脑卒中住院患者健康素养与健康行为的相关性研究

目的探讨脑卒中住院患者健康素养与健康行为的相关性,为患者康复护理干预提供参考。方法便利选取贵阳市4所三级甲等医院卒中单元和康复医学科的康复期脑卒中患者508例,采用慢性病患者健康素养调查量表、健康促进生活方式量表Ⅱ、一般情况调查表进行调查。结果脑卒中患者健康素养总得分为(31.67±8.79)分,健康行为总得分为(127.18±24.19)分。患者健康素养水平与健康行为水平呈正相关(r=0.633,P<0.01)。结论脑卒中患者健康素养与健康行为呈正相关,护理人员应采取措施提高患者健康素养,促使其形成良好的健康行为。

Improving resolution of superlens based on solid immersion mechanism

Super-resolution imaging with superlens has been one of the fundamental research topics. Unfortunately, the resolution of superlens is inevitably restrained by material loss. To address the problem, we introduce the solid immersion mechanism into the slab superlens and the cylindrical superlens. The proposed solid immersion slab superlens(SISSL) and the solid immersion cylindrical superlens(SICSL) can improve the resolution by converting evanescent wave to propagating wave using high refractive index materials. From the perspective of applications, the cylindrical superlens with finite cross section and the ability of magnification or demagnification has more advantages than the slab superlens. Therefore,we focus on demonstrating analytically the super-resolution imaging of SICSL. Due to the impedance mismatching caused by solid immersion mechanism, the whispering gallery modes(WGMs) are excited between SICSL and the air interface.We clarify the excitation conditions of WGMs and analyze their influence on the imaging quality of SICSL. The SISSL and SICSL may pave a way to apply in lithography technique and real-time biomolecular imaging in future.

脑卒中后失能老人口腔健康状况相关生存质量研究进展

对脑卒中后失能老人口腔健康相关生存质量进行综述,分别从研究现状、相关危险因素、测评方面了解脑卒中后失能老人的口腔现状,从生理和心理两个方面了解到口腔问题对脑卒中后失能老人生存质量的影响,并从照顾者、护理、医疗、社会4个方面提出了相应的干预建议,旨在为我国脑卒中后失能老人的口腔护理提供科学的指导依据,提升病人的生存质量。

脑卒中住院患者口腔健康相关生活质量现状及影响因素分析

目的了解脑卒中住院患者口腔健康相关生活质量现状及影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法,于2019年8-12月在贵州省5所三级甲等综合医院选取符合纳入标准的脑卒中住院患者作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、口腔健康影响程度量表(OHIP-14)、口腔健康评估工具(OHAT)对403例脑卒中住院患者进行调查,以探索其口腔健康相关生活质量的影响因素。结果共发放问卷425份,回收有效问卷403份,有效回收率94.8%。脑卒中住院患者口腔健康相关生活质量得分为(10.32±6.32)分;多元线性回归分析显示,年龄、家庭人均月收入与口腔健康是脑卒中住院患者口腔健康相关生活质量的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中住院患者口腔健康相关生活质量需引起重视,医护人员应重点关注年龄较大、家庭人均月收入较低以及口腔健康状况较差的脑卒中住院患者,并结合脑卒中患者的具体情况提供个性化的干预措施,从而提升脑卒中住院患者的口腔健康相关生活质量。

Effects of Sevoflurane and Propofol on Neurological Recovery of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Early Postoperative Stage: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective To investigate the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on neurological recovery of traumatic brain injury(TBI)patients in the early postoperative stage.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of TBI patients who underwent craniotomy or decompressive craniectomy.Generalized additive mixed model(GAMM)was used to analyze effects of propofol and sevoflurane on Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)on postoperative days 1,3,and 7.Multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze effects of the two anesthetics on Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS)at discharge.Results A total of 340 TBI patients were enrolled in this study.There were 110 TBI patients who underwent craniotomy including 75 in the propofol group and 35 in the sevoflurane group,and 134 patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy including 63 in the propofol group and 71 in the sevoflurane group.It showed no significant difference in GCS at admission between the propofol and the sevoflurane groups among craniotomy patients(β=0.75,95%CI:-0.55 to 2.05,P=0.260).However,elevation in GCS from baseline was 1.73 points(95%CI:-2.81 to-0.66,P=0.002)less in the sevoflurane group than that in the propofol group on postoperative day 1,2.03 points(95%CI:-3.14 to-0.91,P 0.001)less on day 3,and 1.31 points(95%CI:-2.43 to-0.19,P=0.022)less on day 7.The risk of unfavorable GOS(GOS 1,2,and 3)at discharge was higher in the sevoflurane group(OR=4.93,95%CI:1.05 to 23.03,P=0.043).No significant difference was observed among two-group decompressive craniectomy patients in GCS and GOS.Conclusions Compared to propofol,sevoflurane was associated with worse neurological recovery during the hospital stay in TBI patients undergoing craniotomy.This difference was not detected in TBI patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy.

Corrigendum to“Effects of a symptom management interventionbased on group sessions combined with a mobile health applicationfor persons living with HIV in China:A randomized controlled trial”[Int J Nurs Sci 8(2021)370-379]

The authors regret that the clinical trial registration number appear incorrectly due to their unintentional mistake,which matched another of their clinical trial project.The correct registration number is(ChiCTR2000039097).The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.

美国老年人家庭护理中不良事件防范探讨

从不同视角探讨了美国老年人在家庭护理过程中出现不良事件的防范措施和策略,以期为提高我国老年人家庭护理服务质量、降低家庭护理中不良事件的发生率提供参考和借鉴。

妊娠晚期糖尿病代谢和内皮损伤指标检测的临床意义

目的通过检测妊娠晚期糖尿病患者的血脂、血管内皮损伤标志物及骨代谢指标,探究其临床意义。方法选取2015年1月-2016年12月在该院就诊的110例妊娠晚期糖尿病患者,作为观察组;同期选取110例健康孕晚期孕妇作为对照组。于孕36周,采集所有孕妇的血液标本,检测子宫动脉搏动指数(UAPI)。比较两组血脂、血管内皮损伤标志物及骨代谢指标,分析妊娠晚期糖尿病患者UAPI、新生儿出生体重与血脂、血管内皮损伤标志物及骨代谢指标的相关性,以及血脂、血管内皮损伤标志物及骨代谢指标三者的相关性。结果观察组血糖、新生儿出生体重、三酰甘油(TG)、血管细胞黏附分子-1、骨钙素、总I型胶原氨基端延长肽及β-胶原降解产物水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。妊娠晚期糖尿病患者中,UAPI与TG呈正相关(P<0.05),与高密度胆固醇呈负相关(P<0.05);新生儿出生体重与TG呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论妊娠晚期糖尿病患者体内血脂和骨代谢水平升高,提示妊娠晚期糖尿病患者可能合并脂代谢异常、血管内皮损伤,且机体可代偿性地增强骨代谢。

美国护士在医院门诊中的角色

本文阐述了美国门诊医疗体系、医院门诊部概况及护士在医院门诊中的角色,包括护士在医院门诊中的工作内容、任务、分工及护士诊室的特点,以期为我国门诊护士的工作提供参考。

An mHealth intervention to improve medication adherence among patients with coronary heart disease in China: Development of an intervention

Objectives:With this study,we aimed to develop a mobile technology(mHealth)intervention to improve medication adherence among patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods:The study was conducted in two phases with CHD patients from a Cardiology Department of a hospital located in China.Each phase was independent from the other.Phase 1 tested the integration of the two apps-"WeChat"and"BB Reminder"-as an mHealth intervention.All participants received the same educational materials via WeChat every two days.Participants in the experimental group received a reminder from BB Reminder for every dose of their medications.The duration of Phase 1 was 30 days for each participant.Phase 2 refined the intervention,in which educational materials were sent every five days rather than every two days,and medication-taking reminders were sent daily rather than every dose.Results:In Phase 1,an mHealth intervention was developed by integrating two mobile apps.In Phase 2,medication adherence increased at 30-day follow-up in both groups compared to baseline.At the 30-day follow-up,the mean of the decrease in medication non-adherence score in the experimental group(M=1.35,SD=2.18,n=36)was more than the decrease in control group(M=0.69,SD=1.58,n=36),which means the medication adherence improved more in the experimental group.Conclusion:The feasibility of using mHealth to remind CHD patients to take their medications is high.

The effect of a urinary incontinence selfmanagement program for older women in South Korea:A pilot study

Background:Although self-management approaches have shown strong evidence of positive outcomes for urinary incontinence prevention and management,few programs have been developed for Korean rural communities.Objectives:This pilot study aimed to develop,implement,and evaluate a urinary incontinence self-management program for community-dwelling women aged 55 and older with urinary incontinence in rural South Korea.Methods:This study used a one-group pre-post-test design to measure the effects of the intervention using standardized urinary incontinence symptom,knowledge,and attitude measures.Seventeen community-dwelling older women completed weekly 90-min group sessions for 5 weeks.Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests and were used to analyze data.Results:The mean of the overall interference on daily life from urine leakage(pre-test:M=5.76±2.68,post-test:M=2.29±1.93,t=4.609,p<0.001)and the sum of International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire scores(pre-test:M=11.59±3.00,post-test:M=5.29±3.02,t=-5.881,p<0.001)indicated significant improvement after the intervention.Improvement was also noted on the mean knowledge(pre-test:M=19.07±3.34,post-test:M=23.15±2.60,t=7.550,p<0.001)and attitude scores(pre-test:M=2.64±0.19,post-test:M=3.08±0.41,t=5.150,p<0.001).Weekly assignments were completed 82.4%of the time.Participants showed a high satisfaction level(M=26.82±1.74,range 22e28)with the group program.Conclusions:Implementation of a urinary incontinence self-management program was accompanied by improved outcomes for Korean older women living in rural communities who have scarce resources for urinary incontinence management and treatment.Urinary incontinence self-management education approaches have potential for widespread implementation in nursing practice.

Staff characteristics and care in Chinese nursing homes: A systematic literature review

The need for institutional long-term care(LTC)services,including nursing homes(NHs),is increasing in China's Mainland in part due to the aging population and changing family structures.In developing NH staff training programs,a review is needed to synthesize knowledge about staff and resident characteristics,and care provided in NHs.This systematic review aims to describe,in Chinese NHs,(1)NH staff characteristics and the care they provide,(2)resident characteristics and care needs,and (3)the role of family members.The 45 articles included in this review covered both urban and rural areas of China's Mainland.We found that staff in Chinese NHs were older and had lower education levels in comparison with those in western countries.Most direct caregivers in urban areas were migratory workers from rural area.Chinese NHs had few qualification standards for staff preparation for their roles in NHs.Also,functional levels of residents in Chinese NHs were higher compared to NH residents in western countries.In addition,family members played important roles in caring for NH residents.These findings suggest a need for staff development programs that tailor for lower educated NH staff and care needs of residents with widely varying levels in function from independent to bedbound in China's Mainland.The findings also suggest that staff qualification standards require critically policy development to improve the capacity of Chinese NHs to provide competent and safe care.

Effects of a symptom management intervention based on group sessions combined with a mobile health application for persons living with HIV in China:A randomized controlled trial

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the effects of a symptom management intervention(SMI)based on symptom management group sessions combined with a mobile health(mHealth)application(app)on the knowledge of symptom management,the certainty of symptom self-management,symptom severity,symptom distress,medication adherence,social support,and quality of life among persons living with HIV(PLWH)in China.Methods:A parallel randomized controlled trial with 61 PLWH was conducted in Shanghai,China.The participants in the control group(n¼30)downloaded the Symptom Management(SM)app according to their needs and preferences,and received routine follow-ups.The participants in the intervention group(n¼31)were guided to download and use the SM app,and received four tailored weekly group sessions at routine follow-ups.Each group session lasted for approximately 2 h and targeted one of the major modules of the SM app.All the outcomes were assessed at baseline and post-intervention.The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR1900024821).Results:The symptom management knowledge and certainty of symptom self-management were significantly improved after the intervention(all P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the scores of symptoms reasons knowledge score improved 11.47 points(95%CI:3.41,19.53)and scores of symptoms self-management knowledge score improved 12.80 points(95%CI:4.55,21.05)in the intervention group after controlling for covariates.However,other outcomes did not show statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:The SMI could improve PLWH’s symptom management knowledge and certainty of symptom self-management.Multi-center studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-ups are needed to further understand the effects of SM app on ameliorating symptom severity and symptom distress.More innovative strategies are also needed to promote and maintain the sustainability of the SM app.

Investigation for the transcultural self-efficacy of nurses in Guizhou,China

Aim:As conflict caused by cultural diversity among patients in China continues to rise,hospitals are in urgent need for improvement of transcultural efficacy among nurses.This study aims to evaluate the transcultural self-efficacy of nurses working in the tertiary general hospital in Guizhou Province,an ethnic minority region in western China,and to identify whether nurses'demographic characteristics affect their transcultural self-efficacy.Method:We used the Chinese version of the Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool(TSET-CV)to survey 1,190 inservice nurses.Results:Results showed that the level of transcultural self-efficacy of the nurses was generally moderate;few of the nurses had high or low transcultural self-efficacy.The nurses'transcultural self-efficacy was affected by demographic variables,including age,marital status,employment type,income,work experience,and whether or not they were head nurses.Having a stable work environment,a stable marriage,a good educational background,and a high-ranked professional title were associated with increased transcultural self-efficacy.Conclusion:Nursing administrators in hospitals should offer continuing education on transcuitural nursing according to nurses'demographic characteristics and the SEST scores.

脑卒中后认知障碍病人口腔健康状况研究进展

对脑卒中后认知障碍病人的口腔健康现状、口腔健康状况对脑卒中后认知障碍病人的影响、口腔健康与脑卒中后认知障碍的关系以及脑卒中后认知障碍病人的院内口腔护理干预等方面进行综述,分析现有研究中存在的问题和不足,为改善脑卒中病人,尤其是脑卒中后认知障碍病人的口腔健康状况提供参考和建议。

Investigation on the Association of Soil Microbial Populations with Ecological and Environmental Factors in the Pearl River Estuary

An investigation on the soil microbe populations from an agricultural inning area at the Pearl River estuary in Guangdong province, China was conducted via high through-put sequencing. The results revealed abundant diversity in the soil bacterial and fungal populations. In total, 197103 sequence tags were obtained from soil samples, most of which represented bacterial genera Actinomycetes, Bacillus and Marinobacter, while a majority of 118378 tags obtained were derived from fungal genera Clostridium, Devosia, Bradyrhizobium, Bdellovibrio, Phenylobacterium, Penicillium, and Emericella. Furthermore, nine physiological indexes (pH, available phosphorous, basic-group nitrogen, available potassium, catalase, sucrose, urease, phosphatase, and organic matters) were measured in three soil samples, and the association between these physiological indexes and microbe population composition was examined. The results revealed obvious inter-sample differences associated with ten dominating microbial groups: genera Clostridium, Devosia, Bradyrhizobium, Bdellovibrio, Phenylobacterium, and Penicillium were mainly impacted by pH (with a positive correlation), genera Sphingomonas and Acinetobacter mainly by available phosphorous (positive correlation), and genera Gemmatimonas and Pseudomonas by both pH and available phosphorous (negative correlation). Our study suggested that regulation of microbial species/populations might help improve soil environment to facilitate the growth of crops’ above-ground parts, and this provides practical information for inning agriculture.

Total Transmission from Deep Learning Designs

Total transmission plays an important role in efficiency improvement and wavefront control,and has made great progress in many applications,such as the optical film and signal transmission.Therefore,many traditional physical methods represented by transformation optics have been studied to achieve total transmission.However,these methods have strict limitations on the size of the photonic structure,and the calculation is complex.Here,we exploit deep learning to achieve this goal.In deep learning,the data-driven prediction and design are carried out by artificial neural networks(ANNs),which provide a convenient architecture for large dataset problems.By taking the transmission characteristic of the multi-layer stacks as an example,we demonstrate how optical materials can be designed by using ANNs.The trained network directly establishes the mapping from optical materials to transmission spectra,and enables the forward spectral prediction and inverse material design of total transmission in the given parameter space.Our work paves the way for the optical material design with special properties based on deep learning.

Mobile technology for health care in rural China

With the proliferation of mobile technologies in China,the Chinese mobile medical applications market is growing rapidly.This may be particularly useful for Chinese rural populations who have limited access to quality medical care where mobile technologies can reach across geographic and socioeconomic boundaries and potentially increase access to care and improve health outcomes.

Self-reported diabetes treatment among Chinese middle-aged and older adults with diabetes:Comparison of urban residents,migrants in urban settings,and rural residents

Purpose:To compare self-reported diabetes treatments among Chinese urban residents,rural migrants in urban settings,and rural residents.Methods:Data from 993 diabetics at least 45 years of age were collected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted in 2011.Multiple logistic regressions were performed to examine the associations between individual characteristics and diabetes treatments.Results:In total,719/993(72.4%)of the respondents received treatment for diabetes;of which<8% used insulin therapy.Urban residents were more likely than rural residents to use insulin therapy[odds ratio(OR)=0.44,confidence interval(CI):0.20-0.99;p<0.05],and more likely to use traditional Chinese medicine than migrants(OR=0.30,CI:0.10-0.96;p<0.05).Overall,rural residents showed lower treatment rates than urban and migrant populations.Conclusion:Efforts to improve and enhance diabetes treatments,particularly among rural residents,are urgently needed in China.

A Follow-up Study for Chinese Chronic Hepatitis C Patients Treated with the Combination of PEG-IFNα-2a(PEGASYS) and Ribavirin

Objective To compare the efficacy of peginterferon alfa-2a(PEGASYS) plus ribavirin(RBV) with interferon alfa-2a plus RBV, and evaluate the safety. Methods Total of 117 patients with chronic hepatitis C were enrolled to receive either PEGASYS(135 μg or 180 μg) subcutaneously once per week, plus RBV(800 mg-1 200 mg) per day for 48 weeks(79 patients, PEGASYS group), or 5 million units of interferon alfa-2a subcutaneously every other day, plus RBV as above dosage for 48 weeks(38 patients, IFNα group). Results Sixty-three of 79(79.7%) patients reached sustained virological response(SVR) in PEGASYS group, while 14 of 38(36.8%) patients reached SVR in IFNα group. PEGASYS group was associated with a higher rate of virologic response than IFNα group at week 4, 12, 36, 48 and week 72. Sustained normalization of serum ALT concentrations at week 36, 48 and week 72 was also more common in PEGASYS group than in IFNα group. Baseline levels of ALT and HCV RNA had no effect on SVR in either PEGASYS group or IFNα group. Both groups were similar in the frequency and severity of adverse events. Conclusions PEGASYS plus RBV produced similar adverse events but higher rate of SVR. Meanwhile, complications should be prevented and treated promptly in order to increase compliances and effects.