单周多西他赛加顺铂联合三维适形放疗治疗局部晚期食管癌的临床研究(英文)

Objective: This randomized controlled clinical study was to assess and compare the efficacy and safety of two chemoradiotherapy regimens [cisplatin+5-fluorouracil+3 dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and cisplatin+weekly docetaxel+3DCRT] in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: A total of seventy-four patients with clinical stages IIB to IIIB esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were enrolled. Chemotherapy for PF group comprised 5-fluorouracil at days 1-5 (250 mg/m2/d) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) at days 1-3 of every 28-day cycle; full treatment course included 2 cycles. Chemotherapy for DP group comprised docetaxel (20 mg/m2) and cisplatin (20 mg/m2) at days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, and 36. Both groups treated with concurrent 60 Gy 3DCRT at 200 cGy/d. Results: Seventy-four patients were enrolled and 71 completed the planned treatment, with a follow-up rate of 95.94%. Short-term curative effect was not statistically significant between the two groups (P=0.471). The 2-year survival rates were 65.7% and 61.1%, respectively (P=0.806), 5 years survival rates were 34.29% and 27.78%, respectively (P=0.221), and there was no significant difference by Fisher test (P=0.734). As common side effects, incidence rates of radioactive esophagitis and hematological toxicity were lower in DP group. Conclusion: For locally advanced esophageal cancer patients, current chemoradiotherapy with chemotherapy regimen of weekly docetaxel plus cisplatin has equal curative effect with 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin, but well-tolerated by reducing side effects such as radioactive esophagitis and bone marrow suppression.

高能聚束微波热疗联合沙培林胸腔注射治疗恶性胸水(英文)

Objective:The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of high power focused-beam microwave hyperthermia with intrapleural injection of Shapeilin for patients with malignant hydrothorax.Methods:Fifty-eight patients with malignant hydrothorax were divided into group A and group B randomly.All patients underwent indwelling pleural catheter and were treated by intrapleural injection of Shapeilin once three days.Treatment was composed of 3 times injection.Patients of group B received high power focused-beam microwave hyperthermia after injection of Shapeilin.Results:The response rate of group B(79.3%) was higher than that of group A(48.3%)(P < 0.05).Incidence of main adverse reactions,associated with Shapeilin,of two groups including fever and thoracodynia were similar(P > 0.05).Patients of group B didn't encounter severe toxicities of microwave hyperthermia.Conclusion:High power focused-beam microwave hyperthermia combined with intrapleural injection of Shapeilin is effective and tolerable for patients with malignant hydrothorax.

Transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma

Objective Typically,the transcranial approach has been used for the treatment of craniopharyngiomas with suprasellar extension,whereas the transsphenoidal approach has been used mostly for infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma.Total resection of craniopharyngioma can reduce the recurrence rate,especially in young children,but it may lead to severe complications.Therefore,any benefit of the degree of resection must be weighed against the risk of complications by the surgeons.The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic outcome after transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma and share our experiences.Methods Between January 2003 and June 2013,30 patients with infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma underwent transsphenoidal microsurgical resection in our hospital.The neurological,visual,and endocrine functions,and extent of resection were analyzed retrospectively.Recurrence or growth of residual tumor tissue during follow-up was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Results Total resection was achieved in 25 patients(83.3%),subtotal resection was achieved in 4 patients(13.3%),and partial resection was achieved in 1 patient(3.4%).There were no perioperative deaths.Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) leakage occurred in 6 patients,and among them,2 required surgical repair of the sella.New-onset postoperative diabetes insipidus(DI) developed in 8 patients.Vision and visual fields were improved at different levels in 13 out of 16 patients who had sight impediments before treatment.Tumor recurrence and regrowth was observed in 2 patients;1 patient underwent transsphenoidal reoperation,the condition of the other patient who had undergone several craniotomies grew worse over the 6-month follow-up period.Conclusion Transsphenoidal surgery is an ideal choice in treating infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma.The transsphenoidal approach,which preserves pituitary function and avoids damage to the hypothalamic structures and optic nerve,is associated with fewer complications than the transcranial approach and a low mortality rate.

Determining the efficacy of vitamin B12 mixed oral liquid in the treatment of radiation-induced esophagitis

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin B12 mixed oral liquid in the treatment of radiation-induced esophagitis in patients with esophageal cancer.Methods Seventy-five patients with esophageal cancer who met the enrollment criteria were randomly divided into the vitamin B12 mixed oral liquid group(39 patients in the study group)and the gentamicin mixed oral liquid group(36 patients in the control group).The effects of the two treatment methods on esophagitis grading,pain degree,body weight loss,and Karnofsky performance status(KPS)score in patients with radiation esophagitis were observed.Results In the control group,grade 1 radiation esophagitis accounted for 27.8%of the total patients,grade 2 accounted for 41.7%,and grades 3 and 4 accounted for 30.6%.In the vitamin B12 treatment group,grade 1 radiation esophagitis accounted for 66.7%of the total patients,grade 2 accounted for 25.6%,and grades 3 and 4 accounted for 7.7%;there was a significant difference between the vitamin B12 treatment group and control group(P<0.01).Similarly,pain caused by radiation esophagitis was significantly improved in the vitamin B12 group compared with the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the average weight loss of the control group was(2.18±0.36)kg,while that of the vitamin B12 treatment group was(0.90±0.43)kg(P<0.05).The KPS scores of the vitamin B12 group were higher than those of the control group,which were 86.2±1.2 and 85.6±1.5,respectively,but there was no statistical difference(P>0.05).Conclusion Vitamin B12 mixed oral liquid can effectively reduce the severity of radiation esophagitis,relieve pain,improve patients’quality of life,and increase treatment compliance.

Meningeal melanocytoma in the cerebellopontine angle:A rare case report and review of the literature

Primary meningeal melanocytoma(MM)in the cerebellopontine angle(CPA)region is an extremely rare neoplasm that originates from the melanocytes in the leptomeninges.These lesions are usually misdiagnosed as they mimic other common CPA lesions through their nonspecific presenting symptoms,signs,and radiological characteristics.Here,we report a 47-year-old Chinese female patient who presented with a 1-month history of the right-sided tongue numbness and 1-week history of the right-sided face numbness that had been worsening for 2 days.The tumor,in the right CPA region,showed a slight isointensity on T1-weighted image and mixed signal intensity on T2-weighted image.The clinical presentation,surgical treatment,and pathologic characteristics were determined.The tumor was microsurgically resected and gross-total resection was achieved.The tumor revealed a solid,capsulated,brown-black lesion.Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were positive for human melanoma black-45(HMB-45),melanoma antigen(MelanA),S100,SOX10,and BRAF,confirming the final diagnosis of meningeal melanocytoma.Ultimately,no signs of radiological local recurrence were observed during the two-year follow-up.Collectively,meningeal melanocytoma is difficult to distinguish from common tumors in the CPA region before operation due to the lack of specificity in imaging and symptoms.Complete surgical resection is the best therapeutic option for this tumor.Although the tumor is commonly considered as a benign lesion,recurrence and metastasis are common,and pathogenesis remains unclear.

Generation and Discharge of Pollutants in Closed Aquaculture

[Objectives]To gain an in-depth understanding of pollutant generation and discharge from closed aquaculture.[Methods]In 2018,the pollutant generation and discharge coefficients of 7 farming modes in 16 farming bases were calculated and analyzed.[Results]A total of 28 pollutant generation coefficients and 28 pollutant discharge coefficients were obtained,and the generation and discharge of pollutants in closed aquaculture were grasped preliminarily.Compared with the data of the first census of pollutions sources published by the state in 2008,7 kinds of pollution generation coefficients increased,while 14 kinds decreased;and 4 kinds of pollutant discharge coefficients increased,while 17 kinds decreased.[Conclusions]In recent years,the pollutant generation and discharge coefficients of aquaculture show a decreasing trend.

MoS_(2)/MoO_(2) nanosheets anchored on carbon cloth for high-performance magnesium-and sodium-ion storage

Developing new types of rechargeable metal-ion batteries beyond lithium-ions,including alkaline ion(such as Na+,K+)and multivalent ion(such as Mg 2+,Zn 2+,Ca 2+and Al 3+)batteries,is progressing quickly towards large-scale energy storage systems.However,the major obstacle to their large-scale applications has been a lack of appropriate electrode materials with reversible metal ions insertion/extraction be-havior,resulting in inferior electrochemical performance.Here we develop a well-designed MoS_(2)/MoO_(2) hybrid nanosheets anchored on carbon cloth(MoS_(2)/MoO_(2)/CC)as electrode materials.This rational de-sign can effectively shorten ion diffusion distance,increase electric conductivity of the electrode,and buffer volume change.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of structural and compositional features,the MoS_(2)/MoO_(2)/CC electrode exhibits high initial reversible capacities(326 mA h g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1) in magnesium-ion storage;1270 mA h g^(−1) at 0.1 A g^(−1) in sodium-ion storage),excellent rate capacities(57 mA h g^(−1) at 10 A g^(−1) in magnesium-ion storage;335 mA h g^(−1) at 5 A g^(−1) in sodium-ion storage)and long-term cycling stability(105 mA h g^(−1) after 600 cycle at 1 A g^(−1) in magnesium-ion storage;208 mA h g^(−1) after 600 cycles at 5 A g^(−1) in sodium-ion storage).We expect that the multi-engineering strategy will provide some valuable insights for the development of other advanced electrode materials for high-performance metal-ion batteries.

FeBO_(3) as a low cost and high-performance anode material for sodium-ion batteries

The research of borate materials as sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) anode is still in the early stages,but the boron polyoxoanions are attracting intense interest due to their low atomic weight and high electronegative features.In this work,FeBO_(3) was prepared with low-cost raw materials and evaluated as SIBs anode.The FeBO_(3) shows a high reversible capacity of 328 mAh/g at the current density of 0.4 A/g.In addition,the electrochemical performance of FeBO_(3) can be improved by carbon coating.The prepared carbon-coated FeBO_(3) composite has a reversible capacity of 426 mAh/g(at 0.4 A/g) and an outstanding rate capability of 272 mAh/g(at 1.6 A/g).Furthermore,the sodium storage mechanism of FeBO_(3) was studied by in-situ XRD and ex-situ XPS.

Diagnostic assays for COVID-19:a narrative review

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a newly emerged infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).The number of COVID-19 cases is continuously increasing and no effective drugs or vaccines are currently available.Accurate and efficient diagnostic testing methods are desperately needed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and antiviral antibodies in infected individuals.Various assay techniques,including nucleic acid tests[eg,polymerase chain reaction(PCR),reverse transcription-PCR,real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification,and CRISPR-Cas-based detection],serological tests[eg,immunoglobulin(Ig)A,IgM/G],imaging tests(eg,computed tomography and positron-emission tomography),and nanoparticle-based detections have been reported for COVID-19 diagnosis.This review aims to present the current diagnostic tools for SARS-CoV-2 and their performance characteristics to inform the appropriate selection of diagnostic and surveillance technologies at optimal testing times.We also describe the advantages of detection using combined nucleic acid and imaging tests,or serological testing and point-of-care diagnostics.Developing reliable protein biomarkers targeting the conserved proteins of SARS-CoV-2 rather than IgA,IgM,or IgG would be useful to manage SARS-CoV-2.