Technology Achievements Transfor-mation Fund Project from Sichuan Science and Technology Department(#2018YSZH0010).
文摘With the continuous deepening of China’s rural construction and development,people’s living conditions are improved day by day,while accompanied by energy and environment crisis issues.This paper mainly analyzes the energy consumption pattern and the indoor environment of rural households in China and discusses the energy-saving optimization strategies for improving the thermal environment of buildings.Questionnaire surveys and field surveys were conducted in three villages in Guanghan,China.The measurement results show that the annual indoor temperature range of the region in the summer is 15-31℃and the relative humidity range is 34%-96%.The average indoor temperatures in summer and winter are 28℃and 16℃respectively.The indoor thermal environment of rural buildings is usually poor and cannot meet the requirements of Chinese standards.At the same time,the architectural design and energy consumption pattern of rural households are different from those in urban areas as countryside has unique characteristics.Finally,we put forward certain energy-saving improvement measures at the end of the article.
