目的了解上海市男男性行为人群(men who have sex with men,MSM)亚硝酸盐吸入剂(rush popper)使用情况及其相关因素,为制定和实施MSM相关的干预措施提供理论依据。方法于2019—2020年实施横断面调查,对招募的MSM进行面对面的无记名调查...目的了解上海市男男性行为人群(men who have sex with men,MSM)亚硝酸盐吸入剂(rush popper)使用情况及其相关因素,为制定和实施MSM相关的干预措施提供理论依据。方法于2019—2020年实施横断面调查,对招募的MSM进行面对面的无记名调查。收集调查对象的年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况等社会人口学信息,最近6个月的rush popper使用情况及性行为特征,并进行HIV和梅毒血清学检测。采用χ^(2)经验或Fisher确切概率法比较rush popper使用和非使用者人口学和性行为特征的差异。多因素Logistic回归分析影响rush popper使用的因素。结果共调查479名MSM,最近半年rush popper使用率为45.3%(217/479),HIV阳性率为13.4%,梅毒阳性率为6.1%。多因素Logistic分析显示,与rush popper使用相关的因素包括:月收入6000~9999元(aOR=2.379,95%CI:1.056~5.356);外地户籍(aOR=1.968,95%CI:1.267~3.050);通过网络或交友软件寻找男性性伴(aOR=2.583,95%CI:1.067~6.254);同性性行为方式为肛交(aOR=3.426,95%CI:1.486~7.895);肛交角色为被动方(aOR=1.879,95%CI:1.092~3.232);半年内与7人及以上发生性行为(aOR=3.161,95%CI:1.532~6.519);与配偶发生性行为时从未使用安全套(aOR=2.747,95%CI:1.101~6.856);有时使用安全套(aOR=2.846,95%CI:1.171~6.917);HIV阳性(aOR=2.310,95%CI:1.247~4.279)。结论上海市MSM rush popper使用率较高,其使用与导致HIV感染的高危性行为有较强的相关性。制定有针对性的干预措施,减少rush popper在MSM中的使用对于防治艾滋病具有重要的意义。展开更多
目的了解上海市闵行区新发男男性行为(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV-1)感染者相关特征及亚型和原发性耐药现状,为该人群的HIV防治及抗病毒治疗提供依据。方法利用问卷对2014...目的了解上海市闵行区新发男男性行为(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV-1)感染者相关特征及亚型和原发性耐药现状,为该人群的HIV防治及抗病毒治疗提供依据。方法利用问卷对2014年新确诊的HIV-1男性感染者收集相关信息,对其中未进行抗病毒治疗的MSM感染者随机抽取55份冻存血浆,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增和DNA测序,对序列进行亚型及原发性耐药分析。结果 2014年新发MSM感染者主要集中在25～34岁(55.7%),一般男性感染者≥35岁为主(65.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.84,P=0.001);MSM感染者文化程度以大专及以上为主(54.6%),一般男性感染者以初、高中为主(69.2%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.32,P=0.006);MSM感染者主要来源于检测咨询(60.8%),一般男性感染者主要来源于医疗机构(50.0%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.03,P=0.002)。扩增出48条序列,以CRF01_AE亚型为主,占58.3%,其次为CRF07_BC亚型,占20.8%。原发耐药率4.2%,耐药位点2个,为K70R和E138G,分别引起NRTI类AZT中度耐药,D4T低度耐药,以及NNRTI类EFV、ETR、NVP、RPV的低度耐药。结论闵行区MSM感染者相比一般感染者,具有更年轻,文化程度更高,自我检测意识更强的特点,CRF01_AE及CRF07_BC为优势毒株,原发耐药为低度耐药,需加强针对该人群的防控措施及分子流行病学监测。展开更多
Multiwave seismic technology promotes the application of joint PP–PS amplitude versus offset (AVO) inversion;however conventional joint PP–PS AVO inversioan is linear based on approximations of the Zoeppritz equatio...Multiwave seismic technology promotes the application of joint PP–PS amplitude versus offset (AVO) inversion;however conventional joint PP–PS AVO inversioan is linear based on approximations of the Zoeppritz equations for multiple iterations. Therefore the inversion results of P-wave, S-wave velocity and density exhibit low precision in the faroffset;thus, the joint PP–PS AVO inversion is nonlinear. Herein, we propose a nonlinear joint inversion method based on exact Zoeppritz equations that combines improved Bayesian inference and a least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) to solve the nonlinear inversion problem. The initial parameters of Bayesian inference are optimized via particle swarm optimization (PSO). In improved Bayesian inference, the optimal parameter of the LSSVM is obtained by maximizing the posterior probability of the hyperparameters, thus improving the learning and generalization abilities of LSSVM. Then, an optimal nonlinear LSSVM model that defi nes the relationship between seismic refl ection amplitude and elastic parameters is established to improve the precision of the joint PP–PS AVO inversion. Further, the nonlinear problem of joint inversion can be solved through a single training of the nonlinear inversion model. The results of the synthetic data suggest that the precision of the estimated parameters is higher than that obtained via Bayesian linear inversion with PP-wave data and via approximations of the Zoeppritz equations. In addition, results using synthetic data with added noise show that the proposed method has superior anti-noising properties. Real-world application shows the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method, as compared with Bayesian linear inversion.展开更多
文摘目的了解上海市男男性行为人群(men who have sex with men,MSM)亚硝酸盐吸入剂(rush popper)使用情况及其相关因素,为制定和实施MSM相关的干预措施提供理论依据。方法于2019—2020年实施横断面调查,对招募的MSM进行面对面的无记名调查。收集调查对象的年龄、民族、文化程度、婚姻状况等社会人口学信息,最近6个月的rush popper使用情况及性行为特征,并进行HIV和梅毒血清学检测。采用χ^(2)经验或Fisher确切概率法比较rush popper使用和非使用者人口学和性行为特征的差异。多因素Logistic回归分析影响rush popper使用的因素。结果共调查479名MSM,最近半年rush popper使用率为45.3%(217/479),HIV阳性率为13.4%,梅毒阳性率为6.1%。多因素Logistic分析显示,与rush popper使用相关的因素包括:月收入6000~9999元(aOR=2.379,95%CI:1.056~5.356);外地户籍(aOR=1.968,95%CI:1.267~3.050);通过网络或交友软件寻找男性性伴(aOR=2.583,95%CI:1.067~6.254);同性性行为方式为肛交(aOR=3.426,95%CI:1.486~7.895);肛交角色为被动方(aOR=1.879,95%CI:1.092~3.232);半年内与7人及以上发生性行为(aOR=3.161,95%CI:1.532~6.519);与配偶发生性行为时从未使用安全套(aOR=2.747,95%CI:1.101~6.856);有时使用安全套(aOR=2.846,95%CI:1.171~6.917);HIV阳性(aOR=2.310,95%CI:1.247~4.279)。结论上海市MSM rush popper使用率较高,其使用与导致HIV感染的高危性行为有较强的相关性。制定有针对性的干预措施,减少rush popper在MSM中的使用对于防治艾滋病具有重要的意义。
文摘目的了解上海市闵行区新发男男性行为(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV-1)感染者相关特征及亚型和原发性耐药现状,为该人群的HIV防治及抗病毒治疗提供依据。方法利用问卷对2014年新确诊的HIV-1男性感染者收集相关信息,对其中未进行抗病毒治疗的MSM感染者随机抽取55份冻存血浆,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增和DNA测序,对序列进行亚型及原发性耐药分析。结果 2014年新发MSM感染者主要集中在25～34岁(55.7%),一般男性感染者≥35岁为主(65.4%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.84,P=0.001);MSM感染者文化程度以大专及以上为主(54.6%),一般男性感染者以初、高中为主(69.2%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.32,P=0.006);MSM感染者主要来源于检测咨询(60.8%),一般男性感染者主要来源于医疗机构(50.0%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=12.03,P=0.002)。扩增出48条序列,以CRF01_AE亚型为主,占58.3%,其次为CRF07_BC亚型,占20.8%。原发耐药率4.2%,耐药位点2个,为K70R和E138G,分别引起NRTI类AZT中度耐药,D4T低度耐药,以及NNRTI类EFV、ETR、NVP、RPV的低度耐药。结论闵行区MSM感染者相比一般感染者,具有更年轻,文化程度更高,自我检测意识更强的特点,CRF01_AE及CRF07_BC为优势毒株,原发耐药为低度耐药,需加强针对该人群的防控措施及分子流行病学监测。
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.2652017438)the National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2016ZX05003-003)
文摘Multiwave seismic technology promotes the application of joint PP–PS amplitude versus offset (AVO) inversion;however conventional joint PP–PS AVO inversioan is linear based on approximations of the Zoeppritz equations for multiple iterations. Therefore the inversion results of P-wave, S-wave velocity and density exhibit low precision in the faroffset;thus, the joint PP–PS AVO inversion is nonlinear. Herein, we propose a nonlinear joint inversion method based on exact Zoeppritz equations that combines improved Bayesian inference and a least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) to solve the nonlinear inversion problem. The initial parameters of Bayesian inference are optimized via particle swarm optimization (PSO). In improved Bayesian inference, the optimal parameter of the LSSVM is obtained by maximizing the posterior probability of the hyperparameters, thus improving the learning and generalization abilities of LSSVM. Then, an optimal nonlinear LSSVM model that defi nes the relationship between seismic refl ection amplitude and elastic parameters is established to improve the precision of the joint PP–PS AVO inversion. Further, the nonlinear problem of joint inversion can be solved through a single training of the nonlinear inversion model. The results of the synthetic data suggest that the precision of the estimated parameters is higher than that obtained via Bayesian linear inversion with PP-wave data and via approximations of the Zoeppritz equations. In addition, results using synthetic data with added noise show that the proposed method has superior anti-noising properties. Real-world application shows the feasibility and superiority of the proposed method, as compared with Bayesian linear inversion.
