Analysis of coping styles of elderly women patients with stress urinary incontinence

Objective:The aim of this study was to survey the coping style and related factors of elderly women with stress urinary incontinence(SUI)and provide a strong theoretical basis for promoting a positive coping style to improve quality of life in these patients.Methods:Cross-sectional surveys addressing SUI cognition and coping techniques of 520 elderly women patients with SUI were administered between July 2013 and February 2014.Results:Elderly women with SUI had significantly higher avoidance and acceptanceresignation scores than the normal population(p<0.05).Age,marital status,education level and stress urinary incontinence cognitive level all influenced the medical coping style of these patients.Conclusions:Elderly female patients with SUI differ in the factors that influence their coping styles;therefore,clinical and community medical staff should include a comprehensive analysis that takes these factors into consideration when working with patients with SUI to guide them in adopting a positive coping style.

Identification and characterization of related substances in EVT-401 by hyphenated LC–MS techniques

A sensitive and selective method was developed for the separation and characterization of related substances(RSs) in EVT-401 by hyphenated LC–MS techniques. Complete separation of the RSs was achieved with an Inertsil ODS-SP column(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) by linear gradient elution using a mobile phase consisting of 0.2% formic acid solution, methanol and acetonitrile. EVT-401 was found to be susceptible to acid, alkaline and oxidative stresses, while relatively stable under photolytic and thermal dry stress conditions. Fourteen RSs including six process-related substances and eight degradation products were detected and identified in EVT-401 with positive ESI high-resolution TOF-MS analysis of their parent ions and the corresponding product mass spectra elucidation, and some of them were further verified by chemical synthesis and NMR spectroscopy. The specific LC–MS method developed for separation, identification and characterization of RSs is valuable for EVT-401 manufacturing process optimization and quality control.

CuInSe_(2)/CuInS_(2)Ⅱ型核壳结构量子点的构建及高效光电化学电池

环保型CuInSe_(2)量子点具有高消光系数和宽光谱吸收范围,在光电化学催化应用中展现了良好的发展前景.然而,CuInSe_(2)量子点较低的载流子分离能力和严重的界面电荷复合降低了其光电化学性能,制约了其应用.因此,我们设计并合成了具有Ⅱ型能带排列的CuInSe_(2)/CuInS_(2)核/壳结构量子点,以促进载流子分离、减少界面缺陷;进一步通过调节In/Cu前驱体的摩尔比,产生铜空位.光物理性质研究表明,导带电子-铜空位捕获的空穴之间的辐射复合成为主要的复合方式,有效延长了载流子寿命,促进了载流子分离.因此,基于富铜空位的CuInSe_(2)/CuInS_(2)核壳量子点的光阳极获得了~8.0 mA cm^(-2)的最大饱和光电流密度,该性能是当前报道的CISe基量子点光电化学电池中的最高值之一.本工作提供了一种通过表面或内在缺陷的调控来促进光电化学应用中的电荷载流子分离和传输的有效方法.

电动汽车热泵全生命周期气候性能评估模型与环保制冷剂减排分析

为满足我国“双碳”(碳达峰、碳中和)目标和《<蒙特利尔议定书>基加利修正案》的要求,采用低全球变暖潜能值(global warming potential,GWP)的热泵系统有助于从直接和间接两个方面全面减少新能源汽车碳排放.然而,目前对于采用何种低GWP工质尚无定论,几乎所有研究仅仅采用GWP值来衡量制冷剂的环保性能,对低GWP工质热泵系统全生命周期气候性能(life cycle climate performance,LCCP)的认识明显不足,同时也缺少适用于新能源汽车热泵的LCCP评估模型.为此,本文基于7个城市的气候数据、当地供电特性、真实世界驾驶循环、乘员舱冷热负荷与舒适性、热泵系统台架测试等,新开发了适用于电动汽车热泵的完整LCCP模型.基于该模型,对传统高GWP工质R134a和R410A、低GWP工质CO_(2),以及先前开发的新型高效环保工质CO_(2)/R41(GWP为49)、M2(非共沸混合物,GWP为137)在电动汽车热泵中的全生命周期环境影响作了评估.结果表明,建立的LCCP模型对热泵系统性能系数(coefficient of performance,COP)的预测精度在±6.5%.LCCP中的直接排放主要与制冷剂的GWP相关,几乎不受气候影响,而间接排放主要受气候、制冷剂类型以及发电碳排放强度的影响.在本文所研究的制冷剂中,CO_(2)/R41电动汽车热泵系统LCCP最低,其LCCP值相比R134a系统减少了5%~42%,相比CO_(2)系统减少了1%~21%.本文所建立的模型与计算结果可为电动汽车热泵制冷剂替代政策的制定提供决策依据.

Polymeric nanocomposites for electrocaloric refrigeration

Electrocaloric refrigeration represents an alternative solid-state cooling technology that has the potential to reach the ultimate goal of achieving zero-global-warming potential,highly efficient refrigeration,and heat pumps.To date,both polymeric and inorganic oxides have demonstrated giant electrocaloric effect as well as respective cooling devices.Although both polymeric and inorganic oxides have been identified as promising cooling methods that are distinguishable from the traditional ones,they still pose many challenges to more practical applications.From an electrocaloric material point of view,electrocaloric nanocomposites may provide a solution to combine the beneficial effects of both organic and inorganic electrocaloric materials.This article reviews the recent advancements in polymer-based electrocaloric composites and the state-of-the-art cooling devices operating these nanocomposites.From a device point of view,it discusses the existing challenges and potential opportunities of electrocaloric nanocomposites.

Local coordination and electronic interactions of Pd/MXene via dual‐atom codoping with superior durability for efficient electrocatalytic ethanol oxidation

Catalyst design relies heavily on electronic metal‐support interactions,but the metal‐support interface with an uncontrollable electronic or coordination environment makes it challenging.Herein,we outline a promising approach for the rational design of catalysts involving heteroatoms as anchors for Pd nanoparticles for ethanol oxidation reaction(EOR)catalysis.The doped B and N atoms from dimethylamine borane(DB)occupy the position of the Ti_(3)C_(2)lattice to anchor the supported Pd nanoparticles.The electrons transfer from the support to B atoms,and then to the metal Pd to form a stable electronic center.A strong electronic interaction can be produced and the d‐band center can be shifted down,driving Pd into the dominant metallic state and making Pd nanoparticles deposit uniformly on the support.As‐obtained Pd/DB–Ti_(3)C_(2)exhibits superior durability to its counterpart(∼14.6%retention)with 91.1%retention after 2000 cycles,placing it among the top single metal anodic catalysts.Further,in situ Raman and density functional theory computations confirm that Pd/DB–Ti_(3)C_(2)is capable of dehydrogenating ethanol at low reaction energies.

Polarization-independent highly efficient generation of Airy optical beams with dielectric metasurfaces

Airy optical beams have emerged to hold enormous theoretical and experimental research interest due to their outstanding characteristics.Conventional approaches suffer from bulky and costly systems,as well as poor phase discretization.The newly developed metasurface-based Airy beam generators have constraints of polarization dependence or limited generation efficiency.Here,we experimentally demonstrate a polarization-independent silicon dielectric metasurface for generation of high-efficiency Airy optical beams.In our implementation,rather than synchronous manipulation of the amplitude and phase by plasmonic or Huygens’metasurfaces,we employ and impose a 3/2 phase-only manipulation to the dielectric metasurface,consisting of an array of silicon nanopillars with an optimized transmission efficiency as high as 97%.The resultant Airy optical beams possess extraordinarily large deflection angles and relatively narrow beam widths.Our validated scheme will open up a fascinating doorway to broaden the application scenarios of Airy optical beams on ultracompact photonic platforms.

The effects of plant resource inputs on the energy flux of soil nematodes are affected by climate and plant resource type

The relative abundance of different components of the soil food web can vary tremendously in response to plant resource inputs.However,little is known about the mechanisms that plant resource regulates the energy fluxes and soil community composition.Here,we experimentally reduced litter and root inputs for two years in China at low-,mid-,and high-latitude forests to explore the effects of plant-derived resource inputs on the nematode energy flux and community composition.Litter reduction at high and mid latitudes and root removal at low latitudes reduced nematode richness but did not alter nematode abundance.Besides,litter reduction reduced energy fluxes of bacterial-feeding nematodes at mid latitudes and energy fluxes of plant-feeding,bacterial-feeding and omnivorous-predatory nematodes at low latitudes,thus reducing the energy fluxes of total nematodes in mid-and low-latitude forests.By contrast,root removal reduced energy fluxes and relative energy flux of plant-feeding nematodes in high-and low-latitude forests.In most cases,nematode diversity in different trophic groups increased with increasing energy flux to nematodes.Taken together,our results suggest that the effects of plant resource inputs on nematode energy flux are affected by climate and plant resource type,which improves our understanding of plant-soil interactions.

Infection and Genomic Characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni from a Patient Without Diarrhea — China, 2018

Summary What is already known about this topic?A 20-month-old boy was admitted to the hospital with a maximum temperature of 40°C and a single convulsion.Unexpectedly,blood culture detected Francisella tularensis(F.tularensis)using the VITEK 2 Compact System.What is added by this report?After incubation of the patient’s blood for 48 hours,the cultured strain was identified as Campylobacter jejuni,named L8,excluding F.tularensis.In the genome sequence of L8,we found a novel Type VI Secretion System(T6SS),of which the conserved C-terminal VgrG domain from positions 561 to 884 showed significant changes.What are the implications for public health practice?It should be underscored that relying solely on automatic bacterial identification instruments for accurate strain identification is unreliable.Moreover,our study suggests that the potential effect of T6SS should be considered when studying the genetic features of a patient’s clinical phenotypes.