Dyspnea is a subjective sensation often described as a feeling of respiratory effort,tightness,or air hunger.The underlying mechanisms of this symptom are multifaceted and involve factors such as respiratory centers,c...Dyspnea is a subjective sensation often described as a feeling of respiratory effort,tightness,or air hunger.The underlying mechanisms of this symptom are multifaceted and involve factors such as respiratory centers,cardiovas-cular system,airways,neuromuscular components,and metabolic factors,although not fully elucidated.The classical theory of imbalance between inspiratory neural drive(IND)and the simultaneous dynamic responses of the respiratory system posits that the disruption of a normal and harmo-nious relationship fundamentally shapes the expression of respiratory discomfort.Assessment and comprehensive treatment of dyspnea are crucial for patient rehabilitation,including subjective self-reporting and objective clinical measurements.Non-pharmacological interventions,such as pulmonary rehabilitation,fan therapy,exercise,chest wall vibration,virtual reality technology,traditional Chinese medicine(acupuncture and acupressure),and yoga,have shown promise in alleviating dyspnea symptoms.Addition-ally,oxygen therapy,has demonstrated short-term benefits for patients with pre-hospital respiratory distress and hyp-oxemia.This review provides a comprehensive overview of dyspnea,emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted approach for its assessment and management,with a focus on non-pharmacological interventions that contribute to enhanced patient outcomes and quality of life.展开更多
基金supported by the fund of National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2023-NHLHCRF-YSPY-01 and ZRJY2021-BJ04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82372560)from SJElite Medical Professionals Project of China-Japan Friendship Hospital (NO.ZRJY2021-QM18)from BG.
文摘Dyspnea is a subjective sensation often described as a feeling of respiratory effort,tightness,or air hunger.The underlying mechanisms of this symptom are multifaceted and involve factors such as respiratory centers,cardiovas-cular system,airways,neuromuscular components,and metabolic factors,although not fully elucidated.The classical theory of imbalance between inspiratory neural drive(IND)and the simultaneous dynamic responses of the respiratory system posits that the disruption of a normal and harmo-nious relationship fundamentally shapes the expression of respiratory discomfort.Assessment and comprehensive treatment of dyspnea are crucial for patient rehabilitation,including subjective self-reporting and objective clinical measurements.Non-pharmacological interventions,such as pulmonary rehabilitation,fan therapy,exercise,chest wall vibration,virtual reality technology,traditional Chinese medicine(acupuncture and acupressure),and yoga,have shown promise in alleviating dyspnea symptoms.Addition-ally,oxygen therapy,has demonstrated short-term benefits for patients with pre-hospital respiratory distress and hyp-oxemia.This review provides a comprehensive overview of dyspnea,emphasizing the importance of a multifaceted approach for its assessment and management,with a focus on non-pharmacological interventions that contribute to enhanced patient outcomes and quality of life.
