Exosomes are 60–120 nm diameter double-membrane lipid organelles discharged by cells.Various studies have shown that exosomes exert multiple functions in both physical and diseased processes,such as intercellular inf...Exosomes are 60–120 nm diameter double-membrane lipid organelles discharged by cells.Various studies have shown that exosomes exert multiple functions in both physical and diseased processes,such as intercellular information exchange,immune response,and disease progression.Repeated chronic injury to the liver often leads to inflammation and liver fibrosis(LF),a disorder that,if unchecked,may progress to cirrhosis,liver failure,portal hypertension,and even hepatocellular carcinoma.As an essential component of host innate immunity against pathogen invasion,macrophages play an important role in modulating inflammation homeostasis by finely tuning the polarization process of macrophages into either M1 or M2 subtypes in response to different microenvironments.As a critical contributor to the inflammation process,macrophages also play a complex and instrumental function in the progression of LF.This review focuses on recent advancements in the role of macrophage-associated exosomes implicated in LF,including macrophage-released exosomes and macrophage-targeted exosomes.In addition,the progress made in exosomebased antifibrotic therapy by in vivo and in vitro studies is also highlighted.展开更多
基金CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine:CAMS-2021-I2M-1-060National Key Research and Development Program of China:2018YFE0107500+3 种基金Science and Technology Partnership Program,Ministry of Science and Technology of China:KY201904011Qin Chuang Yuan recruited highlevel innovation and entrepreneurship talents project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province:QCYRCXM-2022-56Foreign Expert Service Project of Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province:2023 WGZJ-YB-39Medical Research project of Xi’an Science and Technology Bureau:22YXYJ0120.
文摘Exosomes are 60–120 nm diameter double-membrane lipid organelles discharged by cells.Various studies have shown that exosomes exert multiple functions in both physical and diseased processes,such as intercellular information exchange,immune response,and disease progression.Repeated chronic injury to the liver often leads to inflammation and liver fibrosis(LF),a disorder that,if unchecked,may progress to cirrhosis,liver failure,portal hypertension,and even hepatocellular carcinoma.As an essential component of host innate immunity against pathogen invasion,macrophages play an important role in modulating inflammation homeostasis by finely tuning the polarization process of macrophages into either M1 or M2 subtypes in response to different microenvironments.As a critical contributor to the inflammation process,macrophages also play a complex and instrumental function in the progression of LF.This review focuses on recent advancements in the role of macrophage-associated exosomes implicated in LF,including macrophage-released exosomes and macrophage-targeted exosomes.In addition,the progress made in exosomebased antifibrotic therapy by in vivo and in vitro studies is also highlighted.
