Human gut microbiome is a major source of human bacterial population and a significant contribution to both positive and harmful effects.Due to its involvement in a variety of interactions,gut microorganisms have a gr...Human gut microbiome is a major source of human bacterial population and a significant contribution to both positive and harmful effects.Due to its involvement in a variety of interactions,gut microorganisms have a great impact on our health throughout our lives.The impact of gut microbial population is been studied intensively in last two decades.Extensive literature survey focusing developments in the field were searched in English language Electronic Databases like PubMed,Google Scholar,Pubag,Google books,and Research Gate were mostly used to understand the role of human gut mirobiome and its role in different human diseases.Gut microbiome in healthy subjects differs from those who suffer from diseases.Type 2 diabetes,obesity,non-alcoholic liver disease,and cardiometabolic diseases have all been linked to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.Pathogenesis of many disorders is also linked to changes in gut microbiota.Other diseases like cancer,arithritis,autism,depression,anxiety,sleep disorder,HIV,hypertension,and gout are also related to gut microbiota dysbiosis.We focus in this review on recent studies looking into the link between gut microbiome dysbiosis and disease etiology.Research on how gut microbiota affects host metabolism has been changed in past decades from descriptive analyses to high throughput integrative omics data analysis such as metagenomics and metabolomics.Identification of molecular mechanisms behind reported associations is been carried out in human,animals,and cells for measure of host physiology and mechanics.Still many the mechanisms are not completely understood.展开更多
Antimicrobials are frequently used in both humans and animals for the treatment of bacterially-generated ill-nesses.Antibiotic usage has increased for more than 40%from last 15 years globally per day in both human pop...Antimicrobials are frequently used in both humans and animals for the treatment of bacterially-generated ill-nesses.Antibiotic usage has increased for more than 40%from last 15 years globally per day in both human populations and farm animals leading to the large-scale discharge of antibiotic residues into wastewater.Most antibiotics end up in sewer systems,either directly from industry or healthcare systems,or indirectly from hu-mans and animals after being partially metabolized or broken down following consumption.To prevent additional antibiotic compound pollution,which eventually impacts on the spread of antibiotic resistance,it is crucial to remove antibiotic residues from wastewater.Antibiotic accumulation and antibiotic resistance genes cannot be effectively and efficiently eliminated by conventional sewage treatment plants.Because of their high energy requirements and operating costs,many of the available technologies are not feasible.However,the biosorp-tion method,which uses low-cost biomass as the biosorbent,is an alternative technique to potentially address these problems.An extensive literature survey focusing on developments in the field was conducted using En-glish language electronic databases,such as PubMed,Google Scholar,Pubag,Google books,and ResearchGate,to understand the relative value of the available antibiotic removal methods.The predominant techniques for eliminating antibiotic residues from wastewater were categorized and defined by example.The approaches were contrasted,and the benefits and drawbacks were highlighted.Additionally,we included a few antibiotics whose removal from aquatic environments has been the subject of extensive research.Lastly,a few representative pub-lications were identified that provide specific information on the removal rates attained by each technique.This review provides evidence that biosorption of antibiotic residues from biological waste using natural biosorbent materials is an affordable and effective technique for eliminating antibiotic residues from wastewater.展开更多
文摘Human gut microbiome is a major source of human bacterial population and a significant contribution to both positive and harmful effects.Due to its involvement in a variety of interactions,gut microorganisms have a great impact on our health throughout our lives.The impact of gut microbial population is been studied intensively in last two decades.Extensive literature survey focusing developments in the field were searched in English language Electronic Databases like PubMed,Google Scholar,Pubag,Google books,and Research Gate were mostly used to understand the role of human gut mirobiome and its role in different human diseases.Gut microbiome in healthy subjects differs from those who suffer from diseases.Type 2 diabetes,obesity,non-alcoholic liver disease,and cardiometabolic diseases have all been linked to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota.Pathogenesis of many disorders is also linked to changes in gut microbiota.Other diseases like cancer,arithritis,autism,depression,anxiety,sleep disorder,HIV,hypertension,and gout are also related to gut microbiota dysbiosis.We focus in this review on recent studies looking into the link between gut microbiome dysbiosis and disease etiology.Research on how gut microbiota affects host metabolism has been changed in past decades from descriptive analyses to high throughput integrative omics data analysis such as metagenomics and metabolomics.Identification of molecular mechanisms behind reported associations is been carried out in human,animals,and cells for measure of host physiology and mechanics.Still many the mechanisms are not completely understood.
文摘Antimicrobials are frequently used in both humans and animals for the treatment of bacterially-generated ill-nesses.Antibiotic usage has increased for more than 40%from last 15 years globally per day in both human populations and farm animals leading to the large-scale discharge of antibiotic residues into wastewater.Most antibiotics end up in sewer systems,either directly from industry or healthcare systems,or indirectly from hu-mans and animals after being partially metabolized or broken down following consumption.To prevent additional antibiotic compound pollution,which eventually impacts on the spread of antibiotic resistance,it is crucial to remove antibiotic residues from wastewater.Antibiotic accumulation and antibiotic resistance genes cannot be effectively and efficiently eliminated by conventional sewage treatment plants.Because of their high energy requirements and operating costs,many of the available technologies are not feasible.However,the biosorp-tion method,which uses low-cost biomass as the biosorbent,is an alternative technique to potentially address these problems.An extensive literature survey focusing on developments in the field was conducted using En-glish language electronic databases,such as PubMed,Google Scholar,Pubag,Google books,and ResearchGate,to understand the relative value of the available antibiotic removal methods.The predominant techniques for eliminating antibiotic residues from wastewater were categorized and defined by example.The approaches were contrasted,and the benefits and drawbacks were highlighted.Additionally,we included a few antibiotics whose removal from aquatic environments has been the subject of extensive research.Lastly,a few representative pub-lications were identified that provide specific information on the removal rates attained by each technique.This review provides evidence that biosorption of antibiotic residues from biological waste using natural biosorbent materials is an affordable and effective technique for eliminating antibiotic residues from wastewater.
