创业型院校模式比较及对我国高职院校的启示

创业型院校的发展取得成功吸引了众多高等院校和学者的关注和研究,伯顿·克拉克和亨利·埃茨科维茨通过不同的院校案例研究总结了两种创业型院校模式。两种模式既有共同点也有区别,共同点实质上就是创业型院校的本质特征。以学术研究为出发点、与社会建立更加紧密的联系和来自社会的办学经费所占比例较高等这些本质特征应该是我国高职院校的未来发展方向,并在发展策略上积极借鉴欧洲创业型院校的经验,采取"自上而下"的创业方式,通过高度聚焦来自社会的办学经费比例的提升促进高职院校的教育教学改革和内涵建设。

Evolutionary divergence of subgenomes in common carp provides insights into speciation and allopolyploid success

Hybridization and polyploidization have made great contributions to speciation,heterosis,and agricultural production within plants,but there is still limited understanding and utilization in animals.Subgenome structure and expression reorganization and cooperation post hybridization and polyploidization are essential for speciation and allopolyploid success.However,the mechanisms have not yet been comprehensively assessed in animals.Here,we produced a high-fidelity reference genome sequence for common carp,a typical allotetraploid fish species cultured worldwide.This genome enabled in-depth analysis of the evolution of subgenome architecture and expression responses.Most genes were expressed with subgenome biases,with a trend of transition from the expression of subgenome A during the early stages to that of subgenome B during the late stages of embryonic development.While subgenome A evolved more rapidly,subgenome B contributed to a greater level of expression during development and under stressful conditions.Stable dominant patterns for homoeologous gene pairs both during development and under thermal stress suggest a potential fixed heterosis in the allotetraploid genome.Preferentially expressing either copy of a homoeologous gene at higher levels to confer development and response to stress indicates the dominant effect of heterosis.The plasticity of subgenomes and their shifting of dominant expression during early development,and in response to stressful conditions,provide novel insights into the molecular basis of the successful speciation,evolution,and heterosis of the allotetraploid common carp.

Population structure and genome‑wide evolutionary signatures reveal putative climate‑driven habitat change and local adaptation in the large yellow croaker

The large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea)is one of the most economically valuable marine fsh in China and is a notable species in ecological studies owing to a serious collapse of wild germplasm in the past few decades.The stock division and species distribution,which have important implications for ecological protection,germplasm recovery,and fshery resource management,have been debated since the 1960s.However,it is still uncertain even how many stocks exist in this species.To address this,we evaluated the fne-scale genetic structure of large yellow croaker populations distributed along the eastern and southern Chinese coastline based on 7.64 million SNP markers.Compared with the widely accepted stock boundaries proposed in the 1960s,our results revealed that a climate-driven habitat change probably occurred between the Naozhou(Nanhai)Stock and the Ming-Yuedong(Mindong)Stock.The boundary between these two stocks might have shifted northwards from the Pearl River Estuary to the northern area of the Taiwan Strait,accompanied by highly asymmetric introgression.In addition,we found divergent landscapes of natural selection between the stocks inhabiting northern and southern areas.The northern population exhibited highly agminated signatures of strong natural selection in genes related to developmental processes,whereas moderate and interspersed selective signatures were detected in many immune-related genes in the southern populations.These fndings establish the stock status and genome-wide evolutionary landscapes of large yellow croaker,providing a basis for conservation,fsheries management and further evolutionary biology studies.

Rhodium(Ⅲ)-catalyzed chemodivergent annulations between phenyloxazoles and diazos via C-H activation

Acid-controlled,chemodivergent and redox-neutral annulations for the synthesis of isocoumarins and isoquinolinones have been realized via Rh(Ⅲ)-cataIyzed C—H activation.Diazo compounds act as a carbene precursor,and coupling occurs in one-pot process,where adipic acid and trimethylacetic acid promote chemodivergent cyclizations.

A Transition-Metal-Free Synthesis of Multisubstituted Imidazoles

A novel and simple t-BuOLi/I2-mediated synthesis of 1,2,4-trisubstituted imidazoles was developed without transition-metal added. The transition-metal-free strategy tolerated a range of sdbstrates and provided products in moderate to good yields with 100% regioselectivity.

Cu（I）-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles from 2-lodoanilines and Amides

A novel and efficient approach to the synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles has been developed via CuI/DMEDA-catalyzed coupling reaction and post-cyclization with glacial acetic acid from readily available 2-iodoanilines and amides. This method is suitable for the construction of a variety of benzimidazoles in moderate to good yields under short reaction times.

Synthesis of 1,2,4-Triazine Compounds via Two Distinct One-Pot Domino Protocols

1,2,4-Triazine compounds were synthesized via two coupled domino strategies employing simple and readily available arylacetaldehydes/arylethyl alcohols as starting materials. The reactions proceed smoothly in one pot with the advantages of high functional groups tolerance, being transition metal-free, and employing environmentally friendly oxidants such as I2 and IBX. nroviding, access to the desired 1,2,4-triazine products in excellent yields.