Stanford A型主动脉夹层的个体化血流数值模拟

目的研究Stanford A型主动脉夹层的血流动力学变化。方法收集4名Stanford A型主动脉夹层患者和2名健康志愿者的主动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影(computed tomography angiography,CTA)图像,建立主动脉三维模型并进行网格划分,使用流体仿真软件对模型进行数值模拟。结果健康志愿者主动脉内血流近似层流。夹层真腔的血流近似层流,位于破口附近的真腔和被假腔压迫的真腔会在局部形成湍流。真腔的壁面压力高于假腔。心脏收缩期,假腔的壁面压力峰值位于夹层第一个破口处,被假腔压迫的真腔和假腔破口处出现较高的壁面剪切力且破口处出现了应力集中。相比于单一破口的夹层,有2个破口的夹层其破口周围的壁面剪切力更低。结论个体化计算流体力学分析可以为主动脉夹层的个性化诊疗提供参考。

Strengthening strategy for high-performance friction stir lap welded joints based on 5083 Al alloy

During aircraft,ship,and automobile manufacturing,lap structures are frequently produced among Al alloy skins,wall panels,and stiffeners.The occurrence of welding defects severely decreases mechanical properties during friction stir lap welding(FSLW).This study focuses on investigating the effects of rotation rate,multipass welding,and cooling methods on lap defect formation,microstructural evolution,and mechanical properties.Hook defects were eliminated by decreasing welding speed,applying two-pass FLSW with a small welding tool,and introducing additional water cooling,thus leading to a remarkable increase in effective sheet thickness and lap width.This above strategy yielded defect-free joints with an ultrafine-grained microstructure and increased tensile shear force from 298 to 551 N/mm.The fracture behavior of FSLW joints was systematically studied,and a fracture factor of lap joints was proposed to predict their fracture mode.By reducing the rotation rate,using two-pass welding,and employing additional water cooling strategies,an enlarged,strengthened,and defect-free lap zone with refined ultrafine grains was achieved with a quality comparable to that of lap welds based on 7xxx Al alloys.Importantly,this study provides a valuable FSLW method for eliminating hook defects and improving joint performance.

Vacancy defect MoSeTe embedded in N and F co-doped carbon skeleton for high performance sodium ion batteries and hybrid capacitors

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) and hybrid capacitors(SIHCs) have garnered significant attention in energy storage due to their inherent advantages,including high energy density,cost-effectiveness,and enhanced safety.However,developing high-performance anode materials to improve sodium storage performa nce still remains a major challenge.Here,a facile one-pot method has been developed to fabricate a hybrid of MoSeTe nanosheets implanted within the N,F co-doped honeycomb carbon skeleton(MoSeTe/N,F@C).Experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of large-sized Te atoms into MoSeTe nanosheets enlarges the layer spacing and creates abundant anion vacancies,which effectively facilitate the insertion/extraction of Na^(+) and provide numerous ion adsorption sites for rapid surface capacitive behavior.Additionally,the heteroatoms N,F co-doped honeycomb carbon skeleton with a highly conductive network can restrain the volume expansion and boost reaction kinetics within the electrode.As anticipated,the MoSeTe/N,F@C anode exhibits high reversible capacities along with exceptional cycle stability.When coupled with Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)@C(NVPF@C) to form SIB full cells,the anode delivers a reversible specific capacity of 126 mA h g^(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g^(-1).Furthermore,when combined with AC to form SIHC full cells,the anode demonstrates excellent cycling stability with a reversible specific capacity of50 mA h g^(-1) keeping over 3700 cycles at 1.0 A g^(-1).In situ XRD,ex situ TEM characterization,and theoretical calculations(DFT) further confirm the reversibility of sodium storage in MoSeTe/N,F@C anode materials during electrochemical reactions,highlighting their potential for widespread practical application.This work provides new insights into the promising utilization of advanced transition metal dichalcogenides as anode materials for Na^(+)-based energy storage devices.

Correlation Between Granulomatous Mastitis and Autoimmune Function and the Immuneregulating Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Granulomatous mastitis(GM)is a benign granulomatous condition,and its pathogenesis may be related to autoimmune disorders.Cellular immunity,humoral immunity,immunoglobulins,and complement could all play a role in the disease process,showing certain clinical patterns.Corticosteroids can quickly control disease progression,and immunosuppressants can be used for complex and refractory GM cases.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),“healthy qi”is similar to immune system function.For GM with deficient healthy qi,TCM treatments such as internal and external herbal applications can help regulate immune function and shorten disease duration by staged and TCM treatment,regulating viscera,reinforcing healthy qi,and eliminating pathogenic factors.

乳腺癌围化疗期中医证候分布与分子分型的相关性研究

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者围化疗期中医证候与分子分型的相关性。方法:对325例乳腺癌患者围化疗期进行中医辨证分型,运用R×C表的c2检验分析乳腺癌围化疗期中医证型与分子分型的关系。结果:(1)化疗前期以肝郁证、肝郁痰凝证为主的不同中医证候在不同分子分型之间的分布不存在明显差异(P>0.05)。(2)化疗中期脾虚痰湿证在HER-2阳性(HR阳性)、HER-2阳性(HR阴性)与Luminal A型、Luminal B型(HER-2阴性)、三阴型之间的分布存在明显差异(P<0.01)。(3)化疗后期脾肾阳虚证、髓海不足证在HER-2阳性(HR阴性)、三阴型与HER-2阳性(HR阳性)、Luminal A型、LuminalB型(HER-2阴性)之间的分布存在明显差异(P<0.01)。结论:(1)化疗中期HER-2阳性(HR阳性)与HER-2阳性(HR阴性)较其他分子分型易表现出脾虚痰湿证。(2)化疗后期HER-2阳性(HR阴性)与三阴型较其他分子分型易表现出脾肾阳虚证,三阴型较其他分子分型还易表现出髓海不足证。

WWP2 promotes degradation of transcription factor OCT4 in human embryonic stem cells

POU transcription factor OCT4 not only plays an essential role in maintaining the pluripotent and self-renewing state of embryonic stem （ES） cells but also acts as a cell fate determinant through a gene dosage effect. However, the molecular mechanisms that control the intracellular OCT4 protein level remain elusive. Here, we report that human WWP2, an E3 ubiquitin （Ub）-protein ligase, interacts with OCT4 specifically through its WW domain and enhances Ub modification of OCT4 both in vitro and in vivo. We first demonstrated that endogenous OCT4 in hu- man ES cells can be post-translationally modified by Ub. Furthermore, we found that WWP2 promoted degradation of OCT4 through the 26S proteasome in a dosage-dependent manner, and the active site cysteine residue of WWP2 was required for both its enzymatic activity and proteolytic effect on OCT4. Remarkably, our data show that the en- dogenous OCT4 protein level was significantly elevated when WWP2 expression was downregulated by specific RNA interference （RNAi）, suggesting that WWP2 is an important regulator for maintaining a proper OCT4 protein level in human ES cells. Moreover, northern blot analysis showed that the WWP2 transcript was widely present in diverse human tissues/organs and highly expressed in undifferentiated human ES cells. However, its expression level was quickly decreased after human ES cells differentiated, indicating that WWP2 expression might be developmentally regulated. Our findings demonstrate that WWP2 is an important regulator of the OCT4 protein level in human ES cells.

Far-red light: A regulator of plant morphology and photosynthetic capacity

Plant photosynthetic capacity directly determines crop yield. Light quality regulates photosynthetic capacity. This review discusses plant responses to far-red light from the phenotypic to the molecular level, focusing specifically on the improvement of photosynthetic capacity by adjustment of photosynthetic electron transport and the path of light energy. Far-red light can also regulate leaf angle and increase plant height and leaf area, via expression of associated genes, to capture more light energy.Thus, far-red light regulates plant morphology and photosynthetic capacity. Identifying the mechanism of this regulation may lead to increased crop yields.

Flux mechanism of compound flux on ash and slag of coal with high ash melting temperature

The melting temperature of Z coal ash was reduced by adding calcium–magnesium compound flux(WCaO/WMgO=1). In the process of simulated coal gasification, the coal ash and slag were prepared. The transformation of minerals in coal ash and slag upon the change of temperature was studied by using X-ray diffraction(XRD). With the increase of temperatures, forsterite in the ash disappears, while the diffraction peak strength of magnesium spinel increases,and the content of the calcium feldspar increases, then the content of the amorphous phase in the ash increases obviously. The species and evolution process of oxygen, silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium at different temperatures were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The decrease of the ash melting point mainly affects the structural changes of silicon, aluminum and oxygen. The coordination of aluminum and oxygen in the aluminum element structure, e.g., tetracoordinated aluminum oxide, was changed. Tetrahedral [AlO4] and hexacoordinated aluminoxy octahedral [AlO6] change with the temperature changing. The addition of Ca2+ and Mg2+ destroys silica chain, making bridge oxide silicon change into non-bridge oxysilicon;and bridge oxygen bond was broken and non-bridge oxygen bond was produced in the oxygen element structure. The addition of calcium and magnesium compound flux reacts with aluminum oxide tetrahedron, aluminum oxide octahedron and silicon tetrahedron to promote the breakage of the bridge oxygen bond. Ca2+ and Mg2+ are easily combined with silicon oxide and aluminum oxide tetrahedron and aluminum. Oxygen octahedrons combine with non-oxygen bonds to generate low-melting temperature feldspars and magnesite minerals, thereby reducing the coal ash melting temperatures. The structure of kaolinite and mullite was simulated by quantum chemistry calculation, and kaolinite molecule has a stable structure.

Host–Guest Molecular Recognition at Liquid–Liquid Interfaces

Host–guest molecular recognition at the liquid–liquid interface endows the interface with unique properties,including stimuli-responsiveness and self-regulation,due to the dynamic and reversible nature of non-covalent interactions.Increasing research efforts have been put into the preparation of supramolecular interfacial systems such as films and microcapsules by integrating functional components(e.g.,colloidal particles,polymers)at the interface,providing tremendous opportunities in the areas of encapsulation,delivery vehicles,and biphasic reaction systems.In this review,we summarize recent progress in supramolecular interfacial systems assembled by host–guest chemistry,and provide an overview of the fabrication process,functions,and promising applications of the resultant constructs.

超临界二氧化碳溶胀丁苯橡胶动力学

高分子材料在超临界流体中的溶胀及相平衡机制,是研究超临界发泡以及材料改性等问题的基础。以超临界二氧化碳为溶剂,采用可视窗反应釜研究丁苯橡胶的溶胀过程。通过析因设计方法,分析溶胀度、溶胀速率和二氧化碳在丁苯橡胶中的扩散系数,以及膨胀后丁苯橡胶的收缩过程。研究发现,二因子交互模型拟合较好,溶胀速率符合一阶动力学模型。温度和压力对3个目标函数均影响显著,时间对溶胀度影响显著,交联密度对目标函数无显著影响。在50~120℃,8~20 MPa的研究范围内,二氧化碳在丁苯橡胶中的扩散系数为(0.995~3.06)×10^(-9) m^(2)/s。丁苯橡胶在超临界二氧化碳中溶胀平衡后泄压膨胀,交联密度对橡胶的膨胀度和收缩速率有显著影响。在相同溶胀条件和泄压速率时,随着交联密度的增大,丁苯橡胶的膨胀度显著减小,收缩速率显著增大。

The interaction of dendritic cells and γδ T cells promotes the activation of γδ T cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis

Uveitis is a severe inflammatory disease that can cause visual impairment.Recently,activatedγδT cells were proved to play a central role in the development of experimental autoimmune uveitis(EAU).However,the mechanism underlyingγδT cell activation in EAU is incompletely known.In this study,we determined the percentage changes in and the phenotypes ofγδT cells and dendritic cells(DCs)obtained from the spleens of immunized C57BL/6(B6)mice,an animal model of EAU.We found that the number ofγδT cells and DCs obviously increased during the inflammation phase of EAU(days 16-20 of our experiment),and that during this time,γδT cells expressed high levels of CD69 and the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1(LF A-1)and secreted high levels of interleukin(IL)-17A.Moreover,DCs obtained during this phase expressed high levels of CD80,CD83,CD86,and intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1).Furthermore,we studied the interaction between DCs andγδT cells by using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy in order to determine whether DCs affectedγδT-cell activation in vitro.Co-cultures of the two types of cells showed that DCs induced high levels of CD69,LFA-1,and I-17A inγδT cells.Imaging studies revealed contact between the DCs andγδT cells.This interaction was mediated by the accumulation of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 at the interface of DCs-γδT cells.Thus,the activation ofγδT cells in EAU was promoted by DCs interacting withγδT cells.

Factors influencing direct shoot regeneration from leaves,petioles,and plantlet roots of triploid hybrid Populus sect.Tacamahaca

Since the generation of full-sib artificial triploid families, rapid clone establishment and genetic improvements have been needed. Here, we report an in vitro method of direct shoot regeneration of a triploid hybrid poplar[(Populus simonii × P. nigra ’Italica’)×(P. × ’popularis’)]. Using different randomized block designs, we selected one triploid to evaluate the explant type, optimal concentrations of plant growth regulators and agar, and culture time under light or dark conditions over 60 days. The highest rate of shoot induction, 80.0%, was obtained using Murashige and Skoog(MS) medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L benzyladenine, 0.04 mg/L naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA), and 5.5 g/L agar for the first 30 days in the dark,then 3 g/L agar for the next 30 days in light. This last medium yielded the best rate of shoot induction(6.32 shoots/explant). These three media were also used to evaluate the influence of the genotypes of the parents and hybrid triploids on regeneration. Two parents and three of the four full-sib triploids were regenerated successfully;different genotypes and explant types significantly affected the rate of shoot induction and average number of shoots.Leaves but not petioles were a suitable explant. One genotype produced the highest rate of shoot induction of 96.67%.Half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.2 mg/L indole butyric acid and 0.04 mg/L NAA was the most effective for rooting; rooting rate was 96.67%, survival rate of transplants was 73.33%, and rooting frequency surpassed 85% for each genotype. Overall, this in vitro regeneration system will be useful for the propagation and genetic modification of triploid poplars.

Changes in Net Barter Terms of Trade for Sino-Australian Agricultural Products after China's Accession to the WTO

Using " chain-based and constant-based" two-step method,this paper measured Paasche net barter terms of trade index for SinoAustralian agricultural products from 2001 to 2013,and further calculated contribution of each category of agricultural products to changes in overall net barter terms of trade. The results showed that since 2001,the overall net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products fluctuated between deterioration and improvement. In 2013,the net barter terms of trade index was 1. 02,and its improvement is not significant. From 2001 to 2013,the net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products improved about 16. 44%,which dominated by the category 0 agricultural products whose influence degree is 6 times and 28 times the degree of category 4 and category 1. In years when the net barter terms of trade for Sino-Australian agricultural products deteriorated,category 2 agricultural products were the root cause for the deterioration.

Research on the Effects of the Most Used Market Power Mitigation Mechanisms Considering Different Market Environments

The market power mitigation method of the supply-side has become one of the key points affecting the stability of the electricity spot market.Different mitigation mechanisms are used in the current mature electricity markets of the world.However,the same market power mitigation mechanism shows different effects in different market environments.Every market operator in the world needs the most efficient way to mitigate market power.Considering that there is no relevant literature discussing the market power effects of different mitigation methods in detail,the mitigation effects need to be discussed and further researched.So,we analyze the effects of the most utilized market power mitigation mechanisms while considering different market environments.Firstly,we establish a Nash-Stackelberg interactive game model to simulate the competitive strategies of power suppliers.Secondly,the different market power mitigation approaches are modeled.Then,a multi-agent system(MAS)genetic interior-point algorithm is proposed to solve the problem of suppliers.Finally,through the simulation analysis,the market power mitigation effects of different mechanisms while considering three operation states of the system in two market structures are all analyzed.

Effect of Direct Aging on Corrosion Behavior of AlSi10Mg Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion

Effect of direct aging of 170℃on corrosion behavior of laser powder bed fused AlSi10Mg(LPBF-AlSi10Mg)was studied by microstructure analysis,electrochemical analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer.The results show that direct aging of 170℃has little effect on melt pool and Si cellular structure,but promotes the precipitation of nano-Si particles and releases the residual stress.With increasing aging time from 0 to 4 h to 24 h,the corrosion property of the LPBF-AlSi10Mg is deteriorated,which is evidenced by increased corrosion current density and decreased pitting potential and polarization resistance.With increasing the aging time,the thickness of the oxide film formed on surface of the LPBF-AlSi10Mg increases.The Si content of the oxide film of the sample aging for 4 h is the lowest,9.42 at.%,and it is the highest,18.62 at.%,for the sample aging for 24 h.The electrochemical noise analysis reveals that the middle-frequency contribution of the Hilbert spectrum is responsible for the deteriorated corrosion performance,which corresponds to metastable pitting initiated by nano-Si particles.

Ultrasound-guided fluid resuscitation versus usual care guided fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Ultrasound is widely used in critical care for fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients.We conducted a systematic review to assess the relationship between ultrasound-guided fluid resuscitation strategies and usual care in septic shock.Methods:We searched PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and registers for randomized controlled trials to evaluate the prognosis of ultrasound-guided fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock.Results:Twelve randomized controlled studies with 947 participants were included.Ultrasound-guided fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock was associated with reduced mortality(risk ratio:0.78;95%confidence interval[CI]:0.65 to 0.94;P=0.007)and 24-hour fluid volume(mean differences[MD]:−1.02;95%CI:−1.28 to−0.75;P<0.001),low heterogeneity(I^(2)=29%,I^(2)=0%),and increased dose of norepinephrine(MD:0.07;95%CI:0.02-0.11;P=0.002)and dobutamine dose(MD:2.2;95%CI:0.35-4.04;P=0.02),with low heterogeneity(I^(2)=45%,I^(2)=0%).There was no reduction in the risk of dobutamine use(risk ratio:1.67;95%CI:0.52 to 5.36;P=0.39;I^(2)=0%).Inferior vena cava-related measures reduced the length of hospital stay(MD:−2.91;95%CI:−5.2 to−0.62;P=0.01;low heterogeneity,I^(2)=8%)and length of intensive care unit stay(MD:−2.77;95%CI:−4.51 to−1.02;P=0.002;low heterogeneity,I^(2)=0%).The use of the passive leg-raising test combined with echocardiography to assess fluid reactivity was superior.Ultrasound-guided fluid resuscitation did not significantly change the length of the free intensive care unit stay(MD:1.5;95%CI:−3.81 to 6.81;P=0.58;I^(2)=0%).Conclusion:Ultrasound-guided fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock is beneficial,especially when using inferior vena cava-related measures and the passive leg-raising test combined with echocardiography.

ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/BiVO_(4)Z-scheme heterojunction for efficient visible-light photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin

A novel Z-scheme ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/BiVO_(4)heterojunction photocatalyst was successfully synthesized using a convenient solvothermal method and applied in the visible light photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin,which is a typical antibiotic contaminant in wastewater.The heterostructure of as-synthesized catalysts was confirmed using X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations.Compared with the singlephase counterparts,ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/BiVO_(4)demonstrated considerably enhanced photogenerated charge separation efficiencies because of the Z-scheme transfer mechanism of electrons between the composite photocatalysts.Consequently,the 30%ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/BiVO_(4)catalyst afforded a degradation rate of up to 97%of 20 mg/L ciprofloxacin under 30 min of visible light irradiation with a total organic carbon removal rate of 50%,which is an excellent activity compared with ever reported BiVO_(4)-based catalysts.In addition,the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and quantitative structure-activity relationships model analyses demonstrated that the toxicity of the intermediates was lower than that of the parent ciprofloxacin.Moreover,the as-synthesized ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/BiVO_(4)heterojunctions were quite stable and could be reused at least four times.This study thus provides a promising Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for the efficient removal and detoxication of antibiotic pollutants from wastewater.

Enhanced Fatigue Properties of 2219 Al Alloy Joints via Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welding

In the present study,2219-T87 Al alloy plates,4 mm in thickness,were subjected to bobbin tool friction stir welding(BTFSW)under relatively high welding speeds of 200 and 400 mm/min,with the aim to analyze the effect of welding speeds on fatigue properties of the joints.The results showed that the tension–tension high-cycle fatigue performance of the BT-FSW joints at room temperature was significantly enhanced compared to that of other joints of 2xxx series Al alloys counterparts.Particularly at a high welding speed of 400 mm/min,the fatigue strength of the joint reached 78%of the base material together with a high tensile strength of 311 MPa.It was found that the joint line remnants had no effects on the fatigue properties of the BT-FSW joints due to the elimination of root flaws under the action of the lower shoulder.Most of the samples with the welding speed of 200 mm/min failed at the thermo-mechanical zone(TMAZ)during fatigue tests,attributable to the coarsened grains and precipitates,but all of the samples with high welding speed of 400 mm/min randomly failed at the nugget zone due to the improved hardness value in the TMAZ.

恶性孤立性纤维性肿瘤临床病理及分子遗传学分析

目的探讨恶性孤立性纤维性肿瘤(malignant solitary fibrous tumor,MSFT)的临床病理、免疫表型及分子遗传学特征。方法收集2018年7月至2020年12月郑州大学第一附属医院诊断的MSFT病例7例,并行免疫组织化学及RNA-based和DNA-based二代测序检测。结果7例患者中,男性5例,女性2例;中位年龄53岁(37~69岁);肿瘤原发于颅底2例,原发于小脑幕、顶枕叶、枕部、胸腔、臀部各1例;肿瘤最大径2.5~20.0 cm。镜下可见典型血管外皮瘤样结构,细胞密度丰富,呈梭形或卵圆形,异型性大,可见坏死和核分裂象(>4个/10 HPF),2例可见经典孤立性纤维性肿瘤形态与去分化区域并存。免疫组织化学结果显示CD34(6/7)、STAT6(7/7)、bcl-2(7/7)阳性表达,S-100蛋白(7/7)阴性表达,广谱细胞角蛋白或上皮细胞膜抗原均有不同程度的阳性表达,p53表现为突变型(3/7),Ki-67阳性指数均大于10%;7例均检测到NAB2-STAT6基因融合,其中4例还分别检测到ZNF415-FGFR1、COPG1-MET、IPO11-LRRC70;cRNA-PLAG1和Clorf198-CD274(PD-L1)基因融合,同时发现7例均存在NOTCH1基因突变,其中4例也存在TP53基因突变;7例TERT启动子突变结果均为阴性。结论MSFT较罕见,需与多种梭形细胞肿瘤鉴别,尤其当肿瘤表达上皮标志物时,易误诊为肉瘤样癌、滑膜肉瘤等,免疫组织化学及NAB2-STAT6融合基因分子检测具有重要的诊断价值;NOTCH1突变和TP53突变与MSFT的进展可能有关;部分病例存在FGFR1基因融合和MET基因融合,可能成为其潜在的治疗靶点。