The Association between Expression of NK Cells and Prognosis of Patients with HBV Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in Advanced Phase

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (Acute-on-chronic liver failure, ACLF) is acute liver function decompensation on the basis of chronic liver disease. The progression of ACLF develops from advanced phase, plateau phase to remission phase. The pathophysiological basis of ACLF in different phases is various. In advanced phase, immune imbalance and systemic inflammatory reaction plays key roles. In this study, we try to assess the association between expression of NK cells and its receptors and prognosis of patients with ACLF in advanced phase. A total of 35 inpatients with HBV acute-on-chronic liver failure in advanced phase were recruited. They were divided into case group (n = 18) and control group (n = 17) according to whether the patients was dead in the 12 weeks. PBMC were detected for the frequency and expression of NK cell receptors by flow cytometric analysis. Our results demonstrated that patients who died had lower expression of NK cells and inhibitory receptor KIR3DL1, higher levels of FASL. During 12-week follow-up in those case alive, we found that NK cells increased, while expression of FASL decreased. High short-term mortality of ALCF was associated with NK cell, especially related to KIR3DL1 and FASL (PNK = 0.036, PKIR3DL1 = 0.0265, PFasL = 0.0008).

Utilization of Smoking Cessation Support Among Adults-18 PLADs,China,2020

Summary What is already known about this topic?In 2018,unassisted smoking cessation(USC)was the predominant method for quitting smoking among Chinese adult smokers,accounting for 90.1%of cases.The utilization of professional smoking cessation support was comparatively low in this population.What was added by this report?In 2020,the prevalence of USC methods increased to 93.1%.Concurrently,there was a slight increase in the utilization of pharmaceuticals(from 4.6%in 2018 to 5.5%in 2020)and counseling and quit line services(from 3.2%in 2018 to 7.5%in 2020).On the other hand,the use of e-cigarettes as a cessation aid decreased from 14.9%in 2018 to 9.8%in 2020.Smokers aged 15–24 years old were more likely to rely on pharmaceutical interventions(7.9%),and less likely to choose USC methods(79.0%).What are the implications for public health practice?The promotion of professional cessation support is essential for enhancing smoking cessation rates.

Assessing the Effectiveness of a Community-Based Smoking Cessation Intervention-Shenzhen City,Guangdong Province,China,2022

Summary What is already known about this topic?Research on community-based smoking cessation interventions in China is still in its early stages.Most existing studies have focused on a limited number of communities and have primarily examined interventions conducted by study teams rather than broader community initiatives.

Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Treatment of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)is an acute zoonosis with a global distribution.China is one of the countries with a high incidence of HFRS,which has long endangered the lives and health of the Chinese people.The Infectious Disease Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and the Infectious Diseases Branch of the Chinese Medical Association organized national multidisciplinary experts,based on domestic and international research results combined with experts’practical experiences,to reach this consensus after thorough discussion.This consensus contains 17 recommendations aimed at prevention and identification of important clinical issues to further standardize the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of HFRS.

Association between the nasopharyngeal microbiome and metabolome in patients with COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2,the causative agent for COVID-19,infect human mainly via respiratory tract,which is heavily inhabited by local microbiota.However,the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and nasopharyngeal microbiota,and the association with metabolome has not been well characterized.Here,metabolomic analysis of blood,urine,and nasopharyngeal swabs from a group of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients,and metagenomic analysis of pharyngeal samples were used to identify the key features of COVID-19.Results showed lactic acid,L-proline,and chlorogenic acid methyl ester(CME)were significantly reduced in the sera of COVID-19 patients compared with non-COVID-19 ones.Nasopharyngeal commensal bacteria including Gemella morbillorum,Gemella haemolysans and Leptotrichia hofstadii were notably depleted in the pharynges of COVID-19 patients,while Prevotella histicola,Streptococcus sanguinis,and Veillonella dispar were relatively increased.The abundance of G.haemolysans and L.hofstadii were significantly positively associated with serum CME,which might be an anti-SARS-CoV-2 bacterial metabolite.This study provides important information to explore the linkage between nasopharyngeal microbiota and disease susceptibility.The findings were based on a very limited number of patients enrolled in this study;a larger size of cohort will be appreciated for further investigation.

Characteristics and Associated Factors of E-cigarette Use Among Secondary School Students—6 PLADs in China,2021

Summary What is already known about this topic?Previous studies on electronic cigarette(e-cigarette)use in China among secondary school students have provided information on the awareness and usage of ecigarettes.What is added by this report?This study not only described e-cigarette usage rates,but also explored the characteristics of e-cigarette users’behavior and factors associated with the current use of e-cigarettes among secondary school students.What are the implications for public health practice?E-cigarette use among secondary school students,especially among vocational senior high school students,requires more attention.Although some policies have been developed to protect youths from the harmful effects of e-cigarettes,enforcement of these policies needs to be strengthened.