The Studies on the Grunting of Sows during Nursing and the Sucking Behaviour of Piglets

Two experiments were carried out to study the grunting of sows during nursing and the sucking behaviour of piglets. In experimental Ⅰ,six Yorkshire sows and their litters were observed and managed in farrowing crates.In experimental Ⅱ,six Harbin White sows and their litters were selected and housed in farrowing pens.The behaviours and activities of the sows during nursing and the activities of piglets during sucking were recorded with a portable video camera(Panasonic NV-VX22EN) The results showed that the characteristic patterns of grunting by the sows consist of an initial period of rhythmic grunting at a fairly constant rate and followed by a period of more rapid grunting,and then a decline in grunting rate toward the completion of nursing.The pattern of vocalization showed by the mothers bears a reliable synchronization to the sucking behaviour of the piglets.The rate of grunting varied little during jostling for teat and nosing the udder.The beginning of slow sucking usually occurred during or just after the increase in grunt rate.The rapid sucking began 15～25 seconds after the period of most rapid grunting,following the decrease of grunt rate.afterwards the nursing ended.There were individualities found in sows'grunting patterns. It is found that vocalizations attracted the piglets to the sows and synchronized sucking activities of piglets,but the results indicated that the premassaging time and numbers of piglets engaging massaging influenced the grunting pattern and the onset of the milk ejection.As more piglets were involved the massaging,the higher the grunting rate peak,the faster the milk ejection.

Sex Identification of Red-crowned Crane by the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Sex determining gene primers of Oriental White Stork were used to amplify sex-linked gene of the Red-crowned Crane′s W chromosome-specific by PCR for sex identification. The sexes of 7 couples of grown Red-crowned Cranes and 15 youngs were identified. Through DNA sequence analysis, the identity is 94.77% between Red-crowned Crane and Oriental White Stork. The results of this study suggest that the application of the polymerase chain reaction technique is practicable for determining sex in the Red-crowned Crane.

EXAFS Study on Structure of Sulfided K—Co—Mo Catalysts

Mixed alcohol is of great promise as octane improver in automotive fuel,and hopeful to replace the MTBE to reduce the environmental pollution,In this field,alkali-promted molybdenum-based catalysts have been given special interest because of their excellent sulfur-tolerance for synthesis of mixed alcohol from CO+H2,It was reported that the coblat is a favorable promoter for enhancing alcohol production,especially for improving the selectivity for C2+ alcohol[1-3],moreover,strong interaction between Con and Mo is in favor of mixed alcohol synthesis[4].Recently,we prpared a kind of K-Co-Mo ultrafine particles by sol-gel method and it shows much smaller particle size but higher activty and selectivity toward alcohol formation than the one prepared by conventional method[5],The aim of the present work is to research the micostructures of the Mo and Co species in the K-Co-Mo samples prepared by different method.

Assessment of Negative Training on the Use of Cubicle Beds by Heifers

40 in-calf heifers were observed to examine the effect of timbers placing in passage area on their use of cubicle beds. Prior to the experiment preliminary observation was taken on these 40 heifers and they were divided into two even groups (cubicle user(or control) group versus cubicle refusal (or experimental) group by whether they properly used the cubicle beds or not. The timbers were placed in passage and feeding areas for the cubicle refusal group to force the animls to lie in the cubicle beds. The results of this experiment showed that feeding behaviour was unaffected by the presence of the timbers, but lying acitvity was about 8% higher for the experimental group, which led to a mean of almost 2 hours longer lying time over 24 h. After the timbers were removed, there was a significant decline in lying by the experimental group. The diurnal pattern of lying behaviour in cubicles indicated that the major effect on lying activity exerted by the presence of the timbers was seen during midnight to 10:00 am. Also during this times, the experimental group in the pres-ence of the timbers tended to show more lying in cubicles than control group. At the end of the experiment, 95% of the heifers were found to be correctly using the cubicle beds, and on the negative side three heifers developed a slight injury on their legs or hocks caused by the timber.

全面深入持久开展民族团结进步创建 铸牢中华民族共同体意识

On the momentous occasion of the 7ot anniversary of Hohhot Minzu College's founding,this article offers a comprehensive and objective analysis of the institution's achievements and experiences in promoting national unity and progress.Furthermore,it highlights the necessity and importance of continually fostering ethnic unity and progress in a comprehensive and in-depth manner and strengthening the ideology of a shared Chinese community.