Photothermal‐boosted polaron transport in Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

Introduction of the photothermal effect into transition-metal oxide photoanodes has been proven to be an effective method to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC)water-splitting performance.However,the precise role of the photothermal effect on the PEC performance of photoanodes is still not well understood.Herein,spinel-structured ZnFe_(2)O_(4)nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3)),and the ZnFe_(2)O_(4)/Fe_(2)O_(3)photoanode achieves a high photocurrent density of 3.17 mA cm^(-2)at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode(VRHE)due to the photothermal effect of ZnFe_(2)O_(4).Considering that the hopping of electron small polarons induced by oxygen vacancies is thermally activated,we clarify that the main reason for the enhanced PEC performance via the photothermal effect is the promoted mobility of electron small polarons that are bound to positively charged oxygen vacancies.Under the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and the photothermal effect,the electron conductivity and PEC performance are significantly improved,which provide fundamental insights into the impact of the photothermal effect on the PEC performance of small polaron-type semiconductor photoanodes.

Molecular Mechanisms of Intracellular Delivery of Nanoparticles Monitored by an Enzyme‑Induced Proximity Labeling

Achieving increasingly finely targeted drug delivery to organs,tissues,cells,and even to intracellular biomacromolecules is one of the core goals of nanomedicines.As the delivery destination is refined to cellular and subcellular targets,it is essential to explore the delivery of nanomedicines at the molecular level.However,due to the lack of technical methods,the molecular mechanism of the intracellular delivery of nanomedicines remains unclear to date.Here,we develop an enzyme-induced proximity labeling technology in nanoparticles(nano-EPL)for the real-time monitoring of proteins that interact with intracellular nanomedicines.Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)nanoparticles coupled with horseradish peroxidase(HRP)were fabricated as a model(HRP(+)-PNPs)to evaluate the molecular mechanism of nano delivery in macrophages.By adding the labeling probe biotin-phenol and the catalytic substrate H_(2)O_(2)at different time points in cellular delivery,nano-EPL technology was validated for the real-time in situ labeling of proteins interacting with nanoparticles.Nano-EPL achieves the dynamic molecular profiling of 740 proteins to map the intracellular delivery of HRP(+)-PNPs in macrophages over time.Based on dynamic clustering analysis of these proteins,we further discovered that different organelles,including endosomes,lysosomes,the endoplasmic reticulum,and the Golgi apparatus,are involved in delivery with distinct participation timelines.More importantly,the engagement of these organelles differentially affects the drug delivery efficiency,reflecting the spatial–temporal heterogeneity of nano delivery in cells.In summary,these findings highlight a significant methodological advance toward understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the intracellular delivery of nanomedicines.

Galactosylated chitosan/5-fluorouracil nanoparticles inhibit mouse hepatic cancer growth and its side effects

AIM:To observe the curative effect of galactosylated chitosan(GC)/5-fluorouracil(5-FU) nanoparticles in liver caner mice and its side effects.METHODS:The GC/5-FU nanoparticle is a nanomaterial made by coupling GC and 5-FU.The release experiment was performed in vitro.The orthotropic liver cancer mouse models were established and divided into control,GC,5-FU and GC/5-FU groups.Mice in the control and GC group received an intravenous injection of 200 L saline and GC,respectively.Mice in the 5-FU and GC/5-FU groups received 200 L(containing 0.371 mg 5-FU) 5-FU and GC/5-FU,respectively.The tumor weight and survival time were observed.The cell cycle and apoptosis in tumor tissues were monitored by flow cytometry.The expression of p53,Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3 and poly adenosine 50-diphosphate-ribose polymerase 1(PARP-1) was detected by immunohistochemistry,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.The serum blood biochemical parameters and cytotoxic activity of natural killer(NK) cell and cytotoxicity T lymphocyte(CTL) were measured.RESULTS:The GC/5-FU nanoparticle is a sustained release system.The drug loading was 6.12% ± 1.36%,the encapsulation efficiency was 81.82% ± 5.32%,and the Zeta potential was 10.34 ± 1.43 mV.The tumor weight in the GC/5-FU group(0.4361 ± 0.1153 g vs 1.5801 ± 0.2821 g,P < 0.001) and the 5-FU(0.7932 ± 0.1283 g vs 1.5801 ± 0.2821 g,P < 0.001) was significantly lower than that in the control group;GC/5FU treatment can significantly lower the tumor weight(0.4361 ± 0.1153 g vs 0.7932 ± 0.1283 g,P < 0.001),and the longest median survival time was seen in the GC/5-FU group,compared with the control(12 d vs 30 d,P < 0.001),GC(13 d vs 30 d,P < 0.001) and 5-FU groups(17 d vs 30 d,P < 0.001).Flow cytometry revealed that compared with the control,GC/5FU caused a higher rate of G0-G1 arrest(52.79% ± 13.42% vs 23.92% ± 9.09%,P = 0.014) and apoptosis(2.55% ± 1.10% vs 11.13% ± 11.73%,P < 0.001) in hepatic cancer cells.Analysis of the apoptosis pathways showed that GC/5-FU upregulated the expression of p53 at both the protein and the mRNA levels,which in turn lowered the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax expression;this led to the release of cytochrome C into the cytosol from the mitochondria and the subsequent activation of caspase-3.Upregulation of caspase-3 expression decreased the PARP-1 at both the mRNA and the protein levels,which contributed to apoptosis.5-FU increased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase,and decreased the numbers of platelet,white blood cell and lymphocyte and cytotoxic activities of CTL and NK cells,however,there were no such side effects in the GC/5-FU group.CONCLUSION:GC/5-FU nanoparticles can significantly inhibit the growth of liver cancer in mice via the p53 apoptosis pathway,and relieve the side effects and immunosuppression of 5-FU.

The appliances and prospects of aurum nanomaterials in biodiagnostics, imaging, drug delivery and combination therapy

Aurum nanomaterials(ANM), combining the features of nanotechnology and metal elements, have demonstrated enormous potential and aroused great attention on biomedical applications over the past few decades. Particularly, their advantages, such as controllable particle size, flexible surface modification, higher drug loading, good stability and biocompatibility, especially unique optical properties, promote the development of ANM in biomedical field. In this review, we will discuss the advanced preparation process of ANM and summarize their recent applications as well as their prospects in diagnosis and therapy. Besides, multi-functional ANM-based theranostic nanosystems will be introduced in details, including radiotherapy(RT), photothermal therapy(PTT), photodynamic therapy(PDT), immunotherapy(IT), and so on.

One-pot preparation of nanodispersion with readily available components for localized tumor photothermal and photodynamic therapy

Photothermal(PTT) and photodynamic(PDT) combined therapy has been hindered to clinical translation, due to the lack of available biomaterials, difficult designs of functions,and complex chemical synthetic or preparation procedures. To actualize a high-efficiency combination therapy for cancer via a feasible approach, three readily available materials are simply associated together in one-pot, namely the single-walled carbon nanohorns(SWCNH), zinc phthalocyanine(ZnPc), and surfactant TPGS. The established nanodispersion is recorded as PCT. The association of SWCNH/ZnPc/TPGS was confirmed by energy dispersive spectrum, Raman spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis. Under lighting, PCT induced a temperature rising up to about 60 ℃ due to the presence of SWCNH, production a 7-folds of singlet oxygen level elevation because of ZnPc, which destroyed almost all4T1 tumor cells in vitro. The photothermal effect of PCT depended on both laser intensity and nanodispersion concentration in a linear and nonlinear manner, respectively. After a single peritumoral injection in mice and laser treatment, PCT exhibited the highest tumor temperature rise(to 65 ℃) among all test groups, completely destroyed primary tumor without obvious toxicity, and inhibited distant site tumor. Generally, this study demonstrated the high potential of PCT nanodispersion in tumor combined therapy.

Optimize the combination regimen of Trastuzumab and Nab-paclitaxel in HER2-positive tumors via modulating Caveolin-1 expression by lovastatin

The combination regimen of trastuzumab(Tras)plus Nab-paclitaxel(Nab)is recommended to treat HER2-positive(HER2+)cancers.However,they exert effects in different mechanisms:Tras need to stay on cell membranes,while Nab need to be endocytosed,therefore the concurrent combination regimen may not be the best one in HER2+tumors treatment.Caveolin-1(Cav-1)is a key player in mediating their endocytosis and is associated with their efficacy,but few researches noticed the opposite effect of Cav-1 expression on the combination efficacy.Herein,we systematically studied the Cav-1 expression level on the combination efficacy and proposed an optimized and clinically feasible combination regimen for HER2+Cav-1 High tumor treatment.In the regimen,lovastatin(Lova)was introduced to modulate the Cav-1 expression and the results indicated that Lova could downregulate Cav-1 expression,increase Tras retention on cell membrane and enhance the in vitro cytotoxicity of Tras in HER2+Cav-1 High cells but not in HER2+Cav-1 Low cells.Therefore,by exchanging the dosing sequence of Nab and Tras,and by adding Lova at appropriate time points,the precise three-drug-sequential regimen(PTDS,Nab(D1)-Lova(D2)-Lova&Tras(D2+12 h))was established.Compared with the concurrent regimen,the PTDS regimen exhibited a higher in vitro cytotoxicity and a stronger tumor growth inhibition in HER2+Cav-1 High tumors,which might be a promising combination regimen for these patients in clinics.

Effects of Pheretima sp. and Eisenia foetida on Changes in Microbial Populations of Forest Soil in Different Seasons

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of artificially cultured Eisenia foetida and wild earthworms ( Pheretima sp.) on the changes of microbial populations in forest soil in different seasons.[Methods]Artificially cultured E.foetida and wild earthworms were introduced to forest soil,and changes in the number of microbial populations under earthworm-microbe interaction were investigated in different seasons by tracking observation.The effects of earthworm activities on the number of different microbial populations were discussed also.[Results]Different microbial populations all increased in the soil to different degrees after the introduction of earthworms.The effects of the wild earthworms on the changes in bacteria,actinomycetes and fungi in the soil were different from those of artificially cultivated earthworms to certain degrees.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for organic agriculture that relies on the decomposition of organic matter to release nutrients.

A Method for Calculating the Heats of Formation of Medium-Sized and Large-Sized Molecules

A calculation method for heats of formation (HOF, referred to as △Hf) based on the density functional theory (DFT) is presented in this work. Similar to Gaussian-3 theory, the atomic scheme is applied to calculate the heats of formation of the molecules. In this method, we have modified the formula for calculation of Gaussian-3 theory in several ways, including the correction for diffuse functions and the correction for higher polarization functions. These corrections are found to be significant. The average absolute deviation from experiment for the 164 calculated heats of formation is about 1.9 kcal·mol?1, while average absolute deviation from G3MP2 for the 149 (among the 164 molecules, 15 large-sized molecules can not be calculated at the G3MP2 level) calculated heats of formation is only about 1.9 kcal·mol?1. It indicates that the present method can be applied to predict the heats of formation of medium-sized and large-sized molecules, while the heats of formation of these molecules using Gaussian-3 theory are much difficult, even impossible, to calculate. That is, this method provides a choice in the calculation of △Hf for medium-sized and large-sized molecules.

Improved contact angle measurement in multiphase lattice Boltzmann

Contact angle is an essential parameter to characterize substrate wettability.The measurement of contact angle in experiment and simulation is a complex and time-consuming task.In this paper,an improved method of measuring contact angle in multiphase lattice Boltzmann simulations is proposed,which can accurately obtain the real-time contact angle at a low temperature and larger density ratio.The three-phase contact point is determined by an extrapolation,and its position is not affected by the local deformation of flow field in the three-phase contact region.A series of simulations confirms that the present method has high accuracy and gird-independence.The contact angle keeps an excellent linear relationship with the chemical potential of the surface,so that it is very convenient to specify the wettability of a surface.The real-time contact angle measurement enables us to obtain the dynamic contact angle hysteresis on chemically heterogeneous surface,while the mechanical analyses can be effectively implemented at the moving contact line.

A spatiotemporal intelligent framework and experimental platform for urban digital twins

Backgrounds This work emphasizes the current research status of the urban Digital Twins to establish an intelligent spatiotemporal framework.A Geospatial Artificial Intelligent(GeoAI)system is developed based on the Geographic Information System and Artificial Intelligence.It integrates multi-video technology and Virtual City in urban Digital Twins.Methods Besides,an improved small object detection model is proposed:YOLOv5-Pyramid,and Siamese network video tracking models,namely MPSiam and FSSiamese,are established.Finally,an experimental platform is built to verify the georeferencing correction scheme of video images.Result The MultiplyAccumulate value of MPSiam is 0.5B,and that of ResNet50-Siam is 4.5B.Besides,the model is compressed by 4.8times.The inference speed has increased by 3.3 times,reaching 83 Frames Per Second.3%of the Average Expectation Overlap is lost.Therefore,the urban Digital Twins-oriented GeoAI framework established here has excellent performance for video georeferencing and target detection problems.

Intelligent fire information system based on 3D GIS

Background This work aims to build a comprehensive and effective fire emergency management system based on the Internet of Things(IoT)and achieve an actual intelligent fire rescue.A smart fire protection information system was designed based on the IoT.A detailed analysis was conducted on the problem of rescue vehicle scheduling and the evacuation of trapped persons in the process of fire rescue.Methods The intelligent fire visualization platform based on the three-dimensional(3D)Geographic Information Science(GIS)covers project overview,equipment status,equipment classification,equipment alarm information,alarm classification,alarm statistics,equipment account information,and other modules.The live video accessed through the visual interface can clearly identify the stage of the fire,which facilitates the arrangement of rescue equipment and personnel.The vehicle scheduling model in the system primarily used two objective functions to solve the Pareto Non-Dominated Solution Set Optimization:emergency rescue time and the number of vehicles.In addition,an evacuation path optimization method based on the Improved Ant Colony(IAC)algorithm was designed to realize the dynamic optimization of building fire evacuation paths.Results The experimental results indicate that all the values of detection signals were significantly larger in the smoldering fire scene at t=17s than the initial value.In addition,the probability of smoldering fire and the probability of open fire were relatively large according to the probability function of the corresponding fire situation,demonstrating that this model could detect fire.Conclusions The IAC algorithm reported here avoided the passages near the fire and spreading areas as much as possible and took the safety of the trapped persons as the premise when planning the evacuation route.Therefore,the IoT-based fire information system has important value for ensuring fire safety and carrying out emergency rescue and is worthy of popularization and application.

Boosting synergism of chemo- and immunotherapies via switching paclitaxel-induced apoptosis to mevalonate metabolism-triggered ferroptosis by bisphosphonate coordination lipid nanogranules

Conventional chemotherapy based on cytotoxic drugs is facing tough challenges recently following the advances of monoclonal antibodies and molecularly targeted drugs.It is critical to inspire new potential to remodel the value of this classical therapeutic strategy.Here,we fabricate bisphosphonate coordination lipid nanogranules(BC-LNPs)and load paclitaxel(PTX)to boost the chemo-and immuno-therapeutic synergism of cytotoxic drugs.Alendronate in BC-LNPs@PTX,a bisphosphonate to block mevalonate metabolism,works as both the structure and drug constituent in nanogranules,where alendronate coordinated with calcium ions to form the particle core.The synergy of alendronate enhances the efficacy of paclitaxel,suppresses tumor metastasis,and alters the cytotoxic mechanism.Differing from the paclitaxel-induced apoptosis,the involvement of alendronate inhibits the mevalonate metabolism,changes the mitochondrial morphology,disturbs the redox homeostasis,and causes theaccumulation of mitochondrial ROS and lethal lipid peroxides(LPO).These factors finally trigger the ferroptosis of tumor cells,an immunogenic cell death mode,which remodels the suppressive tumor immune microenvironment and synergizes with immunotherapy.Therefore,by switching paclitaxel-induced apoptosis to mevalonate metabolism-triggered ferroptosis,BC-LNPs@PTX provides new insight into the development of cytotoxic drugs and highlights the potential of metabolism regulation in cancer therapy.

非物质文化遗产传承下的汉绣产业空间发展现状及策略

通过追溯汉绣的历史发展及其在武汉的空间演化,挖掘了楚文化、戏剧文化、宗教文化、市井文化对汉绣文化产生和发展的影响,以及汉绣文化在提升居民旧城改造中的文化认同、营造社区文化、增加城市就业机会、发展城市旅游及文化传播等方面的积极作用.利用访谈、问卷等社会学方法,调查并分析了汉绣传承与产业发展中所面临的从业者少且缺乏高精尖人才、产品创新不足、产业链不完善的三大问题.此外,围绕汉绣产业链中的培训空间、生产空间、销售空间和展示空间的发展状况及需求,提出了基于汉绣传承的产业空间发展策略:(1)采用“走进社区+引入学校”的方式拓展汉绣的培训空间;(2)将汉绣的生产、销售和展示空间结合在一起统筹布置;(3)利用学校、社区、门店、博物馆四类建筑类型与汉绣培训、生产、销售、展示四类空间的密切联系,形成汉绣产业的合作运营模式.

树脂改良型玻璃离子联合自酸蚀粘结剂修复Ⅴ类洞对微渗漏的影响研究

目的:研究树脂改良型玻璃离子联合自酸蚀粘结剂修复Ⅴ类洞时对充填体边缘微渗漏的影响。方法:选取20颗成人新鲜拔除完整无龋前磨牙,清洁后于所有离体牙牙颈部制备标准Ⅴ类洞型,随机分为A组与B组。A组:洞壁使用自酸蚀粘结剂贺利氏ibond进行处理;B组:不做处理,所有窝洞使用树脂改良型玻璃离子FujiⅡLC进行充填,光固化后常规修形抛光。利用流动树脂封闭离体牙根尖孔后按照要求涂布指甲油,彻底干燥后置于37℃浓度为1g/L的罗丹明B溶液中侵泡24h进行荧光染色。染色成功后取出冲洗干净并利用慢速金刚砂切片制作成符合观察标准的薄切片,激光共聚焦显微镜下观察牙体界面与充填体之间染料渗入情况并摄取图像,图像使用LEICA TCS SP8分析软件测量并记录深度。结果:A组与B组的微渗漏深度值分别为(8.63±0.56)μm、(21.64±1.10)μm,两组间数据比较有显著差异(P<0.05),具有统计学意义。结论:利用树脂改良型玻璃离子充填牙颈部Ⅴ类洞时结合自酸蚀粘结剂可以明显减小充填体边缘微渗漏。

Influence of extrusion conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-2Gd-0.3Zr magnesium alloy

In general,different extrusion conditions will affect the microstructure of magnesium alloys and further determine the mechanical properties.The effects of extrusion parameters and heat treatment processes such as extrusion speed,pre-forging,annealing time,extrusion ratio and cooling rate on the microstructure,texture evolution and tensile properties of Mg-2Gd-0.3Zr alloys were investigated in this study.Compared with the as-cast alloy,the extrusion process significantly refines the grains and exhibit the rare earth texture.With the increase of extrusion speed and annealing time,the growth of recrystallized grains is accelerated,leading to the increase of elongation.Large pre-forging deformation achieves to refine the grains by promoting recrystallization nucleation,resulting in increased strength of Mg-2Gd-0.3Zr alloy.Decreasing the extrusion ratio or increasing the cooling rate will introduce coarse un-DRXed grains,which transformed the texture into the basal texture.In particular,the effect of rapid cooling on refining the recrystallized grains is also obvious.Different extrusion conditions influence the mechanical properties of the Mg-2Gd-0.3Zr alloy through the grain size,proportion of non-recrystallization region and texture type.

A biomimetic antitumor nanovaccine based on biocompatible calcium pyrophosphate and tumor cell membrane antigens

Currently,the cancer immunotherapy has made great progress while antitumor vaccine attracts substantial attention.Still,the selection of adjuvants as well as antigens are always the most crucial issues for better vaccination.In this study,we proposed a biomimetic antitumor nanovaccine based on biocompatible nanocarriers and tumor cell membrane antigens.Briefly,endogenous calcium pyrophosphate nanogranules with possible immune potentiating effect are designed and engineered,both as delivery vehicles and adjuvants.Then,these nanocarriers are coated with lipids and B16-OVA tumor cell membranes,so the biomembrane proteins can serve as tumor-specific antigens.It was found that calcium pyrophosphate nanogranules themselves were compatible and possessed adjuvant effect,while membrane proteins including tumor associated antigen were transferred onto the nanocarriers.It was demonstrated that such a biomimetic nanovaccine could be well endocytosed by dendritic cells,promote their maturation and antigen-presentation,facilitate lymph retention,and trigger obvious immune response.It was confirmed that the biomimetic vaccine could induce strong T-cell response,exhibit excellent tumor therapy and prophylactic effects,and simultaneously possess nice biocompatibility.In general,the present investigation might provide insights for the further design and application of antitumor vaccines.

Small GTPases:Structure,biological function and its interaction with nanoparticles

Small GTPase is a kind of GTP-binding protein commonly found in eukaryotic cells.It plays an important role in cytoskeletal reorganization,cell polarity,cell cycle progression,gene expression and many other significant events in cells,such as the interaction with foreign particles.Therefore,it is of great scientific significance to understand the biological properties of small GTPases as well as the GTPase-nano interplay,since more and more nanomedicine are supposed to be used in biomedical field.However,there is no review in this aspect.This review summarizes the small GTPases in terms of the structure,biological function and its interaction with nanoparticles.We briefly introduced the various nanoparticles such as gold/silver nanoparticles,SWCNT,polymeric micelles and other nano delivery systems that interacted with different GTPases.These current nanoparticles exhibited different pharmacological effect modes and various target design concepts in the small GTPases study.This will help to elucidate the conclusion that the therapeutic strategy targeting small GTPases might be a new research direction.It is believed that the in-depth study on the functional mechanism of GTPases can provide insights for the design and study of nanomedicines.

An enzyme-responsive and transformable PD-L1 blocking peptide-photosensitizer conjugate enables efficient photothermal

Mild photothermal therapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade has received increasing attention for the treatment of advanced or metastatic cancers due to its good therapeutic efficacy.However,it remains a challenge to facilely integrate the two therapies and make it potential for clinical translation.This work designed a peptide-photosensitizer conjugate(PPC),which consisted of a PD-L1 antagonist peptide(CVRARTR),an MMP-2 specific cleavable sequence,a self-assembling motif,and the photosensitizer Purpurin 18.The single-component PPC can self-assemble into nanospheres which is suitable for intravenous injection.The PPC nanosphere is cleaved by MMP-2 when it accumulates in tumor sites,thereby initiating the cancer-specific release of the antagonist peptide.Simultaneously,the nanospheres gradually transform into co-assembled nanofibers,which promotes the retention of the remaining parts within the tumor.In vivo studies demonstrated that PPC nanospheres under laser irradiation promote the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and maturation of DCs,which sensitize 4T1 tumor cells to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Therefore,PPC nanospheres inhibit tumor growth efficiently both in situ and distally and blocked the formation of lung metastases.The present study provides a simple and efficient integrated strategy for breast cancer photoimmunotherapy.

Combination of terrestrial reference frames based on space geodetic techniques in SHAO:methodology and main issues

Based on years of input from the four geodetic techniques （SLR, GPS, VLBI and DORIS）, the strategies of the combination were studied in SHAO to generate a new global terrestrial reference frame as the material realization of the ITRS defined in IERS Conventions. The main input includes the time series of weekly solutions （or fortnightly for SLR 1983-1993） of observational data for satellite techniques and session-wise normal equations for VLBI. The set of estimated unknowns includes 3- dimensional Cartesian coordinates at the reference epoch 2005.0 of the stations distributed globally and their rates as well as the time series of consistent Earth Orientation Parameters （EOPs） at the same epochs as the input. Besides the final solution, namely SOL-2, generated by using all the inputs before 2015.0 obtained from short-term observation processing, another reference solution, namely SOL- 1, was also computed by using the input before 2009.0 based on the same combination of procedures for the purpose of comparison with ITRF2008 and DTRF2008 and for evaluating the effect of the latest six more years of data on the combined results. The estimated accuracy of the x-component and y-component of the SOL- 1 TRF-origin was better than 0.1 mm at epoch 2005.0 and better than 0.3 mm yr- 1 in time evolution, either compared with ITRF2008 or DTRF2008. However, the z-component of the translation parameters from SOL-1 to ITRF2008 and DTRF2008 were 3.4 mm and -1.0 ram, respectively. It seems that the z-component of the SOL-1 TRF-origin was much closer to the one in DTRF2008 than the one in ITRF2008. The translation parameters from SOL-2 to ITRF2014 were 2.2, -1.8 and 0.9 mm in the x-, y- and z-components respectively with rates smaller than 0.4 mmyr-1. Similarly, the scale factor transformed from SOL-1 to DTRF2008 was much smaller than that to ITRF2008. The scale parameter from SOL-2 to ITRF2014 was -0.31 ppb with a rate lower than 0.01 ppb yr-1. The external precision （WRMS） compared with IERS EOP 08 C04 of the combined EOP series was smaller than 0.06 mas for the polar motions, smaller than 0.01 ms for the UT1-UTC and smaller than 0.02 ms for the LODs. The precision of the EOPs in SOL-2 was slightly higher than that of SOL-1.