The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain.Iin this process,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)isthe rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates levodopa(L-dopa)with tetrany...The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain.Iin this process,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)isthe rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates levodopa(L-dopa)with tetranydrobiopterin(BH_(4))as a coenzyme.Here,we show that oral berberine(BBR)might supply H^(·) through dihydroberberine(reduced BBR produced by bacterial nitroreductase)and promote the production of BHl from dihydrobiopterin;the increased BH,enhances TH activity,which accelerates the production of L-dopa by the gut bacteria.Oral BBR acts in a way similar to vitamins.The L-dopa produced by theintestinal bacteria enters the brain through the circulation and is transformed to dopamine.To verify the gut-brain dialog activatedby BBR's effect,Enterococcus foecalis or Enterococcus faecium was transplanted into Parkinson's disease(PD)mice.The bacteriasignificantly increased brain dopamine and ameliorated PD manifestation in mice;additionally,combination of BBR with bacteriashowed better therapeutic effect than that with bacteria alone.Moreover,2,4,6-trimethy-pyranylium tetrafluoroborate(TMP-TFB)-derivatized matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry(MALDI-MS)imaging of dopamine identihed elevated striataldopamine levels in mouse brains with oral Enterococcus,and BBR strengthened the imaging intensity of brain dopamine.Theseresults demonstrated that BBR was an agonist of TH in Enterococcus and could lead to the production of L-dopa in the gut.Furthermore,a study of 28 patients with hyperlipidemia conhrmed that oral BBR increased bloodfecal L-dopa by the intestinalbacteria.Hence,BBR might improve the brain function by upregulating the biosynthesis of-dopa in the gut microbiota through avitamin-like effect.展开更多
The light-matter interaction between plasmonic nanocavity and exciton at the sub-diffraction limit is a central research field in nanophotonics.Here,we demonstrated the vertical distribution of the light-matter intera...The light-matter interaction between plasmonic nanocavity and exciton at the sub-diffraction limit is a central research field in nanophotonics.Here,we demonstrated the vertical distribution of the light-matter interactions at~1 nm spatial resolution by coupling A excitons of MoS2 and gap-mode plasmonic nanocavities.Moreover,we observed the significant photoluminescence(PL)enhancement factor reaching up to 2800 times,which is attributed to the Purcell effect and large local density of states in gap-mode plasmonic nanocavities.Meanwhile,the theoretical calculations are well reproduced and support the experimental results.展开更多
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMSNo.2016-I2M-3-011)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81573493 and 81973290)Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study(Z141102004414062)the Key Project of Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7181007)National Mega-project for Innovative Drugs and the National Megaproject for Innovative Drugs(No.2018ZX09711001-002-002).
文摘The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain.Iin this process,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)isthe rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates levodopa(L-dopa)with tetranydrobiopterin(BH_(4))as a coenzyme.Here,we show that oral berberine(BBR)might supply H^(·) through dihydroberberine(reduced BBR produced by bacterial nitroreductase)and promote the production of BHl from dihydrobiopterin;the increased BH,enhances TH activity,which accelerates the production of L-dopa by the gut bacteria.Oral BBR acts in a way similar to vitamins.The L-dopa produced by theintestinal bacteria enters the brain through the circulation and is transformed to dopamine.To verify the gut-brain dialog activatedby BBR's effect,Enterococcus foecalis or Enterococcus faecium was transplanted into Parkinson's disease(PD)mice.The bacteriasignificantly increased brain dopamine and ameliorated PD manifestation in mice;additionally,combination of BBR with bacteriashowed better therapeutic effect than that with bacteria alone.Moreover,2,4,6-trimethy-pyranylium tetrafluoroborate(TMP-TFB)-derivatized matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry(MALDI-MS)imaging of dopamine identihed elevated striataldopamine levels in mouse brains with oral Enterococcus,and BBR strengthened the imaging intensity of brain dopamine.Theseresults demonstrated that BBR was an agonist of TH in Enterococcus and could lead to the production of L-dopa in the gut.Furthermore,a study of 28 patients with hyperlipidemia conhrmed that oral BBR increased bloodfecal L-dopa by the intestinalbacteria.Hence,BBR might improve the brain function by upregulating the biosynthesis of-dopa in the gut microbiota through avitamin-like effect.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0705400,2020YFB1505800,2019YFD0901100.and 2021YFA12015021.the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21925404,22021001,22002128,21991151,and 92161118).the Science and Technology Planning Project of Fujian Province(2021Y0104).the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of Technology(KF2002 and the“111”Project(B17027).
文摘The light-matter interaction between plasmonic nanocavity and exciton at the sub-diffraction limit is a central research field in nanophotonics.Here,we demonstrated the vertical distribution of the light-matter interactions at~1 nm spatial resolution by coupling A excitons of MoS2 and gap-mode plasmonic nanocavities.Moreover,we observed the significant photoluminescence(PL)enhancement factor reaching up to 2800 times,which is attributed to the Purcell effect and large local density of states in gap-mode plasmonic nanocavities.Meanwhile,the theoretical calculations are well reproduced and support the experimental results.