Mammography combined with breast dynamic contrast-enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of early breast cancer

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the application of mammography combined with breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI) for the diagnosis of early breast cancer. Methods Mammography and DCE-MRI were performed for 120 patients with breast cancer(malignant, 102; benign; 18). Results The sensitivity of mammography for early diagnosis of breast cancer was 66.67%, specificity was 77.78%, and accuracy was 68.33%. The sensitivity of MRI for early diagnosis of breast cancer was 94.12%, specificity was 88.89%, and accuracy was 93.33%. However, the sensitivity of mammography combined with DCE-MRI volume imaging with enhanced water signal(VIEWS) scanning for early diagnosis of breast cancer was 97.06%, specificity was 94.44%, and accuracy was 96.67%. Conclusion Mammography combined with DCE-MRI increased the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of diagnosing early breast cancer.

Artificial Intelligence Meets Flexible Sensors:Emerging Smart Flexible Sensing Systems Driven by Machine Learning and Artificial Synapses

The recent wave of the artificial intelligence(AI)revolution has aroused unprecedented interest in the intelligentialize of human society.As an essential component that bridges the physical world and digital signals,flexible sensors are evolving from a single sensing element to a smarter system,which is capable of highly efficient acquisition,analysis,and even perception of vast,multifaceted data.While challenging from a manual perspective,the development of intelligent flexible sensing has been remarkably facilitated owing to the rapid advances of brain-inspired AI innovations from both the algorithm(machine learning)and the framework(artificial synapses)level.This review presents the recent progress of the emerging AI-driven,intelligent flexible sensing systems.The basic concept of machine learning and artificial synapses are introduced.The new enabling features induced by the fusion of AI and flexible sensing are comprehensively reviewed,which significantly advances the applications such as flexible sensory systems,soft/humanoid robotics,and human activity monitoring.As two of the most profound innovations in the twenty-first century,the deep incorporation of flexible sensing and AI technology holds tremendous potential for creating a smarter world for human beings.

应用特征融合预测富士苹果可溶性固形物含量

针对传统苹果无损检测方法成本高,不利于携带等问题,使用富士苹果RGB图像的不同特征预测其可溶性固形物含量。通过统计方法和卷积神经网络提取苹果图像的颜色特征、纹理特征和局部特征。拼接以上特征,利用融合特征训练回归模型,得到预测结果。结果表明,基于融合特征的模型的预测决定系数Rp2=0.6557,优于基于单一特征的模型。

Effects of maternal methyl donor intake during pregnancy on ileum methylation and function in an intrauterine growth restriction pig model

Background Intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)affects intestinal growth,morphology,and function,which leads to poor growth performance and high mortality.The present study explored whether maternal dietary methyl donor(MET)supplementation alleviates IUGR and enhances offspring’s growth performance by improving intestinal growth,function,and DNA methylation of the ileum in a porcine IUGR model.Methods Forty multiparous sows were allocated to the control or MET diet groups from mating until delivery.After farrowing,8 pairs of IUGR and normal birth weight piglets from 8 litters were selected for sampling before suckling colostrum.Results The results showed that maternal MET supplementation tended to decrease the IUGR incidence and increased the average weaning weight of piglets.Moreover,maternal MET supplementation significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of isoleucine,cysteine,urea,and total amino acids in sows and newborn pig-lets.It also increased lactase and sucrase activity in the jejunum of newborn piglets.MET addition resulted in lower ileal methionine synthase activity and increased betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity in the ileum of newborn piglets.DNA methylation analysis of the ileum showed that MET supplementation increased the methyla-tion level of DNA CpG sites in the ileum of newborn piglets.Down-regulated differentially methylated genes were enriched in folic acid binding,insulin receptor signaling pathway,and endothelial cell proliferation.In contrast,up-regulated methylated genes were enriched in growth hormone receptor signaling pathway and nitric oxide biosyn-thetic process.Conclusions Maternal MET supplementation can reduce the incidence of IUGR and increase the weaning litter weight of piglets,which may be associated with better intestinal function and methylation status.

Color-polarization synergistic target detection method considering shadow interference

Aiming at the problem of shadow interference in UAV's ground reconnaissance,a color and polarization synergistic target detection method is proposed for anti-shadow interference,based on the influence of two physical characteristics(wavelength and polarization)under different illuminations.A valid fusion strategy is proposed via integrating two separate detection results on color and polarization images.Moreover,a local enhancement and recognition module(LER)is introduced to boost the performance.Based on our built dataset,experimental results show that our method achieves mAPof 87.76%,and12.37%higher than that of color image and 14.68%higher than that of polarization image.

Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows

Background Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein(CP)and amino acid(AA)digestibility of soybean meal(SBM)from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows.Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA,Brazil,and China were selected.In Exp.1,eight different diets were created:a nitrogen(N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source.Eight non-pregnant,multiparous sows were arranged in an 8×8 Latin square design(8 periods and 8 diets).In Exp.2,the diet formula was the same as in Exp.1.Eight gestating sows(parity 3)were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4×3 Youden square design(three periods and four diets)in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages.Results When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows,the standardized ileal digestibility(SID)of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different(P>0.05).When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for Arg,His,Lys,Phe,Cys,Gly,Ser,and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5(P<0.05),whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4(P<0.05).SID values for Ile,Ala,and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5(P<0.05).Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys,Ala,and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages(P<0.05).Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows(P<0.01),whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows(P<0.01).Conclusions When fed to mid-gestating sows,the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples.The SID values for Lys,Met,Val,Ala,Asp,and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages.Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.

Haploids can be induced in knockout mutants of OsPLA1,but not OsDMP3 or OsDMP6,in rice

Doubled haploid(DH)technology is an important tool in crop breeding because it can significantly accelerate the breeding process.ZmPLA1/MATL/NLD and ZmDMP are two key genes controlling haploid induction(HI)in maize,exhibiting a synergistic effect.However,it is unknown whether knock out of ZmDMP orthologs can stimulate HI in rice.In this study,a ZmPLA1 ortholog(OsPLA1)and two ZmDMP orthologs(OsDMP3 and OsDMP6)were identified in rice.All three genes encode plasma membrane-localized proteins and were highly expressed in mature anthers.Knockout of OsPLA1 in both Minghui 63 and Nipponbare resulted in reduced seed setting rate(SSR)and caused HI.The osdmp3,osdmp6 and the double mutant failed to trigger HI independently,nor increased the haploid induction rate(HIR)when combined with ospla1.Repeated pollinations operations of QX654A with the ospla1 mutant significantly improve SSR,while reducing HIR.RNA-seq profiling of mature ospla1 mutant anthers indicated that a large number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were enriched in redox homeostasis and lipid metabolic GO terms,plant hormone signal transduction,and MAPK signaling pathways.These findings provide important insights towards construction of an efficient DH breeding technology and study of the molecular mechanism of HI in rice.

可穿戴手语翻译设备在聋哑人教学中的应用研究

为解决聋哑人的交流问题,设计了一种基于手势识别的穿戴式手语翻译器。该装置通过六轴陀螺仪和应变传感器采集手部数据并传输给STM32微处理器,采用模板匹配-神经网络混合算法分析出正确的手语动作,通过语音播报模块将手语信息以语音形式播报,打破了传统聋哑人手语课堂教学的局限性,具有识别速度快、准确率高、便携、耐磨等优点。

An Efficient Method for Identifying Lower Limb Behavior Intentions Based on Surface Electromyography

Surface electromyography(sEMG)is widely used for analyzing and controlling lower limb assisted exoskeleton robots.Behavior intention recognition based on sEMG is of great significance for achieving intelligent prosthetic and exoskeleton control.Achieving highly efficient recognition while improving performance has always been a significant challenge.To address this,we propose an sEMG-based method called Enhanced Residual Gate Network(ERGN)for lower-limb behavioral intention recognition.The proposed network combines an attention mechanism and a hard threshold function,while combining the advantages of residual structure,which maps sEMG of multiple acquisition channels to the lower limb motion states.Firstly,continuous wavelet transform(CWT)is used to extract signals features from the collected sEMG data.Then,a hard threshold function serves as the gate function to enhance signals quality,with an attention mechanism incorporated to improve the ERGN’s performance further.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ERGN achieves extremely high accuracy and efficiency,with an average recognition accuracy of 98.41%and an average recognition time of only 20 ms-outperforming the state-of-the-art research significantly.Our research provides support for the application of lower limb assisted exoskeleton robots.

Dietary fiber during gestation improves lactational feed intake of sows by modulating gut microbiota

Background The feed intake of sows during lactation is often lower than their needs.High-fiber feed is usually used during gestation to increase the voluntary feed intake of sows during lactation.However,the mechanism underlying the effect of bulky diets on the appetites of sows during lactation have not been fully clarified.The current study was conducted to determine whether a high-fiber diet during gestation improves lactational feed intake(LFI)of sows by modulating gut microbiota.Methods We selected an appropriate high-fiber diet during gestation and utilized the fecal microbial transplanta-tion(FMT)method to conduct research on the role of the gut microbiota in feed intake regulation of sows during lactation,as follows:high-fiber(HF)diet during gestation(n=23),low-fiber(LF)diet during gestation(n=23),and low-fiber diet+HF-FMT(LFM)during gestation(n=23).Results Compared with the LF,sows in the HF and LFM groups had a higher LFI,while the sows also had higher peptide tyrosine tyrosine and glucagon-like peptide 1 on d 110 of gestation(G110 d).The litter weight gain of piglets during lactation and weaning weight of piglets from LFM group were higher than LF group.Sows given a HF diet had lower Proteobacteria,especially Escherichia-Shigella,on G110 d and higher Lactobacillus,especially Lactobacil-lus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus,on d 7 of lactation(L7 d).The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella was reduced by HF-FMT in numerically compared with the LF.In addition,HF and HF-FMT both decreased the perinatal concentrations of proinflammatory factors,such as endotoxin(ET),lipocalin-2(LCN-2),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β).The concentration of ET and LCN-2 and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Escheri-chia-Shigella were negatively correlated with the LFI of sows.Conclusion The high abundance of Proteobacteria,especially Escherichia-Shigella of LF sows in late gestation,led to increased endotoxin levels,which result in inflammatory responses and adverse effects on the LFI of sows.Add-ing HF during gestation reverses this process by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus,especially Lactobacil-lus_mucosae_LM1 and Lactobacillus_amylovorus.

Maternal organic selenium supplementation during gestation enhances muscle fiber area and muscle fiber maturation of offspring in porcine model

Background:Organic selenium supplementation during gestation improves the antioxidant status and reproduc-tive performance of sows and increases the antioxidative capacity of the intestines of their offspring.This study was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal basel diet(control)supplemented with an organic Se,2-hydroxy-4-methylselenobutanoic acid(HMSeBA),or inorganic sodium selenite(Na_(2)SeO_(3))during gestation on the antioxidant status and development of muscle in newborn and weaned piglets.Newborn piglets before colostrum intake and weaned piglets were selected for longissimus dorsi(LD)muscle collection and analysis.Results:The results showed that maternal HMSeBA supplementation increased the muscle area and content of Se in the LD muscle of newborn piglets,improved gene expression of selenoproteins,and decreased oxidative status in the LD muscle of both newborn and weaned piglets compared with the control.The expression of muscle development-related genes of newborn piglets in the HMSeBA group was lower than in the control group,whereas the expression of MRF4 in weaned piglets was higher in the HMSeBA group than in the control and Na_(2)SeO_(3)groups.In addition,HMSeBA supplementation decreased the mRNA expressions of myosin heavy chains(MyHC)IIx and MyHC IIb and the percentage of MyHC IIb;increased the expression of PGC-1αin the LD muscle of newborn piglets;increased the gene expression of MyHC IIa;and decreased the protein expression of slow MyHC and the activity of malate dehydrogenase in the LD muscle of weaned piglets compared with the control group.Conclusions:Maternal HMSeBA supplementation during gestation can improve the antioxidative capacity of the muscle of their offspring and promote the maturity of muscle fibres in weaned offspring.

抵钉座经肛置入法腹部无切口手术与腹腔镜直肠前切除术的对比研究

目的:探讨抵钉座经肛置入法腹部无切口手术(natural orifice specimen extraction surgery,NOSES)与腹腔镜直肠前切除术(laparoscopic anterior rectectomy,LAR)的临床效果比较。方法:回顾性分析2019年1月至2020年1月在菏泽市立医院接受治疗的60例中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料,其中NOSES组(n=30)作为观察组行抵钉座经肛置入法肛门外翻切除标本腹部无切口手术,对照组(n=30)行LAR,对比分析两组术中和术后各临床相关指标。术后随访6~12个月,观察肿瘤复发情况。结果:两组患者手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹病例,两组术中出血量、术中淋巴结清扫数目、术后并发症发生率、肿瘤复发率等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);NOSES组手术时间、术后疼痛评分、首次下床活动时间、肛门排气时间、首次进食时间、住院时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:NOSES治疗中低位直肠癌安全可行、效果满意。相比传统腹腔镜手术具有手术时间短、术后疼痛轻、下床活动早、肛门排气早、进食时间早、住院时间短、腹部无切口疤痕、快速康复等优点,而术后并发症及肿瘤复发率无明显增加,值得临床上推广应用。

含DGs的配网多阶段故障恢复

针对含分布式电源(DGs)的配网快速故障恢复问题,提出了一种多阶段故障恢复方法.该故障恢复方法有机融合了故障拓扑识别、孤岛划分、含DGs主网连通性恢复和网络重构、切负荷操作四个阶段.当配电网发生故障时,采用故障拓扑识别法分析故障区域,确定下一步故障恢复执行阶段并更新失电区的拓扑参数;孤岛配置阶段,提出了深度优先搜索算法的孤岛划分方法,以优先恢复关键负荷和最大化负荷恢复量为目标,并提高DGs利用率;采用启发式规则优选联络开关迅速恢复失电区与主网的连通性;网络重构阶段基于父子链表规则避免了不可行解的产生,潮流计算验证是否执行下一阶段;切负荷阶段切除非关键负荷以保证系统稳定运行.算例表明:该方法适用于含DGs的配电网发生大面积停电、多重故障、连锁故障等情况,能根据实际情况制定有效恢复策略,提高了复杂故障恢复的效率,具有很强的适用性.

浅谈公猪养殖过程中的营养问题

公猪在养猪生产中的重要性日益突出,然而由于人们对公猪营养的研究相对较少,尚有许多问题困扰着行业的发展。文章就养猪生产上十分关注的一些问题进行简单的描述和分析,以为规模化养殖场种公猪营养的制定提供依据和参考。

计及电磁模特高频信号的局部放电模式识别方法

特高频(UHF)法局部放电检测已经成为高压GIS及变压器等设备常用的运维检测手段,但由于该方法是通过测量电磁波间接检测局部放电强度,使得基于该方法的局部放电模式识别技术准确率不高,而且一直没有得到很好的解决。本文引入TE_( m1)模截止频率作为PD UHF信号时频分布图的分割依据,对单一绝缘缺陷激发的PD UHF信号进行预处理、时频分布图分割、特征参数提取和选择以及PSO-ELM识别等操作,最终可准确判断出PD信号类型,提高GIS绝缘缺陷类型的识别准确率。这种分割方法增强了图谱特征的空间分布信息,对改善特高频法识别局部放电的准确率具有实际应用价值。

基于博弈论的多目标配电网重构

提出了一种基于博弈论的多目标配电网重构模型,该模型充分考虑了风电和光伏发电的出力不确定性,以降低配电网有功损耗、均衡负荷过载和减少开关操作次数为综合优化目标。将3个目标函数视为不同的博弈者,并考虑各目标之间存在的相互制约关系,加入"后评价"选择机制,构建了合作博弈联盟模型探讨目标间可能存在的联系,并采用改进萤火虫算法对模型进行求解,利用适应度值的大小确定最终重构方案。IEEE 33节点配电网的测试结果表明,所用算法能够快速找到多目标重构博弈模型的均衡解,验证了在加入分布式电源的情况下,网络重构能明显改善配电网的各项指标。

Cu-Ce催化剂上CO催化燃烧反应机理研究进展

CO作为大气主要污染物之一,来源较为广泛。工业炉窑、冶金工业以及机动车尾气排放等均会造成CO大量排放,污染环境。催化燃烧技术是公认的有效限制并消除CO的主流技术,可通过引入催化剂的方式实现CO低温高效转化,已在汽车尾气排放、CO优先氧化等低温催化氧化领域形成了产业化应用,且效果显著。Cu-Ce复合氧化物催化剂具有低温高效、寿命长且廉价等优点,成为应用于CO催化燃烧的首选催化剂。综述近年来Cu-Ce体系催化剂上CO催化燃烧反应的研究进展,列举了不同的催化剂制备方法,概括了Cu-Ce催化剂的结构形貌-性能关系与载体-活性组分的强相互作用规律(尺寸效应、界面效应),分析了基于表征技术、原位试验与反应动力学等方法得到的不同反应路径之间的差异,总结出CO催化燃烧微观反应机理。同时根据不同工业废气中CO浓度变化特点,介绍了中国科学院力学研究所高效洁净燃烧课题组近年的相关工作进展,最后对CO催化燃烧反应研究未来发展方向进行了展望。以转炉炼钢过程中产生的转炉放散煤气(CO≤35%)为例,设计制备出低温高效CuCe 0.75 Zr 0.25 O y催化剂,并进一步合成工业级蜂窝陶瓷催化剂,提出了CO自持催化燃烧技术,探究得到宽CO浓度范围(1%~20%)条件下的CO催化燃烧反应规律(诱导阶段、热飞温及热自持阶段),确定了较详细的CO催化燃烧反应路径(M-K和L-H机理)与稳燃机制(贫燃极限、稳燃温度场、换热特性),为转炉放散煤气从所需燃气引燃到自身能量回收利用的双向节能提供切实可行的技术方案。未来CO催化燃烧反应机理研究可从新型高效纳米Cu-Ce催化剂出发,寻找精细的形貌可控催化剂制备方法与规模化生产技术,制得活性位原子利用率高、持久高效的催化剂,采用先进的原位表征试验技术与理论模拟计算方法,深入研究催化剂载体-活性组分相互作用演化规律,开展CO催化燃烧吸附-反应-脱附过程的定性定量研究,以丰富CO催化燃烧安全控制理论,考察长时间复杂烟气环境下催化剂的各项性能,促进工业节能减排的发展。

计及分布式电源不确定性的快速网络重构

快速网络重构技术是实现智能配电网自愈控制技术最重要的手段之一。分布式电源以其清洁性和可再生性被越来越多地加入到配电系统中,充分考虑风电和光伏的接入不确定性,构建风电和光伏出力模型,并以配电网网络损耗和负荷均衡度2个重要指标,构建双目标配网快速重构模型。针对多环网的3种不可行解产生情形,提出了4条重构编码规则,使重构过程中无不可行解产生,并将其与改进萤火虫算法有机融合,以实现快速网络重构。以IEEE33节点配电网作为算例,验证了在加入分布式电源的情况下,通过快速网络重构能明显改善配网各项指标。

基于改进Canny算法的复合绝缘子憎水性检测

针对传统Canny算法的客观缺陷,提出一种基于改进Canny算法的复合绝缘子憎水性检测方法。联合小波去噪和多尺度Retinex处理方法实现对复合绝缘子表面液滴图像灰度分布的改善;运用Sobel算子计算梯度幅值;采用二维自适应类间方差完成憎水性图像的水珠轮廓分割;最后根据最大面积比法判断复合绝缘子憎水性等级。实验结果表明,利用该方法进行去噪处理可以抑制背景对水珠的干扰,有效地提取水珠(或水迹)的形状信息,增强复合绝缘子的图像分析效果,准确地识别HC_1～HC_3级憎水性的复合绝缘子。

毫米波透波窗口设计技术

通过对毫米波透波窗口材料特性的研究,开展了单层、多层(3层、5层)透波窗口的设计,重点分析了端口匹配对窗口传输损耗和引入噪声的影响,并开展了Ka频段透波窗口的试制和引入噪声测试试验。试验结果表明,通过多层电介质匹配设计的透波窗口,在工作频段范围内,传输损耗优于0.2 dB,引入等效噪声温度Te≤14K,有效降低了窗口的端口反射,同时大幅拓展了匹配带宽。