Objective: This study investigated intrahemispheric and interhemispheric EEG coherences as a function of age in girls with different DSM-IV subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). It completes a ...Objective: This study investigated intrahemispheric and interhemispheric EEG coherences as a function of age in girls with different DSM-IV subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). It completes a series of 3 studies aimed at clarifying developmental and gender impacts on the coupling between brain regions in this disorder. Methods: Three groups of 40 children (AD/HD combined type, AD/HD inattentive type, and normal controls) participated. Each group contained 8 females in each of 5, 1-year age bands from 8 to 12 years. EEG was recorded from 21 sites during an eyesclosed resting condition. Wave-shape cohere nce was calculated for 8 intrahemispheric electrode pairs (4 in each hemisphere) , and 8 interhemispheric electrode pairs, within each of the delta, theta, alpha and beta bands. Results: Developmental effects in intrahemispheric coherences a t shorter and longer inter-electrode distances were not as predicted by Thatche r’s two-compartment model, contrary to previous findings in boys. Females with AD/HD showed evidence of developmental delay and widespread anomalous elevation s in coherence. Girls with AD/HD of the combined type showed similar but greater anomalies than girls with AD/HD of the inattentive type. Conclusions: Girls wit h AD/HD show coherence anomalies relative to age-and gender-matched controls, which differ substantially from those shown by boys with AD/HD. These coherence anomalies did not differ in nature between girls with different DSM-IV subtypes of AD/HD, suggesting that subtype differences in girls reflect only symptom sev erity. Significance: The data reported here indicate qualitative differences in EEG coherences in girls with AD/HD compared with controls, and quantitative diff erences between girls with different subtypes of AD/HD. Both sets of effects dif fer in nature from those previously found in boys with AD/HD, showing the need t o carefully consider gender in future studies of AD/HD.展开更多
Background/aims: To assess the current level of under-registration of blindne ss and partial sight among patients attending a large teaching hospital, and to determine any risk factors for under-registration. Methods:...Background/aims: To assess the current level of under-registration of blindne ss and partial sight among patients attending a large teaching hospital, and to determine any risk factors for under-registration. Methods: Medical records of all patients attending general ophthalmology outpatient clinics over a 3 month p eriod were included in a retrospective analysis of registration rates; questionn aire survey assessing the level of knowledge of registration practices among 35 ophthalmologists working in theWest Midlands. Results: 146/2161 (7%) patients w ere eligible for blind or partial sight registration, or were in possession of a completed BD8 form. Of these 146 patients, 65 (45%) were unregistered with 18 fulfilling the criteria for blind and 47 for partially sight. In addition, 32/81 (40%) registered patients appeared to have been inappropriately registered. Pa rtially sighted patients were more likely to be unregistered than blind patients (OR 2.31, 95%CI 1.15 to 4.63, p=0187), and patients from ethnic minorities wer e more than three times more likely to be unregistered than white patients (OR 3 .23, 95%CI 1.56 to 6.65, p=0.0015). A patient with a treatable condition was mo re likely to be unregistered than a patient with an unbeatable condition (OR 4.8 7, 95%CI 2.10 to 11.33, p=0.0002). The overall level of knowledge of registrati on practices among doctors was found to be low and there was no indication of in creasing knowledge with increasing experience. Conclusions: There has been littl e improvement in registration rates of visually impaired patients over the past decade. Ophthalmologists lack the necessary knowledge to cater for visually impa ired patients’needs.展开更多
文摘Objective: This study investigated intrahemispheric and interhemispheric EEG coherences as a function of age in girls with different DSM-IV subtypes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). It completes a series of 3 studies aimed at clarifying developmental and gender impacts on the coupling between brain regions in this disorder. Methods: Three groups of 40 children (AD/HD combined type, AD/HD inattentive type, and normal controls) participated. Each group contained 8 females in each of 5, 1-year age bands from 8 to 12 years. EEG was recorded from 21 sites during an eyesclosed resting condition. Wave-shape cohere nce was calculated for 8 intrahemispheric electrode pairs (4 in each hemisphere) , and 8 interhemispheric electrode pairs, within each of the delta, theta, alpha and beta bands. Results: Developmental effects in intrahemispheric coherences a t shorter and longer inter-electrode distances were not as predicted by Thatche r’s two-compartment model, contrary to previous findings in boys. Females with AD/HD showed evidence of developmental delay and widespread anomalous elevation s in coherence. Girls with AD/HD of the combined type showed similar but greater anomalies than girls with AD/HD of the inattentive type. Conclusions: Girls wit h AD/HD show coherence anomalies relative to age-and gender-matched controls, which differ substantially from those shown by boys with AD/HD. These coherence anomalies did not differ in nature between girls with different DSM-IV subtypes of AD/HD, suggesting that subtype differences in girls reflect only symptom sev erity. Significance: The data reported here indicate qualitative differences in EEG coherences in girls with AD/HD compared with controls, and quantitative diff erences between girls with different subtypes of AD/HD. Both sets of effects dif fer in nature from those previously found in boys with AD/HD, showing the need t o carefully consider gender in future studies of AD/HD.
文摘Background/aims: To assess the current level of under-registration of blindne ss and partial sight among patients attending a large teaching hospital, and to determine any risk factors for under-registration. Methods: Medical records of all patients attending general ophthalmology outpatient clinics over a 3 month p eriod were included in a retrospective analysis of registration rates; questionn aire survey assessing the level of knowledge of registration practices among 35 ophthalmologists working in theWest Midlands. Results: 146/2161 (7%) patients w ere eligible for blind or partial sight registration, or were in possession of a completed BD8 form. Of these 146 patients, 65 (45%) were unregistered with 18 fulfilling the criteria for blind and 47 for partially sight. In addition, 32/81 (40%) registered patients appeared to have been inappropriately registered. Pa rtially sighted patients were more likely to be unregistered than blind patients (OR 2.31, 95%CI 1.15 to 4.63, p=0187), and patients from ethnic minorities wer e more than three times more likely to be unregistered than white patients (OR 3 .23, 95%CI 1.56 to 6.65, p=0.0015). A patient with a treatable condition was mo re likely to be unregistered than a patient with an unbeatable condition (OR 4.8 7, 95%CI 2.10 to 11.33, p=0.0002). The overall level of knowledge of registrati on practices among doctors was found to be low and there was no indication of in creasing knowledge with increasing experience. Conclusions: There has been littl e improvement in registration rates of visually impaired patients over the past decade. Ophthalmologists lack the necessary knowledge to cater for visually impa ired patients’needs.
