Objective: To investigate the improved antitrypanocidal activity and toxicity of diminazene aceturate modified Nano drug in experimental rats. Methods: Aqueous leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolens was used to reduce gold...Objective: To investigate the improved antitrypanocidal activity and toxicity of diminazene aceturate modified Nano drug in experimental rats. Methods: Aqueous leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolens was used to reduce gold tetrachloride to its nanoparticle size and this was characterized and formulates with naturally synthesized polyhydroxybutyrateas a Nano carrier. A total of thirty (30) albino rats were group into 6 (A-F) of 5 rats each & infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL of the inoculum containing about 1×103 Trypanosoma brucei brucei parasites per 0.2 mL of blood. Groups A and B were treated with 3 and 6 minutes released orange PHB, Groups C and D were treated with 15 and 30 minutes released mango PHB formulated tablet while Groups E and F were negative (untreated) and standard drug (Dininazene aceturare) respectively. Results: The free drug and modified orange synthesized polyhydroxy butyrate shows antitrypanocidal activities by reducing the replicating rate of the parasite as compared to infect untreated. While the modified- mango synthesized shows increasing order of replication. There were significant increases in all the haematological parameter evaluated in the infected treated groups compared to infect untreated. But no significant difference (P<0.05) observed in the Catalase activity in the serum and liver of all the groups whereas, the modified orange synthesized shows significant decrease in other enzymes activities evaluated when compared with the free drug, mango synthesized and the infected untreated groups. Conclusion: Orange synthesized modified diminazene aceturate show efficacy as free drug with limited toxicity that can enhance the therapeutic.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of total alkaloids extracted from the leaf of Tamarindus indica (T. indica) in rats. Methods:Acetic acid-induced pain and egg albumin-induced...Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of total alkaloids extracted from the leaf of Tamarindus indica (T. indica) in rats. Methods:Acetic acid-induced pain and egg albumin-induced inflammation were used to inspect the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the crude and alkaloidal extracts of T. indica at doses of 40 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Sodium diclofenac was used as the control drug. Results:The percentage yields of crude methanol and alkaloidal extracts of T. indicawere 2.85% and 0.98%, respectively. Screening of secondary metabolite of the crude extract revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, phenols and terpenes, while phlobatannins was not detected. The safe dose and LD50 were 400 and 750 mg/kg for crude methanol extract, respectively, while the safe dose and LD50 of alkaloidal extract were 40 and 57 mg/kg, respectively. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of crude methanol extract and alkaloid extract of T. indica were significantly (P < 0.05) different from those of control rats. The standard drug (sodium diclofenac), crude extract and alkaloidal extract showed percentage inhibition of 89.36%, 53.92% and 81.37% in paw edema, respectively. Conclusions:The results obtained indicated that the crude and alkaloidal extracts of the plant exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, thus, supporting its folkloric use for the treatment of these conditions.展开更多
Objective:To identify the active ingredients presented in methanol extract of Senna occidentalis(S.occidentalis).Methods:Dried powdered leaves of S.occidentalis were extracted with methanol by Soxhlet extraction and t...Objective:To identify the active ingredients presented in methanol extract of Senna occidentalis(S.occidentalis).Methods:Dried powdered leaves of S.occidentalis were extracted with methanol by Soxhlet extraction and the extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening by using standard procedure and methods.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)analysis was performed by comprising a GC-MS(model:QP2010 Plus Shimadzu,Japan)comprising an AOC-20i auto-sampler and gas-chromatograph interfaced to a mass spectrometer.Results:The phytochemical study revealed the presence of tannins,alkaloids,glycoside,flavonoids,steroids,saponins,anthraquinones and phlobatannins while cardiac glycoside was not detected.GC-MS chromatogram showed nine peaks.A total of 31 compounds were identified when the mass spectra of the constituents was compared with the National Institute Standard and Technology library.The first compounds identified with less retention time(15.929 s)were n-hexadecanoic acid,octadecanoic acid and pentadecanoic acid while decanoic acid,decyl ester,ether,octadecyl vinyl,oleic acid,hexyl ester,stearic acid,octadecyl ester and decyl fluoride took the longest retention time(20.600 s)for identification.Conclusions:The presence of these compounds in the plant extract may at least be responsible for one of the pharmacological properties of S.occidentalis and thus could be of considerable interest to the development of new drugs.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the haematopoetic effect of methanol extract of Nigerian honey bee propolis in mice.Methods:Fifteen white Albino mice were grouped into 3(A-C)of 5 animals each.Group A mice serve as control gr...Objective:To investigate the haematopoetic effect of methanol extract of Nigerian honey bee propolis in mice.Methods:Fifteen white Albino mice were grouped into 3(A-C)of 5 animals each.Group A mice serve as control group,while groups B and C received 300 and 600 mL/kg of honey bee propolis respectively,for 21 days.The haematological parameters were determined using the automated haematologic analyzer Sysmex kx21,(product of Sysmex Corporation,Japan)using standard techniques.The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the level of significance was at P<0.05.Acute oral toxicity study was conducted to determine it's safety on acute exposure.Results;Results showed significant(P<0.05)dose dependent elevations in platelate count,mean platelate volume,plateletecrit,platelete distribution weight,white blood cells,granulocyte count,lymphocytes and mid cell total count.The extract however produce no significantly(P>0.05)alteration to the erythrocytic indices like red blood cells,haematocrite,haemoglobin,mean corpuscular haemoglobin,mean corpuscular volume and red cell distribution width,but increase mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in dose related fashion.Acute oral toxicity showed the extract to be relatively safe at a high dose on acute exposure.However,21-days of treatment with the extract do neither increase nor decrease the body weight of the mice.Conclusions:Administration of methanol extract of Nigerian honey bee propolis in mice at the doses investigated has brought about leucopoietic and thrombopoietic changes without any significant effect on red blood cells and factors that relate to it,except for the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration.展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate the improved antitrypanocidal activity and toxicity of diminazene aceturate modified Nano drug in experimental rats. Methods: Aqueous leaf extract of Hyptis suaveolens was used to reduce gold tetrachloride to its nanoparticle size and this was characterized and formulates with naturally synthesized polyhydroxybutyrateas a Nano carrier. A total of thirty (30) albino rats were group into 6 (A-F) of 5 rats each & infected intraperitoneally with 0.2 mL of the inoculum containing about 1×103 Trypanosoma brucei brucei parasites per 0.2 mL of blood. Groups A and B were treated with 3 and 6 minutes released orange PHB, Groups C and D were treated with 15 and 30 minutes released mango PHB formulated tablet while Groups E and F were negative (untreated) and standard drug (Dininazene aceturare) respectively. Results: The free drug and modified orange synthesized polyhydroxy butyrate shows antitrypanocidal activities by reducing the replicating rate of the parasite as compared to infect untreated. While the modified- mango synthesized shows increasing order of replication. There were significant increases in all the haematological parameter evaluated in the infected treated groups compared to infect untreated. But no significant difference (P<0.05) observed in the Catalase activity in the serum and liver of all the groups whereas, the modified orange synthesized shows significant decrease in other enzymes activities evaluated when compared with the free drug, mango synthesized and the infected untreated groups. Conclusion: Orange synthesized modified diminazene aceturate show efficacy as free drug with limited toxicity that can enhance the therapeutic.
文摘Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of total alkaloids extracted from the leaf of Tamarindus indica (T. indica) in rats. Methods:Acetic acid-induced pain and egg albumin-induced inflammation were used to inspect the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of the crude and alkaloidal extracts of T. indica at doses of 40 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Sodium diclofenac was used as the control drug. Results:The percentage yields of crude methanol and alkaloidal extracts of T. indicawere 2.85% and 0.98%, respectively. Screening of secondary metabolite of the crude extract revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, phenols and terpenes, while phlobatannins was not detected. The safe dose and LD50 were 400 and 750 mg/kg for crude methanol extract, respectively, while the safe dose and LD50 of alkaloidal extract were 40 and 57 mg/kg, respectively. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of crude methanol extract and alkaloid extract of T. indica were significantly (P < 0.05) different from those of control rats. The standard drug (sodium diclofenac), crude extract and alkaloidal extract showed percentage inhibition of 89.36%, 53.92% and 81.37% in paw edema, respectively. Conclusions:The results obtained indicated that the crude and alkaloidal extracts of the plant exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, thus, supporting its folkloric use for the treatment of these conditions.
文摘Objective:To identify the active ingredients presented in methanol extract of Senna occidentalis(S.occidentalis).Methods:Dried powdered leaves of S.occidentalis were extracted with methanol by Soxhlet extraction and the extract was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening by using standard procedure and methods.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)analysis was performed by comprising a GC-MS(model:QP2010 Plus Shimadzu,Japan)comprising an AOC-20i auto-sampler and gas-chromatograph interfaced to a mass spectrometer.Results:The phytochemical study revealed the presence of tannins,alkaloids,glycoside,flavonoids,steroids,saponins,anthraquinones and phlobatannins while cardiac glycoside was not detected.GC-MS chromatogram showed nine peaks.A total of 31 compounds were identified when the mass spectra of the constituents was compared with the National Institute Standard and Technology library.The first compounds identified with less retention time(15.929 s)were n-hexadecanoic acid,octadecanoic acid and pentadecanoic acid while decanoic acid,decyl ester,ether,octadecyl vinyl,oleic acid,hexyl ester,stearic acid,octadecyl ester and decyl fluoride took the longest retention time(20.600 s)for identification.Conclusions:The presence of these compounds in the plant extract may at least be responsible for one of the pharmacological properties of S.occidentalis and thus could be of considerable interest to the development of new drugs.
文摘Objective:To investigate the haematopoetic effect of methanol extract of Nigerian honey bee propolis in mice.Methods:Fifteen white Albino mice were grouped into 3(A-C)of 5 animals each.Group A mice serve as control group,while groups B and C received 300 and 600 mL/kg of honey bee propolis respectively,for 21 days.The haematological parameters were determined using the automated haematologic analyzer Sysmex kx21,(product of Sysmex Corporation,Japan)using standard techniques.The data were analyzed using ANOVA and the level of significance was at P<0.05.Acute oral toxicity study was conducted to determine it's safety on acute exposure.Results;Results showed significant(P<0.05)dose dependent elevations in platelate count,mean platelate volume,plateletecrit,platelete distribution weight,white blood cells,granulocyte count,lymphocytes and mid cell total count.The extract however produce no significantly(P>0.05)alteration to the erythrocytic indices like red blood cells,haematocrite,haemoglobin,mean corpuscular haemoglobin,mean corpuscular volume and red cell distribution width,but increase mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration in dose related fashion.Acute oral toxicity showed the extract to be relatively safe at a high dose on acute exposure.However,21-days of treatment with the extract do neither increase nor decrease the body weight of the mice.Conclusions:Administration of methanol extract of Nigerian honey bee propolis in mice at the doses investigated has brought about leucopoietic and thrombopoietic changes without any significant effect on red blood cells and factors that relate to it,except for the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration.
