Genetic architecture of leaf morphology revealed by integrated trait module in Catalpa bungei

Leaves are crucial for maintaining plant growth and development via photosynthesis,and their function is simultaneously regulated by a suite of phenotypic traits.Although much is known about the genetic architecture of individual leaf traits,unraveling the genetic basis of complex leafmorphology remains a challenge.Based on the functional correlation and coordination ofmulti-traits,we divided 15 leaf morphological traits into three modules,comprising size(area,length,width,and perimeter),shape(leaf lobes,aspect ratio,circularity,rectangularity,and the relevant ratios),and color(red,green,and blue)for an ornamental tree species,Catalpa bungei.A total of 189 significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the leaves of C.bungei:35,82,and 76 in the size,shape,and color modules,respectively.Four quantitative trait loci were common between the size and shape modules,which were closely related according to phenotype correlation,genetic mapping,and mRNA analysis.The color module was independent of them.Synergistic changes in the aspect ratio,leaf lobe,and circularity suggest that these traits could be the core indicators of the leaf shape module.The LAS and SRK genes,associated with leaf lobe and circularity,were found to function in plant defense mechanisms and the growth of leaves.The associations between the SRK and CRK2 genes and the leaf lobe and circularity traits were further verified by RT-qPCR.Our findings demonstrate the importance of integrating multi-trait modules to characterize leaf morphology and facilitate a holistic understanding of the genetic architecture of intraspecific leaf morphology diversity.

Roles of effective stabilizers in improving oral bioavailability of naringenin nanocrystals:Maintenance of supersaturation generated upon dissolution by inhibition of drug dimerization

Nanocrystals(NCs),a colloidal dispersion system formulated with stabilizers,have attracted widespread interest due to their ability to effectively improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.The stabilizer plays a key role because it can affect the physical stability and even the oral bioavailability of NCs.However,how stabilizers affect the bioavailability of NCs remains unknown.In this study,F68,F127,HPMC,and PVP were each used as a stabilizer to formulate naringenin NCs.The NCs formulated with PVP exhibited excellent release behaviors,cellular uptake,permeability,oral bioavailability,and anti-inflammatory effects.The underlying mechanism is that PVP effectively inhibits the formation of naringenin dimer,which in turn improves the physical stability of the supersaturated solution generated when NC is dissolved.This finding provides insights into the effects of stabilizers on the in vivo performances of NCs and supplies valuable knowledge for the development of poorly water-soluble drugs.

荧光寿命显微成像技术及其在肿瘤诊断中的应用

荧光寿命显微成像技术(FLIM)不仅可以实现对人体组织进行快速、无损、高空间分辨率的三维成像,还可以对组织体进行细胞和亚细胞水平的空间结构和生化特性等量化表征,为实时监测组织体微环境变化,反映分子水平的生物物理和生物化学进程提供了一种无标记、非侵入性、活体成像的有效手段。该技术凭借其在肿瘤诊断方面的独特优势,当前已成为生物医学光学领域的重要研究方向之一。本文首先介绍荧光寿命成像技术的基本原理和分类;在此基础上,综述了内源性荧光和外源性荧光寿命成像技术在肿瘤诊断方面的应用;最后阐述了荧光寿命成像技术应用于临床肿瘤诊断所面临的挑战,并对其临床应用前景进行展望。