Realizing single light solitons that are stable in high dimensions is a long-standing goal in research of nonlinear optical physics.Here,we address a scheme to generate stable two-dimensional solitons in a cold Rydber...Realizing single light solitons that are stable in high dimensions is a long-standing goal in research of nonlinear optical physics.Here,we address a scheme to generate stable two-dimensional solitons in a cold Rydberg atomic system with a parity-time(PT) symmetric moiré optical lattice.We uncover the formation,properties,and their dynamics of fundamental and two-pole gap solitons as well as vortical ones.The PT symmetry,lattice strength,and the degrees of local and nonlocal nonlinearity are tunable and can be used to control solitons.The stability regions of these solitons are evaluated in two numerical ways:linear-stability analysis and time evolutions with perturbations.Our results provide an insightful understanding of solitons physics in combined versatile platforms of PT-symmetric systems and Rydberg–Rydberg interaction in cold gases.展开更多
The use of a nerve conduit provides an opportunity to regulate cytokines,growth factors and neurotrophins in peripheral nerve regeneration and avoid autograft defects.We constructed a poly-D-L-lactide(PDLLA)-based ner...The use of a nerve conduit provides an opportunity to regulate cytokines,growth factors and neurotrophins in peripheral nerve regeneration and avoid autograft defects.We constructed a poly-D-L-lactide(PDLLA)-based nerve conduit that was modified using poly{(lactic acid)-co-[(glycolic acid)-alt-(L-lysine)]}andβ-tricalcium phosphate.The effectiveness of this bioactive PDLLA-based nerve conduit was compared to that of PDLLA-only conduit in the nerve regeneration following a 10-mm sciatic nerve injury in rats.We observed the nerve morphology in the early period of regeneration,35 days post injury,using hematoxylin-eosin and methylene blue staining.Compared with the PDLLA conduit,the nerve fibers in the PDLLA-based bioactive nerve conduit were thicker and more regular in size.Muscle fibers in the soleus muscle had greater diameters in the PDLLA bioactive group than in the PDLLA only group.The PDLLA-based bioactive nerve conduit is a promising strategy for repair after sciatic nerve injury.展开更多
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common malignant tumor that affects people worldwide.Metagenomic analyses have shown an enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum)in colorectal carcinoma tissue;many studies have ind...Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common malignant tumor that affects people worldwide.Metagenomic analyses have shown an enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum)in colorectal carcinoma tissue;many studies have indicated that F.nucleatum is closely related to the colorectal carcinogenesis.In this review,we provide the latest information to reveal the related molecular mechanisms.The known virulence factors of F.nucleatum promote adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells via FadA and Fap2.Besides,Fap2 also binds to immune cells causing immunosuppression.Furthermore,F.nucleatum recruits tumor-infiltrating immune cells,thus yielding a pro-inflammatory microenvironment,which promotes colorectal neoplasia progression.F.nucleatum was also found to potentiate CRC development through toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)/toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling and microRNA(miRNA)-21 expression.In addition,F.nucleatum increases CRC recurrence along with chemoresistance by mediating a molecular network of miRNA-18a*,miRNA-4802,and autophagy components.Moreover,viable F.nucleatum was detected in mouse xenografts of human primary colorectal adenocarcinomas through successive passages.These findings indicated that an increased number o f F.nucleatum in the tissues is a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC,and the underlying molecular mechanism can probably provide a potential intervention treatment strategy for patients with F.nucleatum-associaied CRC.展开更多
Current cancer therapies have encountered adverse response due to poor therapeutic efficiency,severe side effects and acquired resistance to multiple drugs.Thus,there are urgent needs for finding new cancer-targeted p...Current cancer therapies have encountered adverse response due to poor therapeutic efficiency,severe side effects and acquired resistance to multiple drugs.Thus,there are urgent needs for finding new cancer-targeted pharmacological strategies.In this review,we summarized the current understanding with THZ1,a covalent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7(CDK7),which demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity against different cancer types.By introducing the anti-tumor behaviors and the potential targets for different cancers,this review aims to provide more effective approaches to CDK7 inhibitor-based therapeutic agents and deeper insight into the diverse tumor proliferation mechanisms.展开更多
Chronic fatigue syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that lasts for a long time and doesn't alleviate with rest.The number of the cases has been increasing during the era of COVID-1...Chronic fatigue syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that lasts for a long time and doesn't alleviate with rest.The number of the cases has been increasing during the era of COVID-19 pandemic.Acupuncture may have some effect on chronic fatigue syndrome,but its mechanism remains unclear.This article was to summarize the specific manifestations of abnormal central mechanism in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome through laboratory tests and neuroimaging.It was found from the laboratory evaluation that there were changes in the structure of the frontal cortex,thalamus and other brain tissues;factors,including IFN-a and IL-10 in cerebrospinal fluid were found abnormal;results of oxidative and nitrosative stress and changes in neurobiochemical substances,e.g.hypothalamus hormone levels and neurotransmitter concentrations,were observed.With magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography,it was shown that the partial brain of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome had morphological changes with diminished grey matter and white;changes in cerebral blood flow velocity caused by decreased perfusion and functional activity with abnormal connectivity in brain were detected.In addition,there was significant decrease in glucose metabolism accompanied with neuroinflammatory response;metabolic disorders of serotonergic,cholinergic,glutamatergic and yaminobutyric acid energy neurotransmitters were also discovered.The regulatory effect of acupuncture on the above central neurological abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome model animals was elaborated,and the direction for further research was analyzed in order to provide ideas for further research on the central mechanism of acupuncture treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome.展开更多
Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disorder,accompanied by pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and dysregulated gut microbiota.Recently,accumulating evidence has supported a corr...Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disorder,accompanied by pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and dysregulated gut microbiota.Recently,accumulating evidence has supported a correlation between gut dysbiosis and CP development.However,whether gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to CP pathogenesis remains unclear.Herein,an experimental CP was induced by repeated high-dose caerulein injections.The broad-spectrum antibiotics(ABX)and ABX targeting Gram-positive(G+)or Gram-negative bacteria(G-)were applied to explore the specific roles of these bacteria.Gut dysbiosis was observed in both mice and in CP patients,which was accompanied by a sharply reduced abundance for short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)-producers,especially G+bacteria.Broad-spectrum ABX exacerbated the severity of CP,as evidenced by aggravated pancreatic fibrosis and gut dysbiosis,especially the depletion of SCFAs-producing G+bacteria.Additionally,depletion of SCFAs-producing G+bacteria rather than G-bacteria intensified CP progression independent of TLR4,which was attenuated by supplementation with exogenous SCFAs.Finally,SCFAs modulated pancreatic fibrosis through inhibition of macrophage infiltration and M2 phenotype switching.The study supports a critical role for SCFAs-producing G+bacteria in CP.Therefore,modulation of dietary-derived SCFAs or G+SCFAs-producing bacteria may be considered a novel interventive approach for the management of CP.展开更多
People with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social cognitive functions, particularly emotion regulation. Abnormal activations of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex （vMPFC） during emotional tasks have been demonstra...People with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social cognitive functions, particularly emotion regulation. Abnormal activations of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex （vMPFC） during emotional tasks have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, suggesting its important role in emotion processing in patients. We used the resting-state functional connectivity approach, setting a functionally relevant region, the vMPFC, as a seed region to examine the intrinsic functional interactions and communication between the vMPFC and other brain regions in schizophrenic patients. We found hypo-connectivity between the vMPFC and the medial frontal cortex, right middle temporal lobe （MTL）, right hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex （PHC） and amygdala. Further, there was a decreased strength of the negative connectivity （or anticorrelation） between the vMPFC and the bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC） and pre-supplementary motor areas. Among these connectivity alterations, reduced vMPFC-DLPFC connectivity was positively correlated with positive symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, while vMPFC-right MTL/PHC/amygdala functional connectivity was positively correlated with the performance of emotional regulation in patients. These findings imply that communication and coordination throughout the brain networks are disrupted in schizophrenia. The emotional correlates of vMPFC connectivity suggest a role of the hypo-connectivity between these regions in the neuropathology of abnormal social cognition in chronic schizophrenia.展开更多
Background： Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） has exhibited antitumor properties in several types of cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this function remain...Background： Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） has exhibited antitumor properties in several types of cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this function remain incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to characterize the global impact of EGCG on the expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in NPC cells. Methods： Using microarray analysis, the alterations of miRNA expression profiles were investigated in EGCG-treated CNE2 cells. Furthermore, the target genes and signaling pathways regulated by EGCG-specific miRNAs were identified using target prediction program and gene ontology analysis. Results： A total of 14 miRNAs exhibited 〉2-fold expression changes in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with 20 μmol/L and 40 μmol/L EGCG. Totally 43, 49, and 52 target genes from these differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with the apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and cell proliferation, respectively. A total of 66 signaling pathways, primarily involved in cancer development and lipid and glucose metabolism, were shown to be regulated by EGCG-specific miRNAs. Conclusion： EGCG induces considerable alterations of miRNA expression profiles in CNE2 cells, which provides mechanistic insights into cellular responses and antitumor activity mediated by EGCG.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62275075,11975172,and 12261131495)the Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leaders Plan (Grant No.20XD1402000)the Training Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship for Undergraduates of Hubei Province (Grant No.S202210927036)。
文摘Realizing single light solitons that are stable in high dimensions is a long-standing goal in research of nonlinear optical physics.Here,we address a scheme to generate stable two-dimensional solitons in a cold Rydberg atomic system with a parity-time(PT) symmetric moiré optical lattice.We uncover the formation,properties,and their dynamics of fundamental and two-pole gap solitons as well as vortical ones.The PT symmetry,lattice strength,and the degrees of local and nonlocal nonlinearity are tunable and can be used to control solitons.The stability regions of these solitons are evaluated in two numerical ways:linear-stability analysis and time evolutions with perturbations.Our results provide an insightful understanding of solitons physics in combined versatile platforms of PT-symmetric systems and Rydberg–Rydberg interaction in cold gases.
基金supported by a grant from the National Key Basic Research Program of China,No.2011CB606205a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.51403168+1 种基金a grant from the Major Scientific and Technological Research Projects of the Ministry of Education of China,No.313041a grant from the Scientific and Technological Cooperation Projects of Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan,China,No.2015DFH30180
文摘The use of a nerve conduit provides an opportunity to regulate cytokines,growth factors and neurotrophins in peripheral nerve regeneration and avoid autograft defects.We constructed a poly-D-L-lactide(PDLLA)-based nerve conduit that was modified using poly{(lactic acid)-co-[(glycolic acid)-alt-(L-lysine)]}andβ-tricalcium phosphate.The effectiveness of this bioactive PDLLA-based nerve conduit was compared to that of PDLLA-only conduit in the nerve regeneration following a 10-mm sciatic nerve injury in rats.We observed the nerve morphology in the early period of regeneration,35 days post injury,using hematoxylin-eosin and methylene blue staining.Compared with the PDLLA conduit,the nerve fibers in the PDLLA-based bioactive nerve conduit were thicker and more regular in size.Muscle fibers in the soleus muscle had greater diameters in the PDLLA bioactive group than in the PDLLA only group.The PDLLA-based bioactive nerve conduit is a promising strategy for repair after sciatic nerve injury.
文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a common malignant tumor that affects people worldwide.Metagenomic analyses have shown an enrichment of Fusobacterium nucleatum(F.nucleatum)in colorectal carcinoma tissue;many studies have indicated that F.nucleatum is closely related to the colorectal carcinogenesis.In this review,we provide the latest information to reveal the related molecular mechanisms.The known virulence factors of F.nucleatum promote adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells via FadA and Fap2.Besides,Fap2 also binds to immune cells causing immunosuppression.Furthermore,F.nucleatum recruits tumor-infiltrating immune cells,thus yielding a pro-inflammatory microenvironment,which promotes colorectal neoplasia progression.F.nucleatum was also found to potentiate CRC development through toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)/toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling and microRNA(miRNA)-21 expression.In addition,F.nucleatum increases CRC recurrence along with chemoresistance by mediating a molecular network of miRNA-18a*,miRNA-4802,and autophagy components.Moreover,viable F.nucleatum was detected in mouse xenografts of human primary colorectal adenocarcinomas through successive passages.These findings indicated that an increased number o f F.nucleatum in the tissues is a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC,and the underlying molecular mechanism can probably provide a potential intervention treatment strategy for patients with F.nucleatum-associaied CRC.
文摘Current cancer therapies have encountered adverse response due to poor therapeutic efficiency,severe side effects and acquired resistance to multiple drugs.Thus,there are urgent needs for finding new cancer-targeted pharmacological strategies.In this review,we summarized the current understanding with THZ1,a covalent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7(CDK7),which demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity against different cancer types.By introducing the anti-tumor behaviors and the potential targets for different cancers,this review aims to provide more effective approaches to CDK7 inhibitor-based therapeutic agents and deeper insight into the diverse tumor proliferation mechanisms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China:No.82074539the National Natural Science Foundation of China:No.81704170+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province:No.LH2020H092the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund:No.LBH-Q.18117the National Key Talents Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation。
文摘Chronic fatigue syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by extreme fatigue that lasts for a long time and doesn't alleviate with rest.The number of the cases has been increasing during the era of COVID-19 pandemic.Acupuncture may have some effect on chronic fatigue syndrome,but its mechanism remains unclear.This article was to summarize the specific manifestations of abnormal central mechanism in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome through laboratory tests and neuroimaging.It was found from the laboratory evaluation that there were changes in the structure of the frontal cortex,thalamus and other brain tissues;factors,including IFN-a and IL-10 in cerebrospinal fluid were found abnormal;results of oxidative and nitrosative stress and changes in neurobiochemical substances,e.g.hypothalamus hormone levels and neurotransmitter concentrations,were observed.With magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography,it was shown that the partial brain of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome had morphological changes with diminished grey matter and white;changes in cerebral blood flow velocity caused by decreased perfusion and functional activity with abnormal connectivity in brain were detected.In addition,there was significant decrease in glucose metabolism accompanied with neuroinflammatory response;metabolic disorders of serotonergic,cholinergic,glutamatergic and yaminobutyric acid energy neurotransmitters were also discovered.The regulatory effect of acupuncture on the above central neurological abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome model animals was elaborated,and the direction for further research was analyzed in order to provide ideas for further research on the central mechanism of acupuncture treatment for chronic fatigue syndrome.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82070666,82122068)the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20200026,China)+4 种基金the Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.JUSRP221037,JUSRP22007,China)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M721366)the Excellent Postdoctoral Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.2023ZB168,China)Wuxi City’s first“double hundred”young and middle-aged medical and health talents(Grant No:BJ2020045,China)Wuxi Social Development Science and Technology Demonstration Project(Grant No:N20201003,China)。
文摘Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disorder,accompanied by pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and dysregulated gut microbiota.Recently,accumulating evidence has supported a correlation between gut dysbiosis and CP development.However,whether gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to CP pathogenesis remains unclear.Herein,an experimental CP was induced by repeated high-dose caerulein injections.The broad-spectrum antibiotics(ABX)and ABX targeting Gram-positive(G+)or Gram-negative bacteria(G-)were applied to explore the specific roles of these bacteria.Gut dysbiosis was observed in both mice and in CP patients,which was accompanied by a sharply reduced abundance for short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)-producers,especially G+bacteria.Broad-spectrum ABX exacerbated the severity of CP,as evidenced by aggravated pancreatic fibrosis and gut dysbiosis,especially the depletion of SCFAs-producing G+bacteria.Additionally,depletion of SCFAs-producing G+bacteria rather than G-bacteria intensified CP progression independent of TLR4,which was attenuated by supplementation with exogenous SCFAs.Finally,SCFAs modulated pancreatic fibrosis through inhibition of macrophage infiltration and M2 phenotype switching.The study supports a critical role for SCFAs-producing G+bacteria in CP.Therefore,modulation of dietary-derived SCFAs or G+SCFAs-producing bacteria may be considered a novel interventive approach for the management of CP.
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission(D0906001040191,D101107047810005,D101100050010051)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7102086)+3 种基金the Fund for Capital Medical Development and Research(2007-3059)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81171409)Startup Foundation for Distinguished Research Professors of the Institute for Psychology(Y0CX492S03)Fund for Outstanding Talents in Beijing(2012D003034000003)
文摘People with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social cognitive functions, particularly emotion regulation. Abnormal activations of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex （vMPFC） during emotional tasks have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, suggesting its important role in emotion processing in patients. We used the resting-state functional connectivity approach, setting a functionally relevant region, the vMPFC, as a seed region to examine the intrinsic functional interactions and communication between the vMPFC and other brain regions in schizophrenic patients. We found hypo-connectivity between the vMPFC and the medial frontal cortex, right middle temporal lobe （MTL）, right hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex （PHC） and amygdala. Further, there was a decreased strength of the negative connectivity （or anticorrelation） between the vMPFC and the bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC） and pre-supplementary motor areas. Among these connectivity alterations, reduced vMPFC-DLPFC connectivity was positively correlated with positive symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, while vMPFC-right MTL/PHC/amygdala functional connectivity was positively correlated with the performance of emotional regulation in patients. These findings imply that communication and coordination throughout the brain networks are disrupted in schizophrenia. The emotional correlates of vMPFC connectivity suggest a role of the hypo-connectivity between these regions in the neuropathology of abnormal social cognition in chronic schizophrenia.
基金The present study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81502411）, Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province （No. 2014A020212560）, and PhD Start-up Fund of Guangdong Medical University （No. B2014001）.
文摘Background： Epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） has exhibited antitumor properties in several types of cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC）, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this function remain incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to characterize the global impact of EGCG on the expression of microRNAs （miRNAs） in NPC cells. Methods： Using microarray analysis, the alterations of miRNA expression profiles were investigated in EGCG-treated CNE2 cells. Furthermore, the target genes and signaling pathways regulated by EGCG-specific miRNAs were identified using target prediction program and gene ontology analysis. Results： A total of 14 miRNAs exhibited 〉2-fold expression changes in a dose-dependent manner after treatment with 20 μmol/L and 40 μmol/L EGCG. Totally 43, 49, and 52 target genes from these differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with the apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and cell proliferation, respectively. A total of 66 signaling pathways, primarily involved in cancer development and lipid and glucose metabolism, were shown to be regulated by EGCG-specific miRNAs. Conclusion： EGCG induces considerable alterations of miRNA expression profiles in CNE2 cells, which provides mechanistic insights into cellular responses and antitumor activity mediated by EGCG.
