Relationship between heavy metals and dissolved organic matter released from sediment by bioturbation/bioirrigation

Organic matter(OM) is an important component of sediment. Bioturbation/bioirrigation can remobilize OM and heavy metals that were previously buried in the sediment. The remobilization of buried organic matter, thallium(Tl), cadmium(Cd), copper(Cu) and zinc(Zn) from sediment was studied in a laboratory experiment with three organisms: tubificid,chironomid larvae and loach. Results showed that bioturbation/bioirrigation promoted the release of dissolved organic matter(DOM) and dissolved Tl, Cd, Cu and Zn, but only dissolved Zn concentrations decreased with exposure time in overlying water. The presence of organisms altered the compositions of DOM released from sediment,considerably increasing the percentage of fulvic acid-like materials(FA) and humic acidlike materials(HA). In addition, bioturbation/bioirrigation accelerated the growth and reproduction of bacteria to enhance the proportion of soluble microbial byproduct-like materials(SMP). The DOM was divided into five regions in the three-dimensional excitation emission matrix(3 D-EEM), and each part had different correlation with the dissolved heavy metal concentrations. Dissolved Cu had the best correlation with each of the DOM compositions, indicating that Cu in the sediment was in the organic-bound form.Furthermore, the organism type and heavy metal characteristics both played a role in influencing the remobilization of heavy metal.

Phenanthrene sorption to environmental black carbon in sediments from the Song-Liao watershed(China)

Black carbon(BC)in ten contaminated sediments from the Song-Liao watershed,NE China,was isolated upon treatments using a combustion method at 375℃,and the isolates’sorption isotherms for phenanthrene(Phen)were determined.All sorption isotherms were nonlinear and fitted well by the Freundlich model.A negative relation was found between Freundlich sorption nonlinearity parameter(n values)and BC/total organic carbon(TOC)content of the original sediments(r^(2)=0.687,p<0.01),indicating the dominance of BC in Phen sorption nonlinearity.The BC isolates from this industrialized region had n values of 0.342 to 0.505 and logKFOC values of 6.02 to 6.42(μg·kg^(–1)·OC^(–1))/(μg·L^(–1))n for Phen.At a given Ce,the BC had higher Koc value than the original sediments,revealing a higher sorption capacity for BC.BC was responsible for 50.0%to 87.3%of the total sorption at Ce=0.05 Sw,clearly indicating the dominance of BC particles in overall sorption of Phen by sediments.

Interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton reactions catalyzed by iron-based materials： A review

The heterogeneous Fenton reaction can generate highly reactive hydroxyl radicals（·OH）from reactions between recyclable solid catalysts and H2O2 at acidic or even circumneutral pH.Hence,it can effectively oxidize refractory organics in water or soils and has become a promising environmentally friendly treatment technology.Due to the complex reaction system,the mechanism behind heterogeneous Fenton reactions remains unresolved but fascinating,and is crucial for understanding Fenton chemistry and the development and application of efficient heterogeneous Fenton technologies.Iron-based materials usually possess high catalytic activity,low cost,negligible toxicity and easy recovery,and are a superior type of heterogeneous Fenton catalysts.Therefore,this article reviews the fundamental but important interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton reactions catalyzed by iron-based materials..OH,hydroperoxyl radicals/superoxide anions（HO2./O2^-.）and high-valent iron are the three main types of reactive oxygen species（ROS）,with different oxidation reactivity and selectivity.Based on the mechanisms of ROS generation,the interfacial mechanisms of heterogeneous Fenton systems can be classified as the homogeneous Fenton mechanism induced by surface-leached iron,the heterogeneous catalysis mechanism,and the heterogeneous reaction-induced homogeneous mechanism.Different heterogeneous Fenton systems catalyzed by characteristic iron-based materials are comprehensively reviewed.Finally,related future research directions are also suggested.

Facile synthesis of graphene-based hyper-crosslinked porous carbon composite with superior adsorption capability for chlorophenols

In this work,we proposed a green and cost-effective method to prepare a graphene-based hyper-cross-linked porous carbon composite(GN/HCPC)by one-pot carbonization of hyper-cross-linked polymer(HCP)and glucose.The composite combined the advantages of graphene(GN)and hyper-cross-linked porous carbon(HCPC),leading to high specific surface area(396.93 m^2/g)and large total pore volume(0.413 cm^3/g).The resulting GN/HCPC composite was applied as an adsorbent to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)from aqueous solutions.The influence of different solution conditions including pH,ionic strength,contact time,system temperature and concentration of humic acid was determined.The maximum adsorption capacity of GN/HCPC composite(calculated by the Langmuir model)could reach 348.43 mg/g,which represented increases of 43.6%and 13.6%over those of the as-prepared pure GN and HCPC,respectively.The Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were found to fit well with the adsorption process.Thermodynamic experiments suggested that the adsorption proceeded spontaneously and endothermically.In addition,the GN/HCPC composite showed high adsorption performance toward other organic contaminants including tetracycline,bisphenol A and phenol.Measurement of the adsorption capability of GN/HCPC in secondary effluent revealed a slight decrease over that in pure water solution.This study demonstrated that the GN/HCPC composite can be utilized as a practical and efficient adsorbent for the removal of organic contaminants in wastewater.

On-line batch production of ferrate with an chemical method and its potential application for greywater recycling with Al(Ⅲ) salt

Ferrate（Ⅵ ） salt is an oxidant and coagulant for water and wastewater treatment. It is considered as a possible alternative method in greywater treatment. However, challenges have existed in putting ferrate（Ⅵ ） technology into full-scale practice in water and wastewater treatment due to the instability of ferrate solution and high production cost of solid ferrate products. This study demonstrated a new approach of greywater treatment with on-line batch production of Fe（Ⅵ ） to which Fe（Ⅲ ） salt was oxidized at a weak acidity solution. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Fe（Ⅵ ） on light greywater（total organic carbon（TOC） = 19.5 mg/L） and dark greywater（TOC = 55 mg/L）treatment under different conditions with varying p H and Fe（Ⅵ ） doses. In addition, the combination use of Fe（Ⅵ ） and Al（Ⅲ ） salts was proved to be more efficient than using the Fe（Ⅵ ） salts alone at greywater recycling. The optimum dosage of Fe（Ⅵ ）/Al（Ⅲ ） salts was 25/25 mg/L for light greywater, 90/60 mg/L for dark greywater, respectively. The TOC values of both light greywater and dark greywater were reduced to less than 3 mg/L with the dosages.The cost for treating greywater was 0.06–0.2 $/ton at ferrate（Ⅵ ） dosage of 25–90 mg/L and0.008–0.024 $/ton at AlCl3 dosage of 25–60 mg/L. The full operating cost needs further assessment before the Fe（Ⅵ ）/Al（Ⅲ ） technology could be implemented in greywater treatment.