One fifth of hospitalizations for peptic ulcer-related bleeding are potentially preventable

AIM: To calculate the proportion of potentially preventable hospitalizations due to peptic ulcer disease (PUD), erosive gastritis (EG) or duodenitis (ED).

Mesalazine preparations for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: Are all created equal?

Oral mesalazine(also known as mesalamine) is a 5-aminosalicylic acid compound used in the treatment of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis, with high rates of efficacy in induction and maintenance of remission.The therapeutic effect of mesalazine occurs topically at the site of diseased colonic mucosa. A myriad of oral mesalazine preparations have been formulated with various drug delivery methods to minimize systemic absorption and maximise drug availability at the inflamed colonic epithelium. It remains unclear whether different oral mesalazine formulations are bioequivalent. This review aims to evaluate the differences between mesalazine formulations based on the currently available literature and explore factors which may influence the selection of one agent above another.

Necrotizing pneumonia caused by refractory Mycoplasma pneumonia pneumonia in children

Background To investigate the clinical features of necrotizing pneumonia (NP) caused by refractoryMycoplasma pneumo-niae pneumonia (RMPP). Methods A retrospective observational study was carried out in patients with NP caused by RMPP who were admitted to our hospital from January 2008 to December 2015, and the clinical manifestations, laboratory data, imaging performances, hospital courses and outcomes were analyzed. Results Twenty-five patients with NP caused by RMPP were collected, with a median age of 5.1 (4.0–7.9) years. The mean duration of fever and hospital stay was 21.0 ± 8.9 and 19.9 ± 9.9 days, respectively. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and interferon-gamma were elevated. Meanwhile, the pleural fluid cell count, LDH and protein were also increased. 80.0% of the patients had pleural effusion;and a high incidence of lobar atelectasis and pulmonary consolidation was found the patients. The mean duration from the onset of symptoms to the discovery of necrotic lesions was 21.0 ± 6.9 days. 80.0% of the patients were administrated corticosteroids, and bronchoalveolar lavage was extracted separately from all patients. Of the 20 patients who presented with pleural effusion, 11 underwent thoracocentesis alone and 2 underwent chest drainage. All patients received prolonged courses of antibiotics (32.2 ± 8.7 days). All patients were dischaged home and recovered without surgical intervention;and chest lesions were resolved or only minimal residual fibrotic changes were residual within 3.0 (2.0–6.0) months. Conclusions Necrotizing pneumonia caused by RMPP is severe, however, self-limiting and reversible. Good outcomes can be achieved with appropriate management.

UV-LED/P25-based photocatalysis for effective degradation of isothiazolone biocide

In this work,LED-based photocatalysis using mixed rutile and anatase phase TiO_(2)(P25)as the photocatalyst could effectively remove 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one(CMIT)and methylisothiazolone(MIT)simultaneously,with removal efficiencies above 80%within 20 min.The photocatalytic degradation of both CMIT and MIT could be modeled using a pseudo-first-order rate equation.The photocatalytic degradation rates of CMIT and MIT under LED280 illumination were higher than under LED310 or LED360 illumination.At concentrations below 100 mg/L,the degradation rate of CMIT and MIT under LED illumination significantly increased with increasing catalyst dosage.Additionally,the effects of the chloride ion concentration,alkalinity and dissolved organic matter on the photocatalytic degradation reaction were also investigated.The·OH free radicals were determined to play the primary role in the photocatalytic degradation reaction,with a degradation contribution of>95%.The photocatalytic degradation of CMIT and MIT mainly occurred via oxidation,hydrolysis,and chain growth reactions.Finally,the possible photocatalytic degradation pathways of CMIT and MIT over LED/P25 are proposed.

Inhibition of bromate formation by reduced graphene oxide supported cerium dioxide during ozonation of bromidecontaining water

Ozone(O3)is widely used in drinking water disinfection and wastewater treatment.However,when applied to bromide-containing water,ozone induces the formation of bromate,which is carcinogenic.Our previous study found±at graphene oxide(GO)can enhance the degradation efficiency of micropollutants during ozonation.However,in this study,GO was found to promote bromate formation during ozonation of bromide-containing waters,with bromate yields from the O3/GO process more than twice those obtained using ozone alone.The promoted bromate formation was attributed to increased hydroxyl radical production,as confirmed by the significant reduction(almost 75%)in bromate yield after adding t-butanol(TBA).Cerium oxide(less tfian 5 mg/L)supported on reduced GO(xCeO2/RGO)significantly inhibited bromate formation during ozonation compared with reduced GO alone,and the optimal Ce atomic percentage(x)was determined to be 0.36%,achieving an inhibition rate of approximately 73%.Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectra indicated the transformation of GO into RGO after hydrothermal treatment,and transmission electron microscope(TEM)results showed that CeO2 nanoparticles were well dispersed on the RGO surface.The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)spectra results demonstrated that the Ce^3+/Ce^4+ratio in xCeO2/RGO was almost 3-4 times higher than that in pure CeO2,which might be attributed to the charge transfer effect from GO to CeO2.Furthermore,Ce+on thexCeO2/RGO surface could quench Br-and BrO-to further inhibit bromate formation.Meanwhile,0.36CeO2/RGO could also enhance the degradation efficiency of N,N-diethyl-zn-toluamide(DEET)in synthetic and reclaimed water during ozonation.