17α-Ethinylestradiol removal from water by magnetic ion exchange resin

Magnetic ion exchange(MIEX) resins have received considerable attention in drinking water treatment due to their fast and efficient removal of dissolved organic carbon(DOC). Two types of mechanisms, i.e., ion exchange,reversible and irreversible adsorption, may occur during pollutants removal by MIEX. This work examined the removal mechanism of 17α-Ethinylestradiol(EE2) by MIEX. As one of typical estrogen micro-pollutants,EE2 existed as neutral molecule in natural water, and its charge density was close to zero [(0.00000219 ±0.00000015) meq·(μg EE2)^(-1)] based on the potentiometric titration method. However, the removal of EE2 by MIEX was much higher than that of other micro-pollutants previously reported. Multi-cycle adsorptionregeneration experiments and ion exchange stoichiometry analysis were conducted to elucidate the removal mechanism of EE2 by MIEX resin. The results suggested that the main removal mechanism of EE2 by MIEX was ion exchange instead of reversible micro-pore adsorption. The experimental analysis based on Donnan theory indicated that the internal micro-environment of resin beads was alkaline, in the alkaline environment EE2 would be ionized into negatively charged groups. As a result, ion exchange reaction occurred inside the pore of MIEX resin, and the removal process of EE2 by MIEX was dominated by the ion exchange reaction.

Integrated genomic analyses identify high-risk factors and actionable targets in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)is an aggressive hematologic malignancy often associated with poor outcomes.To identify high-risk factors and potential actionable targets for T-ALL,we perform integrated genomic and transcriptomic analyses on samples from 165 Chinese pediatric and adult T-ALL patients,of whom 85%have outcome information.The genomic mutation landscape of this Chinese cohort is very similar to the Western cohort published previously,except that the rate of NOTCH1 mutations is significant lower in the Chinese T-ALL patients.Among 47 recurrently mutated genes in 7 functional categories,we identify RAS pathway and PTEN mutations as poor survival factors for non-TAL and TAL subtypes,respectively.Mutations in the PI3K pathway are mutually exclusive with mutations in the RAS and NOTCH1 pathways as well as transcription factors.Further analysis demonstrates that approximately 43%of the high-risk patients harbor at least one potential actionable alteration identified in this study,and T-ALLs with RAS pathway mutations are hypersensitive to MEKi in vitro and in vivo.Thus,our integrated genomic analyses not only systematically identify high-risk factors but suggest that these high-risk factors are promising targets for T-ALL therapies.