Bisphenol A （BPA）, an endocrine disrupting compound, has caused wide public concerns due to its wide occurrence in environment and harmful effects. BPA has been detected in many surface waters and drinking water wit...Bisphenol A （BPA）, an endocrine disrupting compound, has caused wide public concerns due to its wide occurrence in environment and harmful effects. BPA has been detected in many surface waters and drinking water with the maximum concentrations up to tens of μg · L-1. The physicochemical technology options in eliminating BPA can be divided into four categories： oxidation, advanced oxidation, adsorption and membrane filtration. Each removal option has its own limitation and merits in removing BPA. Oxidation and advanced oxidation generally can remove BPA efficiently while they also have some drawbacks, such as high cost, the generation of a variety of transformation products that are even more toxic than the parent compound and difficult to be mineralized. Only few advanced oxidation methods have been reported to be able to mineralize BPA completely. Therefore, it is important not only to identify the major initial transformation products but also to assess their estrogenic activity relative to the parent compounds when oxidation methods are employed to remove BPA. Without formation of harmful by-products, physical separation methods such as activated carbon adsorption and membrane processes are able to remove BPA in water effluents and thus have potential as BPA removal technologies. However, the necessary regeneration of activated carbon and the low BPA removal efficiency when the membrane became saturated may limit the application of activated carbon adsorption and membrane processes for BPA removal. Hybrid processes, e.g. combining adsorption and biologic process or combining membrane and oxidation process, which can achieve simultaneous physical separation anddegradation of BPA, will be highly preferred in future.展开更多
Dynamic membrane technology represents a promising substitution for conventional membrane bioreactor system,which owns the merits of flexible and comparably cheap materials,easy for backwash,good antifouling property,...Dynamic membrane technology represents a promising substitution for conventional membrane bioreactor system,which owns the merits of flexible and comparably cheap materials,easy for backwash,good antifouling property,etc.It has been over half a century since the principle of dynamic membranes was first reported,whereas the development and popularization are still limited.This paper makes a review on characteristics of dynamic membranes,including development and application,mechanism,structure and materials,operation conditions,membrane fouling,dynamic membrane cleaning,and cost analysis,attempting to give clues on promotions and perspectives exhibited of this technology.展开更多
文摘Bisphenol A （BPA）, an endocrine disrupting compound, has caused wide public concerns due to its wide occurrence in environment and harmful effects. BPA has been detected in many surface waters and drinking water with the maximum concentrations up to tens of μg · L-1. The physicochemical technology options in eliminating BPA can be divided into four categories： oxidation, advanced oxidation, adsorption and membrane filtration. Each removal option has its own limitation and merits in removing BPA. Oxidation and advanced oxidation generally can remove BPA efficiently while they also have some drawbacks, such as high cost, the generation of a variety of transformation products that are even more toxic than the parent compound and difficult to be mineralized. Only few advanced oxidation methods have been reported to be able to mineralize BPA completely. Therefore, it is important not only to identify the major initial transformation products but also to assess their estrogenic activity relative to the parent compounds when oxidation methods are employed to remove BPA. Without formation of harmful by-products, physical separation methods such as activated carbon adsorption and membrane processes are able to remove BPA in water effluents and thus have potential as BPA removal technologies. However, the necessary regeneration of activated carbon and the low BPA removal efficiency when the membrane became saturated may limit the application of activated carbon adsorption and membrane processes for BPA removal. Hybrid processes, e.g. combining adsorption and biologic process or combining membrane and oxidation process, which can achieve simultaneous physical separation anddegradation of BPA, will be highly preferred in future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51138009,51208365)the National Key Technologies R&D Program(2012BAJ21B03)
文摘Dynamic membrane technology represents a promising substitution for conventional membrane bioreactor system,which owns the merits of flexible and comparably cheap materials,easy for backwash,good antifouling property,etc.It has been over half a century since the principle of dynamic membranes was first reported,whereas the development and popularization are still limited.This paper makes a review on characteristics of dynamic membranes,including development and application,mechanism,structure and materials,operation conditions,membrane fouling,dynamic membrane cleaning,and cost analysis,attempting to give clues on promotions and perspectives exhibited of this technology.
