Early identification and treatment of stroke can greatly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.Although clinical tests such as the Cincinnati Pre-hospital Stroke Scale(CPSS)and the Face Arm Speech Test(FAST)are...Early identification and treatment of stroke can greatly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.Although clinical tests such as the Cincinnati Pre-hospital Stroke Scale(CPSS)and the Face Arm Speech Test(FAST)are commonly used for stroke screening,accurate administration is dependent on specialized training.In this study,we proposed a novel multimodal deep learning approach,based on the FAST,for assessing suspected stroke patients exhibiting symptoms such as limb weakness,facial paresis,and speech disorders in acute settings.We collected a dataset comprising videos and audio recordings of emergency room patients performing designated limb movements,facial expressions,and speech tests based on the FAST.We compared the constructed deep learning model,which was designed to process multi-modal datasets,with six prior models that achieved good action classification performance,including the I3D,SlowFast,X3D,TPN,TimeSformer,and MViT.We found that the findings of our deep learning model had a higher clinical value compared with the other approaches.Moreover,the multi-modal model outperformed its single-module variants,highlighting the benefit of utilizing multiple types of patient data,such as action videos and speech audio.These results indicate that a multi-modal deep learning model combined with the FAST could greatly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of early stroke identification of stroke,thus providing a practical and powerful tool for assessing stroke patients in an emergency clinical setting.展开更多
Dual-mode electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy was employed to analyze redox mechanisms in lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO_(2)(LCO)cathode material during delithiation and lithiation.It was found that the O_(3)...Dual-mode electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy was employed to analyze redox mechanisms in lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO_(2)(LCO)cathode material during delithiation and lithiation.It was found that the O_(3)-II could not fully convert back to the pristine O_(3) -I phase while oxygen vacancies quickly generate and accumulate during the cycling.Our study paves the way for better understanding the doping effects of different elements on LiCoO_(2) in the future.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the mechanism of a novel mutation （p.Lys38Glu） in apolipoprotein H （APOH） gene causing hereditary beta2-glycoprotein I （β2GPI） deficiency and thrombosis in a proband with thrombophil...This study aimed to explore the mechanism of a novel mutation （p.Lys38Glu） in apolipoprotein H （APOH） gene causing hereditary beta2-glycoprotein I （β2GPI） deficiency and thrombosis in a proband with thrombophilia. The plasma level of β2GPI was measured by ELISA and Western blotting, and anti-β2GPI antibody by ELISA. Lupus anticoagulant （LA） was assayed using the dilute Russell viper venom time. Deficiency of the major natural anticoagulants including protein C （PC）, protein S （PS）, antithrombin （AT） and thrombomodulin （TM） was excluded from the proband. A mutation analysis was performed by amplification and sequencing of the APOH gene. Wild type and mutant （c.112A〉G） APOH expression plasmids were constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells. The results showed that the thrornbin generation capacity of the proband was higher than that of the other family members. Missense mutation p.Lys38Glu in APOH gene and LA coexisted in the proband. The mutation led to β2GPI deficiency and thrombosis by impairing the protein production and inhibiting the platelet aggregation. It was concluded that the recurrent thrombosis of the proband is associated with the coexistence ofp.Lys38Glu mutation in APOH gene and LA in plasma.展开更多
During the past three decades,studies have shown that tumor cells could"manipulate"host immunity to escape the immune defenses in the tumor microenvironment.One of the most important underlying mechanisms is...During the past three decades,studies have shown that tumor cells could"manipulate"host immunity to escape the immune defenses in the tumor microenvironment.One of the most important underlying mechanisms is immune-suppression regulated by programmed cell death-1 or its ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1),which makes PD-1/PD-L1 blockadea promising target of cancer immune-therapy.Tumors could suppress immuno-response of T cells by activating PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway.Therefore,inhibiting the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 could reconstitute the enduring antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment via enhancing the T-cell response,there after augmenting the endogenous antitumor force of the immune system.Along these lines,inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 has been applied in multiple clinical trials against various types of tumors.Recent studies indicated that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade have demonstrated high efficacy and safety against melanoma,lung,kidney and several other solid tumors,as well as hematological malignancies.Nevertheless,the efficacy of this checkpoint blockade approach is not universal.Some investigation suggested that lack of responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy of patients without PD-1/PD-L1 over-expression was expected.In this review,we summarize the history and current understanding of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms via which PD-1/PD-L1 is regulated and research advances in preclinical/clinical aspects of PD-1/PD-L1,as well as significance and perspectives regarding the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in immune-antitumor therapy.展开更多
Aptamers,short single DNA or RNA oligonucleotides,have shown immense application potential as molecular probes for the early diagnosis and therapy of cancer.However,conventional cell-SELEX technologies for aptamer dis...Aptamers,short single DNA or RNA oligonucleotides,have shown immense application potential as molecular probes for the early diagnosis and therapy of cancer.However,conventional cell-SELEX technologies for aptamer discovery are time-consuming and laborious.Here we discovered a new aptamer BC-3 by using an improved rapid X-Aptamer selection process for human bladder carcinoma,for which there is no specific molecular probe yet.We show that BC-3 exhibited excellent affinity in bladder cancer cells but not normal cells.We demonstrate that BC-3 displayed high selectivity for tumor cells over their normal counterparts in vitro,in mice,and in patient tumor tissue specimens.Further endocytosis pathway analysis revealed that BC-3 internalized into bladder cancer cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.Importantly,we identified ribosomal protein S7(RPS7)as the binding target of BC-3 via an integrated methodology(mass spectrometry,colocalization assay,and immunoblotting).Together,we report that a novel aptamer BC-3 is discovered for bladder cancer and its properties in the disease are unearthed.Our findings will facilitate the discovery of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for bladder cancer.展开更多
Black phosphorus(BP)has attracted significant attention owing to its unique structure and preeminent photoelectric properties,which can be utilized to create novel junctions.Based on different BP-based junctions,versa...Black phosphorus(BP)has attracted significant attention owing to its unique structure and preeminent photoelectric properties,which can be utilized to create novel junctions.Based on different BP-based junctions,versatile optoelectronic devices have been fabricated and investigated in recent years,providing a fertile library for the characteristics of BP-based junctions and their optoelectronic applications.This review summarizes diverse BP-based junctions and their optoelectronic device applications.We firstly introduce the structure and properties of BP.Then,we emphatically describe the formation,properties,and optoelectronic device applications of the BP-based junctions including heterojunctions of BP and other two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors,BP p–n homojunctions,and BP/metal Schottky junctions.Finally,the challenge and prospect of the development and application of BP-based junctions are discussed.This timely review gives a snapshot of recent research breakthroughs in BP-based junctions and optoelectronic devices based on them,which is expected to provide a comprehensive vision for the potential of BP in the optoelectronic field.展开更多
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2020AAA0109605(to XL)Meizhou Major Scientific and Technological Innovation PlatformsProjects of Guangdong Provincial Science & Technology Plan Projects,No.2019A0102005(to HW).
文摘Early identification and treatment of stroke can greatly improve patient outcomes and quality of life.Although clinical tests such as the Cincinnati Pre-hospital Stroke Scale(CPSS)and the Face Arm Speech Test(FAST)are commonly used for stroke screening,accurate administration is dependent on specialized training.In this study,we proposed a novel multimodal deep learning approach,based on the FAST,for assessing suspected stroke patients exhibiting symptoms such as limb weakness,facial paresis,and speech disorders in acute settings.We collected a dataset comprising videos and audio recordings of emergency room patients performing designated limb movements,facial expressions,and speech tests based on the FAST.We compared the constructed deep learning model,which was designed to process multi-modal datasets,with six prior models that achieved good action classification performance,including the I3D,SlowFast,X3D,TPN,TimeSformer,and MViT.We found that the findings of our deep learning model had a higher clinical value compared with the other approaches.Moreover,the multi-modal model outperformed its single-module variants,highlighting the benefit of utilizing multiple types of patient data,such as action videos and speech audio.These results indicate that a multi-modal deep learning model combined with the FAST could greatly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of early stroke identification of stroke,thus providing a practical and powerful tool for assessing stroke patients in an emergency clinical setting.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21872055,22172049,21874045)Shanghai Science and technology innovation action plan(No.19142202900)+1 种基金BASF,Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities and Open Foundation of ECNU(42125102)ECNU multifunctional platform for innovation(EPR).
文摘Dual-mode electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)spectroscopy was employed to analyze redox mechanisms in lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO_(2)(LCO)cathode material during delithiation and lithiation.It was found that the O_(3)-II could not fully convert back to the pristine O_(3) -I phase while oxygen vacancies quickly generate and accumulate during the cycling.Our study paves the way for better understanding the doping effects of different elements on LiCoO_(2) in the future.
文摘This study aimed to explore the mechanism of a novel mutation （p.Lys38Glu） in apolipoprotein H （APOH） gene causing hereditary beta2-glycoprotein I （β2GPI） deficiency and thrombosis in a proband with thrombophilia. The plasma level of β2GPI was measured by ELISA and Western blotting, and anti-β2GPI antibody by ELISA. Lupus anticoagulant （LA） was assayed using the dilute Russell viper venom time. Deficiency of the major natural anticoagulants including protein C （PC）, protein S （PS）, antithrombin （AT） and thrombomodulin （TM） was excluded from the proband. A mutation analysis was performed by amplification and sequencing of the APOH gene. Wild type and mutant （c.112A〉G） APOH expression plasmids were constructed and transfected into HEK293T cells. The results showed that the thrornbin generation capacity of the proband was higher than that of the other family members. Missense mutation p.Lys38Glu in APOH gene and LA coexisted in the proband. The mutation led to β2GPI deficiency and thrombosis by impairing the protein production and inhibiting the platelet aggregation. It was concluded that the recurrent thrombosis of the proband is associated with the coexistence ofp.Lys38Glu mutation in APOH gene and LA in plasma.
文摘During the past three decades,studies have shown that tumor cells could"manipulate"host immunity to escape the immune defenses in the tumor microenvironment.One of the most important underlying mechanisms is immune-suppression regulated by programmed cell death-1 or its ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1),which makes PD-1/PD-L1 blockadea promising target of cancer immune-therapy.Tumors could suppress immuno-response of T cells by activating PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway.Therefore,inhibiting the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 could reconstitute the enduring antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment via enhancing the T-cell response,there after augmenting the endogenous antitumor force of the immune system.Along these lines,inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 has been applied in multiple clinical trials against various types of tumors.Recent studies indicated that PD-1/PD-L1 blockade have demonstrated high efficacy and safety against melanoma,lung,kidney and several other solid tumors,as well as hematological malignancies.Nevertheless,the efficacy of this checkpoint blockade approach is not universal.Some investigation suggested that lack of responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy of patients without PD-1/PD-L1 over-expression was expected.In this review,we summarize the history and current understanding of multiple intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms via which PD-1/PD-L1 is regulated and research advances in preclinical/clinical aspects of PD-1/PD-L1,as well as significance and perspectives regarding the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in immune-antitumor therapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31970692)(X.Hu)the Corbett Estate Fund for Cancer Research(USA)(No.62285-531021-41800,62285-531021-51800,62285-531021-61800,and 62285-531021-71800)(E.Wu).
文摘Aptamers,short single DNA or RNA oligonucleotides,have shown immense application potential as molecular probes for the early diagnosis and therapy of cancer.However,conventional cell-SELEX technologies for aptamer discovery are time-consuming and laborious.Here we discovered a new aptamer BC-3 by using an improved rapid X-Aptamer selection process for human bladder carcinoma,for which there is no specific molecular probe yet.We show that BC-3 exhibited excellent affinity in bladder cancer cells but not normal cells.We demonstrate that BC-3 displayed high selectivity for tumor cells over their normal counterparts in vitro,in mice,and in patient tumor tissue specimens.Further endocytosis pathway analysis revealed that BC-3 internalized into bladder cancer cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis.Importantly,we identified ribosomal protein S7(RPS7)as the binding target of BC-3 via an integrated methodology(mass spectrometry,colocalization assay,and immunoblotting).Together,we report that a novel aptamer BC-3 is discovered for bladder cancer and its properties in the disease are unearthed.Our findings will facilitate the discovery of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for bladder cancer.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Excellent Young Scholars(No.61622404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62074098)Chang Jiang(Cheung Kong)Scholars Program of Ministry of Education of China(No.Q2017081).
文摘Black phosphorus(BP)has attracted significant attention owing to its unique structure and preeminent photoelectric properties,which can be utilized to create novel junctions.Based on different BP-based junctions,versatile optoelectronic devices have been fabricated and investigated in recent years,providing a fertile library for the characteristics of BP-based junctions and their optoelectronic applications.This review summarizes diverse BP-based junctions and their optoelectronic device applications.We firstly introduce the structure and properties of BP.Then,we emphatically describe the formation,properties,and optoelectronic device applications of the BP-based junctions including heterojunctions of BP and other two-dimensional(2D)semiconductors,BP p–n homojunctions,and BP/metal Schottky junctions.Finally,the challenge and prospect of the development and application of BP-based junctions are discussed.This timely review gives a snapshot of recent research breakthroughs in BP-based junctions and optoelectronic devices based on them,which is expected to provide a comprehensive vision for the potential of BP in the optoelectronic field.
