Features of colorectal cancer in China stratified by anatomic sites:A hospital-based study conducted in university-affiliated hospitals from 2014 to 2018

Objective:The clinical and biological characteristics of colorectal cancer have been found to differ depending on the anatomic site of the cancer.However,for Chinese patients,there is limited information on the proportion of cases at each site and the related features.In this study,we explored the location,distribution and other features of colorectal cancers at each anatomic site in Chinese patients.Methods:We conducted a hospital-based study using hospitalization summary reports from 10 Peking University-affiliated hospitals from 2014 to 2018;the reports covered a total of 2,097,347 hospitalizations.Incident cases were chosen as the study population,and their epidemiological features were further analyzed.Results:A total of 20,739 colorectal cancer patients were identified.Rectum was the most common location(48.3%)of the cancer,whereas the proportions of patients with distal and proximal colon cancer were 24.5%and18.6%,respectively.Patients with rectal cancer were predominantly male and were the youngest for all anatomical sites(each P<0.001).The highest proportion of emergency admissions,the longest hospital stays and the highest hospitalization costs were found in patients with proximal colon cancer(each P<0.001).The proximal colon cancer subgroup included the highest proportions of patients with medical histories of cholecystectomy,cholecystolithiasis and/or gallbladder polyps and appendectomy(P=0.009,P<0.001 and P<0.001,respectively).The distal colon cancer subgroup included the highest proportions of patients with medical histories of diabetes and hypertension(P<0.001,respectively).Conclusions:The patterns of colorectal cancer observed in this study differ from those reported for Western patients and show a significantly higher proportion of patients with rectal cancer.Different epidemiological features were also found based on anatomic sites.Further studies based on tumor location should be conducted to facilitate more accurate screening and treatment.

Enhanced multifunctional liquid metal-based hydrogels with vinyl silica nanoparticles for advanced strain sensing applications

Conductive hydrogels have garnered considerable interest for their applications in wearable electronic skins,owing to their superior properties.Nevertheless,challenges persist,including low sensitivity,poor cyclic stability,and limited tolerance to extreme conditions.This study develops a novel liquid metal-based conductive hydrogel with a dual cross-linked polyacrylic acid(PAA)matrix,employing both“soft”coordination and“hard”covalent cross-linking mechanisms.This hybrid network is formulated using guar gum(GG)-stabilized gallium(Ga)droplets,which catalyze the copolymerization of vinyl-hybrid silica nanoparticles(VSNPs)and acrylic acid(AA).The resultant Ga3+ions interact with carboxyl groups in the PAA,forming soft coordination links that enhance the hydrogel’s rapid gelation.The incorporation of VSNPs significantly enhances the hydrogel’s elasticity,toughness,and low-temperature resilience without glycerol.Notably,its intrinsic moldability,adhesion,and self-healing properties are retained.Applied as a strain sensor,this hydrogel demonstrates a high gauge factor(GF)of 17.4,responsive time of 250 ms for both activation and recovery,an ultra-low detection limit of 0.1%,and excellent durability over 800 cycles at 100%strain.Short-term immersion in a glycerol solution(20 min)further augments its stretchability to 2688%and GF to 28.1 across a strain range of 1325%–1450%,broadening its operational ranges to 0–1450%at−18°C.Prolonged exposure(4 h)also improves water retention and high-temperature resistance,making this hydrogel a promising material for sustainable,high-performance wearable electronics.

A general and facile calcination method to synthesize single-site catalysts for highly efficient electrochemical CO_(2) reduction

The electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)has received widespread attention as a promising method for producing sustainable chemicals and mitigating the global warming.Here,we demonstrate a general and facile synthetic route for the metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)type catalyst by simply calcinating metal acetate and urea with commercial carbon black,which have potential application in CO_(2)RR.The synthesized Ni-NC-600 catalyst has the structure of single Ni atom coordinated with one N atom and three C atoms(Ni-N_(1)C_(3)),which is suggested by X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The Ni-NC-600 catalyst exhibits high CO_(2)RR catalytic performance and a high CO Faraday efficiency above 98%in a wide potential range from-0.7 to-1.3 V(vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE)),superior to most of the reported Ni-N-C catalysts.This work has developed a facile strategy to synthesize high performance CO_(2)RR catalyst.

阳离子纤维素纳米纤维分散液态金属制备高灵敏度和自修复导电水凝胶用于应变传感器

作为一种多功能软填料,液态金属(LM)乳液为制备基于导电水凝胶的多功能应变传感器带来了新机遇.然而,界面张力和密度巨大的LM难以以稳定乳液的形式存在.本文中,我们展示了一种利用阳离子纤维素纳米纤维(CCNFs)包覆LM液滴来稳定LM乳液的策略.通过将CCNF稳定的LM乳液与丙烯酸(AA)混合并引发其原位聚合,以及在聚丙烯酸(PAA)、LM液滴和CCNF之间形成可逆的氢键、离子配位键和静电交联,制备了一种导电水凝胶CCNF-LM-PAA.得益于PAA与CCNF之间形成的可逆氢键、离子配位键和静电结合作用,CCNF-LMPAA水凝胶具有良好的导电性(1.54 S m^(-1))、较高的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率、粘附性和快速自愈合能力.CCNF-LM-PAA水凝胶作为应变传感材料,具有超高应变灵敏度(应变系数高达16.2)、低应变检测极限(<1%)、短响应/恢复时间(107/91 ms)和良好的耐用性(300次循环).这些性能使得基于CCNF-LM-PAA水凝胶的应变传感器能够作为可穿戴电子器件用于监测各种人体活动.因此,利用CCNF稳定LM乳液引入静电结合作用,为提高基于LM乳液水凝胶的可穿戴电子器件的应变传感性能提供了一种实用的方法.

Status and development of high-power laser facilities at the NLHPLP

In this paper, we review the status of the multifunctional experimental platform at the National Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics(NLHPLP). The platform, including the SG-II laser facility, SG-II 9th beam, SG-II upgrade(SG-II UP) facility, and SG-II 5 PW facility, is operational and available for interested scientists studying inertial confinement fusion(ICF) and a broad range of high-energy-density physics. These facilities can provide important experimental capabilities by combining different pulse widths of nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond scales. In addition, the SG-II UP facility, consisting of a single petawatt system and an eight-beam nanosecond system, is introduced including several laser technologies that have been developed to ensure the performance of the facility. Recent developments of the SG-II 5 PW facility are also presented.

A novel cleanliness control method for disk amplifiers

As the key part for energy amplification of high-power laser systems,disk amplifiers must work in an extremely clean environment.Different from the traditional cleanliness control scheme of active intake and passive exhaust(AIPE),a new method of active exhaust and passive intake(AEPI)is proposed in this paper.Combined with computational fluid dynamics(CFD)technology,through the optimization design of the sizes,shapes,and locations of different outlets and inlets,the turbulence that is unfavorable to cleanliness control is effectively avoided in the disk amplifier cavity during the process of AEPI.Finally,the cleanliness control of the cavity of the disk amplifier can be realized just by once exhaust.Meanwhile,the micro negative pressure environment in the amplifier cavity produced during the exhaust process reduces the requirement for sealing.This method is simple,time saving,gas saving,efficient,and safe.It is also suitable for the cleanliness control of similar amplifiers.

Effects of side subsurface defects induced by CNC machine on the gain spatial distribution in neodymium phosphate glass

The processing method applied to the side surface is different from the method applied to the light pass surface in neodymium phosphate glass(Nd:glass), and thus subsurface defects remain after processing. The subsurface defects in the side surface influence the gain uniformity of Nd:glass, which is a key factor to evaluate the performance of amplifiers. The scattering characteristics of side subsurface defects were simulated by finite difference time domain(FDTD) Solutions software. The scattering powers of the glass fabricated by a computer numerical control(CNC)machine without cladding were tested at different incident angles. The trend of the curve was similar to the simulated result, while the smallest point was different with the complex true morphology. The simulation showed that the equivalent residual reflectivity of the cladding glass can be more than 0.1% when the number of defects in a single gridding is greater than 50.

Developmental genes during placentation:insights from mouse mutants

Placenta,a temporary organ first formed during the development of a new life is essential for the survival and growth of the fetus in eutherian mammals.It serves as an interface for the exchange of nutrients,gases and wastes between the maternal and fetal compartments.During the past decades,studies employing gene-engineered mouse mutants have revealed a wide range of signaling molecules governing the trophoblast development and function during placentation under various pathophysiological conditions.Here,we summarize the recent progress with particular respect to the involvement of developmental genes during placentation.