焊层排布对5083/6005A铝合金熔化极气体保护焊接接头显微组织及力学性能的影响

研究焊层排布方式对5083/6005A铝合金熔化极气体保护焊接(GMAW)接头显微组织及力学性能的影响。采用两层两道、两层三道和三层三道3种焊层排布方式获得高质量的对接接头。结果表明,位于6005A铝合金侧热影响区的软化区是5083/6005A铝合金GMAW接头的最薄弱部位。两层两道接头的热影响区再结晶程度和沉淀相溶解程度最高,而三层三道接头的最低。随着焊接层数和道次的增加,部分熔化区的晶界液化程度以及软化区的强度损失得到改善。两层两道接头的抗拉强度为161 MPa,而三层三道接头的抗拉强度提高到217 MPa。

T cells in pancreatic cancer stroma:Tryptophan metabolism plays an important role in immunoregulation

Several studies have shown that the immune system is highly regulated by tryptophan metabolism,which serves as an immunomodulatory factor.The indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1(IDO1),as an intracellular enzyme that participates in metabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan in the kynurenine pathway,is an independent prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer(PC).First,overexpression of IDO1 inhibits the maturation of dendritic cells and T-cell proliferation in the liver and spleen.Second,the high expression of kynurenine induces and activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor,resulting in upregulated programmed cell death protein 1 expression.Third,the induction of IDO1 can lead to loss of the T helper 17 cell/regulatory T cell balance,mediated by the proximal tryptophan catabolite from IDO metabolism.In our study,we found that overexpression of IDO1 upregulated CD8+T cells and reduced natural killer T cells in pancreatic carcinoma in mice.Hence,it may be essential to pay more attention to tryptophan metabolism in patients,especially those who are tolerant to immunotherapy for PC.

具有疏水表面的高强度再生纤维素复合薄膜的制备与微观结构

将纤维素纳米晶(CNCs)混入纤维素溶液中,经过凝胶化再生制得具有疏水表面的高强度再生纤维素复合薄膜。扫描电镜表明CNCs与再生纤维素基体具有良好的相容性。X射线衍射研究发现CNCs的加入使复合薄膜纤维素I型晶含量提高。表面水接触角测试表明CNCs会提高复合薄膜表面亲水性,经过硅烷化改性之后复合薄膜表面呈疏水性,其水接触角约为105°。CNCs的加入使复合薄膜的拉伸强度达到92.0 MPa,相比于纯再生纤维素薄膜(62.7 MPa)提升了46.7%。弹性模量也从3466 MPa提高至6025 MPa,提升了约1.6倍。CNCs的加入能提高再生纤维素薄膜起始热降解温度和热降解峰值温度。

A detector setup for the measurement of angular distribution of heavy-ion elastic scattering with low energy on RIBLL

A detector setup for the measurement of angular distribution of heavy-ion elastic scattering at energies around Coulomb barrier on the radioactive ion beam line in Lanzhou at the heavy-ion research facility in Lanzhou is designed.The beam profile and the scattering angles on the target are deduced by two parallel plate avalanche counters,and four sets of detector telescopes(including doublesided silicon strip detectors) are placed systematically with the beam line,incorporating with Monte Carlo simulations.The data of ^(16)O on ^(89)Y target were analyzed to compare with the simulation results.It is found that the simulated distribution is agreeable with the experimental data.By assuming the pure Rutherford scattering at small scattering angles,the angular distribution of elastic scattering of^(16)O+^(89)Y at low energies can be reasonably obtained.It indicates that this set of detector setup can be used for the measurement of angular distributions of heavy-ion elastic scattering at energies around Coulomb barrier.

Mass transfer techniques for large-scaleand high-density microLED arrays

Inorganic-based micro light-emitting diodes (microLEDs) offer more fascinating properties and unique demands in next-generation displays. However, the small size of the microLED chip (1–100 µm) makes it extremely challenging for high efficiency and low cost to accurately, selectively, integrate millions of microLED chips. Recent impressive technological advances have overcome the drawbacks of traditional pick-and-place techniques when they were utilized in the assembly of microLED display, including the most broadly recognized laser lift-off technique, contact micro-transfer printing (µTP) technique, laser non-contact µTP technique, and self-assembly technique. Herein, we firstly review the key developments in mass transfer technique and highlight their potential value, covering both the state-of-the-art devices and requirements for mass transfer in the assembly of the ultra-large-area display and virtual reality glasses. We begin with the significant challenges and the brief history of mass transfer technique, and expand that mass transfer technique is composed of two major techniques, namely, the epitaxial Lift-off technique and the pick-and-place technique. The basic concept and transfer effects for each representative epitaxial Lift-off and pick-and-place technique in mass transfer are then overviewed separately. Finally, the potential challenges and future research directions of mass transfer are discussed.

Diffusion Bonding of Ti-6Al-4V to QAl 10-3-1.5 with Ni/Cu Interlayers

Ti-6Al-4V 并且 QAI 10-3-1.5 散开结合与 Ni/Cuinterlayers 被执行了。结合散开的关节被扫描电子显微镜学(SEM ) 评估，精力散光谱学(版本) 和微硬度试验。在接口地区的金属间化合的混合物被 X 光检查衍射(XRD ) 检测。在 Ni/Ti-6AI-4V 转变地区和 Cu 的 TiNi+CuTi_3+alpha-Ti 形式的界面的微观结构(ss。Ni ) 在 Ni/Cu 夹层之间的稳固的答案形式。反应层(TrNi ) 的厚度由抛物线的 law:y 与结合的时间增加“ ~ 2=K_0exp (-150000/RT)t, 和 K_0=2.9Xl0^(-7) m~@/s 从实验数据被弄明白。

免疫治疗相关生物标志物在消化道肿瘤中的应用

以程序性死亡-1(programmed death-1,PD-1)及程序性死亡配体1(programmed death-ligand 1,PD-L1)等免疫检查点抑制剂为代表的免疫治疗,使多种消化道肿瘤如胃癌、直肠癌、肝癌等能够获得持续缓解和生存获益,尤其是对有转移或者复发的患者获益更多。但并非所有胃肠道肿瘤的患者对抗PD-1和抗PD-L1的治疗均有较好的反应。因此亟需其他生物标志物来识别对治疗有效和无效的患者,以更好地预测其临床疗效。PD-L1的表达已逐渐成为预测免疫治疗疗效的潜在生物标志物,但仅依靠PD-L1不足以对患者可能的临床结果进行分类。其他生物分子,如肿瘤突变负荷(tumor mutational burden,TMB)、微卫星不稳定(microsatellite instability,MSI)及循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)等也在进一步探索中。但由于这些分子自身的局限性,目前在消化系统肿瘤免疫治疗中尚缺乏较好的生物标志物来实现患者识别和筛选,尤其是肝癌。本文将对已发现的生物标志物进行总结,以期为临床治疗和探索其他新的生物标志物奠定基础。

Depth variation of the Conrad discontinuity in the Qaidam Basin, northwestern China, and its crustal dynamic implications

We use broadband records from a dense seismic network deployed in and around the Qaidam Basin in northwestern China to analyze the crustal phases and investigate the depth of the Conrad and Moho discontinuities as well as the P-wave velocity.Waveform cross-correlation is used to assist in the identification of the crustal phases and in determining their arrival times.Depth of the Conrad discontinuity is determined by fitting the travel times of Conrad-diffracted P-waves using a two-layer model.The depth of the Conrad discontinuity under the eastern part of the basin is shallower than the western part,which can be attributed to different crustal shortening mechanisms.The upper crust shortening in the western part of the basin leads to thickening of the upper crust,while multiple thrust faults result in the rise of the Conrad discontinuity in the east.These two different mechanisms determine the depth change of the Conrad discontinuity in the basin from the west to the east,which is supported by the results in this study.

Reliability of Passive Physical Activity Assessment for Inpatients Using Marker⁃Free Motion Tracking System

Evidence⁃based practices of public health will benefit from quantification of passive physical activity assessment.This study aims to investigate the reliability of marker⁃free system(MFS)such as Microsoft Kinect in measuring upper extremity motion from different angles.Ten healthy participants performed elbow and shoulder extension/flexion along frontal and median anatomical planes for ten pace⁃controlled repetitions,during which the spatiotemporal positions of upper extremity joints were concurrently recorded by two sensors from 0°and 45°viewing angles.Reliability between the two sensors were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficient,intra⁃class correlation coefficients,and 95%limits of agreement and coefficient of variation.Worse reliability was observed when possibility of occlusion was higher.However,better reliability was found when longer observation interval(10 s)was used as elementary measuring unit than shorter observation interval(2 s).The overall angular reliability of activity as displacement or changes in angle was not satisfactory.The results are expected to inform the industry for the extension of MFS to clinic applications.

Transarterial chemoembolization vs. liver resection as initial treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma occurring exclusively in caudate lobe: A retrospective propensity matching analysis

Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in the caudate lobe is technically challenging.This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the clinical outcome of both superselective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)and liver resection(LR)for HCC occurring exclusively in the caudate lobe.From January 2008 to September 2021,a total of 129 patients were diagnosed with HCC of the caudate lobe.The Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the potential clinical factors and established prognostic nomograms with interval validation.Of the total number of patients,78 received TACE and 51 received LR.The overall survival(OS)rates(TACE vs.LR)at 1,2,3,4,and 5 years were 83.9%vs.71.0%;74.2%vs.61.3%;58.1%vs.48.4%;45.2%vs.45.2%;and 32.3%vs.25.0%,respectively.However,subgroup analysis revealed that TACE was superior to LR for treating patients with stage IIb Chinese liver cancer(CNLC-IIb)in the entire cohort(p=0.002).Interestingly,no difference was found between TACE and LR in the treatment outcomes of CNLC-IIa HCC(p=0.6).Based on Child-Pugh A and B calculations,TACE tended to lead to a better OS than LR(p=0.081 and 0.16,respectively).Multivariate analysis showed that Child-Pugh score,CNLC stage,ascites,alpha fetoprotein(AFP),tumor size,and anti-HCV are related to OS.Predictive nomograms for 1,2,and 3 years were performed.Based on this study,TACE may provide a longer OS than liver resection for patients with CNLC-IIb HCC of the caudate lobe.Because this suggestion is limited by the study design and relatively small sample size,additional randomized controlled trials are needed.

Study on Chronic Diseases Comprehensive Intervention in Baoji of Shaanxi Province in China

Background: There is very limited data available about the epidemiology trial on chronic diseases comprehensive intervention. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of comprehensive intervention on chronic diseases in Baoji and provide basis for the improvement of chronic diseases intervention measures. Methods: Using four stages stratified random sampling method, comprehensive intervention measures were implemented on intervention group (575 individuals) respectively aimed at three crowds of whole population, high risk population and chronic diseases patients. The control group (782 individuals) did not receive special treatment. Two groups were evaluated effect after one year observation. Results: The chronic diseases prevalence rate of whole population in intervention group was lower than that in control group (P < 0.05), the blood pressure level and smoking proportion of high risk population in intervention group were lower than in control group (P < 0.05), and the blood pressure, blood glucose control rate of chronic diseases patients in intervention group were higher than in control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Comprehensive intervention could prevent the rise of chronic diseases prevalence. The intervention is effective in reducing or halting risk factors of high risk population, particularly in controlling blood pressure, blood glucose of patients. We should establish government leading, department cooperation, social participation, longtime and classified comprehensive intervention mechanism of chronic diseases. We believe that whole population should control the risk factors, high risk population should early diagnosis and treatment, chronic diseases patients should normalized management, and it could be applied in other counties.

Postponement in New Product Introduction

Agility has now been a main research topic in the l it erature. There is much written on agility mainly focusing on manufacturing p rocess and strategic processes. However, we argue that new product introduction should call for agility as well due to uncertainty about technological advances and customers’ demand. A technological superiority alone may not guarantee succe ss for new product introduction. We focus on the role of postponement for two ma in processes in new product introduction: new product development and new produc t launch. Postponement enables designers to incorporate the most current technol ogical advances and user needs as these co-evolve with the development process. Postponement can also significantly reduce risk associated with new product lau nch. It thus can be expected that postponement will be increasingly employed in new product introduction.

Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stressrelated disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential

Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a chronic,generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide,but its pathogenesis is poorly understood.The heritability estimate of MDD is 30–40%,suggesting that genetics alone do not account for most of the risk of major depression.Another factor known to associate with MDD involves environmental stressors such as childhood adversity and recent life stress.Recent studies have emerged to show that the biological impact of environmental factors in MDD and other stress-related disorders is mediated by a variety of epigenetic modifications.These epigenetic modification alterations contribute to abnormal neuroendocrine responses,neuroplasticity impairment,neurotransmission and neuroglia dysfunction,which are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD.Furthermore,epigenetic marks have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of MDD.The evaluation of epigenetic modifications holds promise for further understanding of the heterogeneous etiology and complex phenotypes of MDD,and may identify new therapeutic targets.Here,we review preclinical and clinical epigenetic findings,including DNA methylation,histone modification,noncoding RNA,RNA modification,and chromatin remodeling factor in MDD.In addition,we elaborate on the contribution of these epigenetic mechanisms to the pathological trait variability in depression and discuss how such mechanisms can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.

An esterase-responsive ibuprofen nano-micelle pre-modified embryo derived nucleus pulposus progenitor cells promote the regeneration of intervertebral disc degeneration

Stem cell-based transplantation is a promising therapeutic approach for intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD).Current limitations of stem cells include with their insufficient cell source,poor proliferation capacity,low nucleus pulposus(NP)-specific differentiation potential,and inability to avoid pyroptosis caused by the acidic IDD microenvironment after transplantation.To address these challenges,embryo-derived long-term expandable nucleus pulposus progenitor cells(NPPCs)and esterase-responsive ibuprofen nano-micelles(PEG-PIB)were prepared for synergistic transplantation.In this study,we propose a biomaterial pre-modification cell strategy;the PEG-PIB were endocytosed to pre-modify the NPPCs with adaptability in harsh IDD microenvironment through inhibiting pyroptosis.The results indicated that the PEG-PIB pre-modified NPPCs exhibited inhibition of pyroptosis in vitro;their further synergistic transplantation yielded effective functional recovery,histological regeneration,and inhibition of pyroptosis during IDD regeneration.Herein,we offer a novel biomaterial pre-modification cell strategy for synergistic transplantation with promising therapeutic effects in IDD regeneration.

Genotype analysis of rotaviruses isolated from children during a phase III clinical trial with the hexavalent rotavirus vaccine in China

The oral hexavalent live human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine(RV6)developed by Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co.,Ltd(WIBP)has finished a randomized,placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial in four provinces of China in 2021.The trail demonstrated that RV6 has a high vaccine efficacy against the prevalent strains and is safe for use in infants.During the phase III clinical trial(2019–2021),200 rotavirus-positive fecal samples from children with RV gastroenteritis(RVGE)were further studied.Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and high-throughput sequencing,VP7 and VP4 sequences were obtained and their genetic characteristics,as well as the differences in antigenic epitopes of VP7,were analyzed in detail.Seven rotavirus genotypes were identified.The predominant rotavirus genotype was G9P[8](77.0%),followed by prevalent strains G8P[8](8.0%),G3P[8](3.5%),G3P[9](1.5%),G1P[8](1.0%),G2P[4](1.0%),and G4P[6](1.0%).The amino acid sequence identities of G1,G2,G3,G4,G8,and G9 genotypes of isolates compared to the vaccine strains were 98.8%,98.2%–99.7%,88.4%–99.4%,98.2%,94.2%–100%,and 93.9%–100%,respectively.Notably,the vaccine strains exhibited high similarity in amino acid sequence,with only minor differences in antigenic epitopes compared to the Chinese endemic strains.This supports the potential application of the vaccine in preventing diseases caused by rotaviruses.

Need of a paradigm shift to conserve endangered species in China’s national park system

CHINAS EVOLVING NATIONAL PARK DESIGNATIONS AND SINGLE LARGE PROTECTED AREA OR SEVERAL SMALL PROTECTED AREAS(SLOSS)DEBATE As of 2021,the International Union for Conservation of Nature estimated that there are over 6,000 national parks(NPs)in more than 100 countries,most of which are strongly focused on endangered species.1 Over the past 6 years,China has invested US$20million in developing the Giant Panda National Park(GPNP)and a furtherUS$16million in establishing theNortheast China Tiger and Leopard National Park(NCTLNP).

Digitally programmable organic light‐emitting tetrodes

Limited to the structure of traditional light‐emitting devices,electronic devices that can directly convert machine language into human visual information without introducing any back‐end circuit are still not easy to achieve.Based on a specially designed three‐phase co‐planar electrode structure,a new type of three‐phase alternating current driven organic light‐emitting device with the integration of emission and control functions,full‐color tunability and simple device structure is demonstrated in this study.We integrate the light‐emitting function of color‐tunable light‐emitting devices and the switching of three triodes in a single three phase organic light‐emitting device.The state control of luminous color and luminance intensity merely requires the introduction of a kind of machine language,that is an easy‐to‐program 6‐bit binary number coded digital signals.The color adjustable area covers 66%of the color triangle of the National Television System Committee.Such simple and easy‐to‐integrate light‐emitting system has great potential applications in the next‐generation man‐machine interface.

Metabolic reprogramming: a new option for the treatment of spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injuries impose a notably economic burden on society,mainly because of the severe after-effects they cause.Despite the ongoing development of various therapies for spinal cord injuries,their effectiveness remains unsatisfactory.However,a deeper understanding of metabolism has opened up a new therapeutic opportunity in the form of metabolic reprogramming.In this review,we explore the metabolic changes that occur during spinal cord injuries,their consequences,and the therapeutic tools available for metabolic reprogramming.Normal spinal cord metabolism is characterized by independent cellular metabolism and intercellular metabolic coupling.However,spinal cord injury results in metabolic disorders that include disturbances in glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism,and mitochondrial dysfunction.These metabolic disturbances lead to corresponding pathological changes,including the failure of axonal regeneration,the accumulation of scarring,and the activation of microglia.To rescue spinal cord injury at the metabolic level,potential metabolic reprogramming approaches have emerged,including replenishing metabolic substrates,reconstituting metabolic couplings,and targeting mitochondrial therapies to alter cell fate.The available evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming holds great promise as a next-generation approach for the treatment of spinal cord injury.To further advance the metabolic treatment of the spinal cord injury,future efforts should focus on a deeper understanding of neurometabolism,the development of more advanced metabolomics technologies,and the design of highly effective metabolic interventions.

Architectural design and electrochemical performance of MOF-based solid-state electrolytes for high-performance secondary batteries

Nowadays solid-state batteries have become a hot spot in the research of batteries and a significant candidate for commercial batteries for the increasing demands for good safety and excellent energy density.Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have been considered as suitable materials for solid-state electrolytes(SSEs)for the merits of regular channels and large specific surface areas,which can provide a promising structural platform for fast-ion conduction.Therefore,numerous kinds of MOF-based SSEs with enhanced electrochemical performance have been successfully synthesized and studied in recent years.In this review,the recent progress(synthesis methods,physical and chemical characteristics)of MOF-based SSEs for secondary batteries have been summarized.Finally,the challenges and opportunities faced by the future development in this field are put forward,hoping to provide some enlightenment for the synthesis of MOF-based SSEs,so as to create more efficient,long-lasting,and safe SSE-based secondary batteries.

邛崃山系水鹿的冬季食性

水鹿(Rusa unicolor)为珍稀濒危动物,属国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物,其食物匮乏季的食性研究对其保护至关重要。本文以四川邛崃山系鞍子河保护地的水鹿为研究对象,采用高通量测序(high-throughput sequencing,HTS)技术对其冬季18份有效粪便样品中的摄食植物进行了分析。结果表明:(1)水鹿摄食植物有50科94属;(2)水鹿冬季偏好食物为悬钩子属(Rubus)、山茱萸属(Cornus)、青荚叶属(Helwingia)、马蓝属(Strobilanthes)、荚蒾属(Viburnum)、清风藤属(Sabia)、旌节花属(Stachyurus)、菝葜属(Smilax)、槭属(Acer)和绣球属(Hydrangea)植物,且蔷薇科悬钩子属植物为最重要的食物来源;(3)水鹿在冬季摄食植物多样性高、食物生态位宽;(4)水鹿具有强的环境适应性和资源利用能力,在冬季会通过摄食更多的植物类型和适当调整生态位而适应环境变化。本研究结论将有利于水鹿及其同域生活的偶蹄目动物的管理策略制定。