The study aims to assess the nitrate and fluoride concentration in groundwater and its adverse effects on human health.In 2019,42 groundwater samples were collected from various bore wells within the western Noyyal ba...The study aims to assess the nitrate and fluoride concentration in groundwater and its adverse effects on human health.In 2019,42 groundwater samples were collected from various bore wells within the western Noyyal basin,India.Sodium and chloride are the dominant cation and anion,respectively.The nitrate concentration in groundwater samples varies from 2 to 89 mg/L,of which 33.33%are above the permissible limit of 45 mg/L for drinking water.The fluoride concentration ranges from 0.2 to 2.4 mg/L,with 28.57%of the samples exceeding the safe value of 1.5 mg/L for drinking water.Correlation plots demonstrate that the potential of hydrogen(pH),electrical conductivity(EC),total dissolved solids(TDS),Na^(+)and HCO^(-)_(3)are positively correlated with F^(-),whereas Ca^(2+)is negatively correlated.Mixed Ca-Mg-Cl is the most common water type in the investigated region.The Gibbs diagram demonstrates that the interaction between rock and water impacts the groundwater chemistry.Using the method of the United States Environmental Production Agency(USEPA),this study assesses the non-carcinogenic health risk posed by nitrate and fluoride in different age groups(infants,children,and adults).The values of total hazard index(THI)vary from 0.59 to 10.07(mean=4.76)for infants,0.36 to 6.23(mean=2.95)for children,and 0.19 to 3.32(mean=1.57)for adults.Furthermore,97.62%,92.86%,and 73.81%of the samples surpass the recommended limit(THI=1)for infants,children,and adults,respectively.Thus,the health risk assessment(HRA)indicates that infants and children are more susceptible to noncarcinogenic health hazards than adults.The THI spatial variation map shows that central and southern regions of the study area have been identified as high health risk areas(THI>3.0)for all age groups.展开更多
Groundwater potential zones were demarcated with the help of remote sensing and Geographic Informa- tion System （GIS） techniques. The study area is composed rocks of Archaean age and chamockite dominated over others...Groundwater potential zones were demarcated with the help of remote sensing and Geographic Informa- tion System （GIS） techniques. The study area is composed rocks of Archaean age and chamockite dominated over others. The parameters considered for identifying the groundwater potential zone of geology slope, drainage density, geomorphic units and lineament density were generated using the resource sat （IRS P6 LISS IV MX） data and survey of India （SO1） toposheets of scale 1：50000 and integrated them with an inverse distance weighted （IDW） model based on GIS data to identify the ground- water potential of the study area. Suitable weightage factors were assigned for each category of these para- meters. For the various geomorphic units, weightage factors were assigned based on their capability to store ground-water. This procedure was repeated for all the other layers and resultant layers were reclassified. The reclassi- fied layers were then combined to demarcate zones as very good, good, moderate, low, and poor. This groundwater potentiality information could be used for effective identification of suitable locations for extraction of potable water for rural populations.展开更多
文摘The study aims to assess the nitrate and fluoride concentration in groundwater and its adverse effects on human health.In 2019,42 groundwater samples were collected from various bore wells within the western Noyyal basin,India.Sodium and chloride are the dominant cation and anion,respectively.The nitrate concentration in groundwater samples varies from 2 to 89 mg/L,of which 33.33%are above the permissible limit of 45 mg/L for drinking water.The fluoride concentration ranges from 0.2 to 2.4 mg/L,with 28.57%of the samples exceeding the safe value of 1.5 mg/L for drinking water.Correlation plots demonstrate that the potential of hydrogen(pH),electrical conductivity(EC),total dissolved solids(TDS),Na^(+)and HCO^(-)_(3)are positively correlated with F^(-),whereas Ca^(2+)is negatively correlated.Mixed Ca-Mg-Cl is the most common water type in the investigated region.The Gibbs diagram demonstrates that the interaction between rock and water impacts the groundwater chemistry.Using the method of the United States Environmental Production Agency(USEPA),this study assesses the non-carcinogenic health risk posed by nitrate and fluoride in different age groups(infants,children,and adults).The values of total hazard index(THI)vary from 0.59 to 10.07(mean=4.76)for infants,0.36 to 6.23(mean=2.95)for children,and 0.19 to 3.32(mean=1.57)for adults.Furthermore,97.62%,92.86%,and 73.81%of the samples surpass the recommended limit(THI=1)for infants,children,and adults,respectively.Thus,the health risk assessment(HRA)indicates that infants and children are more susceptible to noncarcinogenic health hazards than adults.The THI spatial variation map shows that central and southern regions of the study area have been identified as high health risk areas(THI>3.0)for all age groups.
文摘Groundwater potential zones were demarcated with the help of remote sensing and Geographic Informa- tion System （GIS） techniques. The study area is composed rocks of Archaean age and chamockite dominated over others. The parameters considered for identifying the groundwater potential zone of geology slope, drainage density, geomorphic units and lineament density were generated using the resource sat （IRS P6 LISS IV MX） data and survey of India （SO1） toposheets of scale 1：50000 and integrated them with an inverse distance weighted （IDW） model based on GIS data to identify the ground- water potential of the study area. Suitable weightage factors were assigned for each category of these para- meters. For the various geomorphic units, weightage factors were assigned based on their capability to store ground-water. This procedure was repeated for all the other layers and resultant layers were reclassified. The reclassi- fied layers were then combined to demarcate zones as very good, good, moderate, low, and poor. This groundwater potentiality information could be used for effective identification of suitable locations for extraction of potable water for rural populations.
