An Efficient Image Analysis Framework for the Classification of Glioma Brain Images Using CNN Approach

The identification of brain tumors is multifarious work for the separation of the similar intensity pixels from their surrounding neighbours.The detection of tumors is performed with the help of automatic computing technique as presented in the proposed work.The non-active cells in brain region are known to be benign and they will never cause the death of the patient.These non-active cells follow a uniform pattern in brain and have lower density than the surrounding pixels.The Magnetic Resonance(MR)image contrast is improved by the cost map construction technique.The deep learning algorithm for differentiating the normal brain MRI images from glioma cases is implemented in the proposed method.This technique permits to extract the linear features from the brain MR image and glioma tumors are detected based on these extracted features.Using k-mean clustering algorithm the tumor regions in glioma are classified.The proposed algorithm provides high sensitivity,specificity and tumor segmentation accuracy.

Digestive Pathologies during Chronic Renal Failure in the Nephrology and Haemodialysis Department at the University Hospital Center of Point G in Mali

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function. It exposes to many complications, among which, digestive complications. In Mali, we do not have data on the prevalence of digestive pathologies in people with chronic renal failure, hence the interest of this study. Objective: To determine the prevalence of digestive pathologies and to describe their manifestations during chronic renal failure. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted from September 2016 to August 2017, a period of 12 months. Included were patients hospitalized in our department with CKD who received digestive endoscopy and/or liver serology. Results: Seventy-one patients underwent digestive endoscopy with oesogastroduodenal fibroscopy (60 patients), rectoscopy (6 patients) and anoscopy (5 patients), i.e. 15.9% of those hospitalized. The mean age of the patients was 48 ± 14 years with extremes of 15 and 84 years. The sample consisted of 59.2% men versus 40.8% women, for a sex ratio of 1.5. The functional signs are in order of frequency: vomiting (72.4%), anorexia (51.3%) and epigastralgia (48.7%). Terminal CKD by creatinine clearance accounted for 88.2% of cases, of which 47.4% were monitored by hemodialysis. Hepatitis C virus infection was present in 21.3% of cases, hepatitis B (18%) and HIV (7.5%). Endoscopic examinations were represented by fibroscopy (84.5%), rectoscopy (8.5%) and anuscopy (7%). The fibroscopic lesions were respectively gastric (96.8%), duodenal (14.1%) and esophageal (12.5%). They were dominated by gastritis (40.5%), duodeno-gastric reflux (16.4%), pyloric gap (12.6%). Rectoscopy found 4 cases of hemorrhoids, 2 cases of rectitis and no lesions were observed at anuscopy. Conclusion: The prevalence of these digestive manifestations and the endoscopic lesions encountered indicate the importance of digestive endoscopy and the performance of hepatic serologies in chronic renal failure patients with digestive symptoms and/or treated by hemodialysis.