胃镜结合窄带成像技术提高下咽及喉部病变检出率的研究

目的研究胃镜检查时采用窄带成像(Narrow band imaging,NBI)模式是否能够比白光模式提高下咽及喉部病变的检出率。方法在我院拟行无痛胃镜检查患者中选取18岁及以上人群或既往有食管癌、鼻咽癌等病史人群,胃镜检查中均先后分别采用白光及NBI模式进行下咽及喉部的观察、记录。若进镜时无法完成上述部位观察,则待退镜时再进行相应观察、记录。最终,将白光模式与NBI模式的病变检出率进行对比。结果共入组1287例患者,其中男性761例,女性526例,共检出病变43例(检出率3.3%),其中肿瘤性病变28例(65.1%),恶性肿瘤20例(46.5%)。NBI模式检出全部43例病变,白光模式检出24例病变,统计学结果提示差异具有显著性。进一步对病变检出情况进行统计分析显示,男性及患有食管癌为下咽及喉部病变检出的危险因素。研究中未发生操作相关并发症。结论胃镜检查中采用NBI模式能够显著提高下咽及喉部病变检出率,此技术有望在食管癌高发区推广应用以促进下咽及喉部肿瘤的早诊早治。

简便方法合成含铁石墨相氮化碳材料及其催化苯直接羟基化制苯酚（英文）

苯酚是一种重要的基本有机化工原料.全球近90%的苯酚都是经"三步异丙苯法"工艺合成而得,但是该工艺存在单程苯酚收率低(<5%)、酸污染严重等不足.同时由于联产丙酮,苯酚的产量也受丙酮市场所制约.由苯经氧化或羟基化一步法合成苯酚是催化化学领域中一项极具挑战的课题.由于苯分子较难活化,而苯酚易于深度氧化,因此研发和设计具有高活性和高选择性的催化剂是该课题的研究核心.因具有诸多特殊的理化性质,石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)作为一种新型碳质材料近年来在光催化、热催化、燃料电池和气体吸附等领域展示出广阔的应用前景.g-C_3N_4的类石墨层基本单元为大π共轭的三均三嗪环,对苯分子具有良好的吸附和活化能力.目前,g-C_3N_4(尤其是具有高比表面的介孔材料)在苯Friedel-Crafts烷基化和酰基化反应、苯的CO2氧化等反应中均显示了良好的催化活性.尽管如此,由于缺乏合适的氧化活性中心,纯的g-C_3N_4对苯直接羟基化几乎无催化活性.本课题组曾将乙酰丙酮氧钒和氧化钒负载至介孔g-C_3N_4,发现该类催化剂在H2O2参与的苯直接羟基化反应中,苯转化率高达18%,而苯酚选择性大于95%.然而,此类介孔g-C_3N_4均采用硬模板法合成,制备周期长且需要HF溶液蚀刻氧化硅模板.另外,钒基组分在介孔g-C_3N_4表面也存在着部分溶脱现象.本文以FeCl_3和二氰二胺为前驱体,通过一步热解法直接合成了含铁的g-C_3N_4材料(Fe-g-C_3N_4).采用N2吸附-脱附、XRD、TG、FT-IR、UV-vis、XPS光谱和TEM对材料的理化性质进行表征.结果显示,Fe的原位引入能显著提高g-C_3N_4的比表面积和孔体积,且使其依然保持石墨相结构.同时,富N的g-C_3N_4材料能有效地锚定Fe离子,使其均匀地分散在载体表面.作为多相催化剂,Fe-g-C_3N_4在H_2O_2环境下对苯羟基化合成苯酚的反应表现出较高的催化活性.当反应温度为60°C,其苯酚收率最高可达17.5%,且回收使用多次催化剂活性表现稳定.与之前报道的含铁和负载氧化钒或乙酰丙酮氧钒的g-C_3N_4催化剂材料相比,Fe-g-C_3N_4催化剂制备工艺更加简便.

绝对硬度的量化探究——介绍一个计算化学实验

介绍了利用Gaussian软件定量研究软硬酸碱中化合物硬度的实验设计,涉及化合物的构型优化和高精度单点能计算。旨在通过本实验,学生能够初步掌握运用量子化学计算绝对硬度的基本步骤,加深对软硬酸碱理论的理解,为今后从事相关科研工作打下基础。

双向发酵提取燕麦β-葡聚糖的护肤功效研究

以燕麦作为培养基,通过双向发酵法提取燕麦中的β-葡聚糖,进行化妆品护肤功效研究。选用黄伞、大杯伞和灰树花3种真菌与燕麦进行双向发酵,实验结果表明,燕麦发酵后细胞毒性明显的降低。通过对成纤维细胞内活性氧(ROS)含量、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(ColⅠ)含量及基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-1)含量进行测定发现,与发酵前相比,发酵液及纯化燕麦β-葡聚糖所作用的成纤维细胞内活性氧含量相对降低,Col I含量相对升高,MMP-1含量相对降低,证明发酵液具有一定的抗衰老功效,且比未经发酵处理的燕麦效果要好。通过对小鼠黑素瘤细胞(B16细胞)内黑色素含量及酪氨酸酶激活率的测定发现,发酵液处理后的细胞内黑色素含量更低,其中黄伞燕麦发酵液的效果最好。Franz扩散池透皮吸收实验证明发酵液的累积透过量更高。

双向发酵提取燕麦β-葡聚糖及其理化性质研究

从12种药用真菌中筛选出可增加燕麦β-葡聚糖含量的3种菌种--黄伞、大杯伞和灰树花,以我国的燕麦麸皮作为培养基,通过双向发酵法提取燕麦麸皮中的β-葡聚糖,进行工艺优化、分离纯化及理化性质的研究。结果表明3种菌经双向发酵后提取燕麦β-葡聚糖,其得率较未经发酵的燕麦β-葡聚糖得率高,分子量更小。与未经发酵的燕麦水提液相比,发酵液的蛋白质及总糖含量增加。

Puerarin prevents high glucose-induced apoptosis of Schwann cells by inhibiting oxidative stress

Oxidative stress may be the unifying factor for the injury caused by hyperglycemia in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Puerarin is the major isoflavonoid derived from Radix puerariae and has been shown to be effective in increasing superoxide dismutase activity. This study sought to investigate the neuroprotective effect of puerarin on high glucose-induced oxidative stress and Schwann cell apoptosis in vitro. Intracellular reactive oxygen radicals and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were detected by flow cytometry analysis. Apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL and oxidative stress was monitored using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the DNA marker 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. The expression levels of bax and bcl-2 were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR, while protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and -9 were analyzed by means of western blotting. Results suggested that puerarin treatment inhibited high glucose-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, puerarin treatment downregulated Bax expression, upregulated bcl-2 expression and attenuated the activation of caspase-3 and -9. Overall, our results indicated that puerarin antagonized high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in Schwann cells.

信息-知识-信念-行为护理模式在急性胰腺炎健康教育中的应用价值

目的研究在急性胰腺炎患者健康教育中实施信息-知识-信念-行为(IKAP)护理模式的临床效果。方法选择2016年6月至2019年12月收治的462例急性胰腺炎患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为干预组(n=232)和对照组(n=230),对照组给予常规健康教育,干预组采取IKAP护理模式,观察2组自我效能感、自我护理能力、生活质量、复发率及护理满意度情况。结果干预前,2组患者自我效能感评分、生活质量(心理健康、躯体健康、物质生活和社会功能)、自我护理能力(自我概念、健康知识水平、自我护理技能、自护责任感)评分及总分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,2组患者自我效能感评分、生活质量各项评分及自我护理能力各项评分及总分明显高于干预前,干预组自我效能感评分、生活质量评分及自我护理能力评分及总分显著高于对照组(P<0.05);出院后随访3个月干预组急性胰腺炎复发率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);干预组护理总满意率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采取IKAP护理模式可有效提高急性胰腺炎患者自我效能感、自我护理能力及生活质量,还可有效降低复发率,提高患者对护理工作的满意度,使护理工作得以延续。

Effects of cupric ions on the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 5A02 in ethylene glycol–water solution

The effects of cupric ions on the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloy 5A02 in ethylene glycol–water solutions were studied by potentiodynamic polarization,electrochemical noise(EN),and complementary techniques including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). A positive corrosion potential and increased corrosion current were observed due to the deposition of copper. The results demonstrate that the main corrosion type was pitting and the increasing cupric ion concentration augmented the pitting density. The pits became larger and deeper as a result of the embedment of copper into the surface of the alloy. Cupric ions were preferentially deposited at the defects around the secondary phase,leading to the formation of Al–Cu microgalvanic couples,which increased the corrosion rate. The corrosion rate gradually reached a stable value as the concentration of cupric ions was increased beyond 10 mmol/L.

Ginsenoside Rb1 relieves glucose fluctuationinduced oxidative stress and apoptosis in Schwann cells

Cultured Schwann cells were treated with 5.6 mM and 50 mM glucose alternating every 8 hours to simulate intermittent high glucose. The present study analyzed the neuroprotective effects of 1, 10 and 100 μM ginsenoside Rbl on oxidative damage and apoptosis in Schwann cells induced by intermittent high glucose. Flow cytometry demonstrated that ginsenoside Rbl reduced intermittent high glucose-mediated reactive oxygen species production. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed that 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine levels in Schwann cells decreased following ginsenoside Rbl treatment. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and western blot assay results revealed that ginsenoside Rbl inhibited intermittent high glucose-upregulated Bax expression, but antagonized intermittent high glucose-downregulated Bcl-2 expression in Schwann cells. These effects were most pronounced with 100 μM ginsenoside Rbl. These results indicate that ginsenoside Rbl inhibits intermittent high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in Schwann cells.

Effect of river plume on phytoplankton community structure in Zhujiang River estuary

To examine the phytoplankton assemblages and the effect of diluted waters on them,a research cruise was conducted from July 19 to August 7,2015 in the Zhujiang(Pearl)River estuary in the northern South China Sea(21°N–23.5°N,111°E–117°E).Samples were collected from 65 stations including one for time-series sampling.A total of 212 phytoplankton taxa were identified from 61 genera belonging to 4 phyla.Among them,122 species identified from 42 genera of Bacillariophyta and 83 species from 15 genera of Pyrrophyta.Chain-forming diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community where Pseudonitzschia delicatissima,Guinardia striata,Thalassionema nitzschioides,and P.pungens comprised about 52%of the total abundance.However,higher cell abundances concentrated on both sides of the estuary,because of low salinity and high nutrients brought by diluted water.In addition,Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed that salinity and dissolved inorganic nitrogen shaped the species composition in the study area.Furthermore,the Jaccard similarity index showed prevailing high similarity in the distribution of species in low-salinity diluted waters,and the Bray-Curtis similarity depicted distinguished grouping for phytoplankton assemblages along the salinity gradient.However,phytoplankton diel vertical cycles showed maximum abundance occurred at 2:00 am,which was mainly contributed by benthic phytoplankton species Pseudo-nitzschia spp.and T.nitzschioides.

Identification method and empirical study of urban industrial spatial relationship based on POI big data: a case of Shenyang City, China

The industrial spatial relationship is a cross-cutting subject of economic geography and geographical information science which has considerable significance to promote a sustainable planning and development of regional economic system.Taking Shenyang City as our study area and using the location information of manufacturing units and automobile sales outlets extracted from points of interest(POI),we investigated the spatial relationship between the two industries from integration,correlation and coordination perspective.Based on spatial statistical analyses,the equipment manufacturing industry and the automobile sales industry in Shenyang City showed a spatial complementary integration,weak spatial correlation,and coordination with scale dependence and spatial heterogeneity in 2018.This distribution characteristic is attributed to:1)local policy factors(i.e.,that industrial land should be located in the periphery of the city or outside the Second Ring Road),and 2)the economic factors(i.e.,that the degree of dependence of the equipment manufacturing industry and automobile sales industry were also influenced by external factors such as costs).These results improved the current industrial spatial relationship analysis by developing a new framework based on POI big data in order to accelerate a coordinated development between manufacturing and service industries and to promote the construction of industrial ecosystem.

第33届江苏省化学竞赛选拔赛有机试题解析

详尽讨论了第33届中国化学奥林匹克竞赛(江苏赛区)夏令营暨选拔赛考试有机化学部分试题,并进行了多方面的拓展。同时采用计算化学方法辅助教学,供指导老师和参赛选手进行参考。

沈抚新区绿色可持续综合交通体系规划研究

文章以辽宁省沈抚新区综合交通规划编制为例,梳理出六大规划举措,全面构建"集约高效、客货有序、快慢并重、公交优先"的绿色可持续综合交通体系:对外交通系统构建集约高效交通运输方式,实现公—铁—海—航多式联运;道路交通系统与用地相结合,实现客货分离、有序运行,支撑产城融合发展;枢纽系统互联互通,通过"空间转换时间",方便新区人流快速导入,引导轨道交通出行;公交系统与客流走廊结合,建立多层次、高品质的公共交通系统,实现公交优先发展;重塑城市慢行空间,打造"外联内通、连续舒适、保障路权、环境优美"的慢道系统;交通设施系统注重盘活存量资源,引导交通设施系统向"智慧、低碳"发展。

MRI影像组学在乳腺癌诊疗中的应用进展

乳腺癌位于全球发病率和致死率最高的恶性肿瘤前列,随着高精度诊疗数据越来越多,乳腺MRI影像组学表现出巨大潜力。本文总结了MRI影像组学在乳腺癌诊疗中的应用,简述了乳腺MRI影像组学的发展趋势及存在问题。认为MRI影像组学在乳腺癌诊断、疗效评估及淋巴结转移预测等中提供了丰富信息,促进了乳腺癌精准医疗的发展。虽然MRI影像组学在乳腺癌诊治的应用上还面临着很多挑战,但通过医工结合,乳腺MRI影像组学的乳腺癌研究势必会开拓出更大的发展空间,表现出更佳的临床应用前景。

基于功能定位的有轨电车运营提升策略研究

基于对有轨电车概念、优缺点、功能定位的理论分析,从地铁接驳、区域骨干、特色线路3个功能定位的角度展开研究.结合沈阳有轨电车2号线实例,研究功能定位与运营模式的矛盾所在,提出有轨电车运营提升三大策略,并进行了案例提升实践.通过综合交通枢纽、优化道路条件、灵活运营模式三大提升策略,协调有轨电车的功能定位与运营模式,实现有轨电车运营效能全面提升.

Sensitivity enhancement of micro-optical gyro with photonic crystal

We propose a core rotation-sensing element for improving the sensitivity of the micro-optical gyroscope using the large nonreciprocal effect with a photonic crystal.The sharp transmission peak of electromagnetically induced transparency in photonic crystal generated from a periodic distribution of cold atoms is sensitive to the rotation.Our numerical results show that the sensitivity of relative rotation is about 50 times higher and the sensitivity of absolute rotation is more than two orders higher than that of the traditional resonant optical gyroscope.Also,the sensitivity of the gyroscope can be manipulated by varying the atomic density,modulation frequency,probe pulse width,and photonic crystal length,etc.

Advances in the deep tectonics and seismic anisotropy of the Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault zone in the Sichuan-Yunnan Block,Southwestern China

The Sichuan-Yunnan Block(SYB)is located at the SE margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(TP).Under the influence of the southeastward movement of material originated from the TP,intense crustal deformation,frequent seismic activity,and complex geological structures are observed in the SYB.The Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault(LXF)goes through the central part of the SYB,dividing it into two blocks from north to south,and forming an intersecting fault system with the surrounding faults.This paper firstly introduces the morphology and the nature of the LXF,the distribution of the regional surface displacements and the focal mechanisms,and then analyzes the medium deformation and the effects of faults.Moreover,according to the regional tectonics and geophysical patterns,the paper discusses the characteristics of the north-south blocks of the SYB and the abrupt change of deep structure along the LXF zone.Since seismic anisotropy is an essential property for detecting crustal stress,deep structures and dynamical mechanisms,this paper is dedicated to the advances in seismic anisotropy at different depths and different scales in the study area.There are noteworthy differences in the anisotropic features between the north part and the south part of the SYB,possibly associated with a clear boundary adjacent to the LXF.Such phenomenon suggests some close correlation between anisotropic zoning boundary and the LXF,although this boundary is not consistent with the LXF in strike.The results from the deformation of the crust and the upper mantle elucidate the distribution patterns of the crust-mantle coupling in the north part and the crustmantle decoupling in the south part,even though this conclusion needs to be further verified by more studies.Presently,the scientific understanding of the deep tectonics and the media deformation around the“generalized”LXF i.e.the LXF with the Jinpingshan fault on its eastern side,is still insufficient,and related equivocal topics deserve more in-depth studies.

Image Super Resolution Reconstruction Based MCA and PCA Dimension Reduction

Image super-resolution (SR) reconstruction is to reconstruct a high-resolution (HR) image from one or a series of low-resolution (LR) images in the same scene with a certain amount of prior knowledge. Learning based algorithm is an effective one in image super-resolution reconstruction algorithm. The core idea of the algorithm is to use the training examples of image to increase the high frequency information of the test image to achieve the purpose of image super-resolution reconstruction. This paper presents a novel algorithm for image super resolution based on morphological component analysis (MCA) and dictionary learning. The MCA decomposition based SR algorithm utilizes MCA to decompose an image into the texture part and the structure part and only takes the texture part to train the dictionary. The reconstruction of the texture part is based on sparse representation, while that of the structure part is based on more faster method, the bicubic interpolation. The proposed method improves the robustness of the image, while for different characteristics of textures and structure parts, using a different reconstruction algorithm, better preserves image details, improve the quality of the reconstructed image.

轨道交通站点交通改善对策研究--世纪大厦地铁站为例

轨道交通对于城市发展的引领及带动作用日趋明显,结合轨道交通站点的用地开发日益加剧,有必要针对轨道交通站点的交通改善思路进行研究。依托世纪大厦地铁站交通改善项目,调查分析地铁站周边交通现状存在问题,提出轨道交通站点交通改善策略,包括形成一体化综合换乘枢纽、优化交通组织、构建立体化停车、运用智能交通设施等对策,为此类项目研究提供参考。

In-situ sludge reduction based on Mn^(2+)-catalytic ozonation conditioning:Feasibility study and microbial mechanisms

To improve the sludge conditioning efficiency without increasing the ozone dose,an in-situ sludge reduction process based on Mn^(2+)-catalytic ozonation conditioning was proposed.Using ozone conditioning alone as a control,a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor coupled with ozonated sludge recycle was evaluated for its operating performance at an ozone dose of 75 mg O_(3)/g VSS and 1.5 mmol/L Mn^(2+)addition.The results showed a 39.4%reduction in MLSS and an observed sludge yield of 0.236 kg MLSS/kg COD for the O_(3)+Mn^(2+)group compared to the O_(3)group (15.3%and 0.292 kg MLSS/kg COD),accompanied by better COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N,TN and TP removal,improved effluent SS and limited impact on excess sludge properties.Subsequently,activity tests,BIOLOG ECO microplates and 16S rRNA sequencing were applied to elucidate the changing mechanisms of Mn^(2+)-catalytic ozonation related to microbial action:(1) Dehydrogenase activity reached a higher peak.(2) Microbial utilization of total carbon sources had an elevated effect,up to approximately 18%,and metabolic levels of six carbon sources were also increased,especially for sugars and amino acids most pronounced.(3) The abundance of Defluviicoccus under the phylum Proteobacteria was enhanced to 12.0%and dominated in the sludge,they had strong hydrolytic activity and metabolic capacity.Denitrifying bacteria of the genus Ferruginibacter also showed an abundance of 7.6%,they contributed to the solubilization and reduction of sludge biomass.These results could guide researchers to further reduce ozonation conditioning costs,improve sludge management and provide theoretical support.