Applying slow-release fertilizers is possible means for reducing nitrogen(N) loss in rice production. Matrix-based fertilizers represent novel slow-release fertilizers. To date, there is little consensus about the eff...Applying slow-release fertilizers is possible means for reducing nitrogen(N) loss in rice production. Matrix-based fertilizers represent novel slow-release fertilizers. To date, there is little consensus about the effect of combined addition of organic and inorganic matrix materials on rice production. We developed a slow-release urea fertilizer with selected organic and inorganic matrix materials. The study aimed to: i) determine the effect of the slow-release urea on rice yield, profit, and agronomic efficiency and ii) elucidate its possible mechanisms. A two-year field experiment was conducted during 2015–2016. Besides,laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the potential N loss risk. Three treatments were set up: control without N application(CK), regular urea treatment(RU, 150 kg N ha^(-1)), and slow-release urea treatment(SU, 150 kg N ha^(-1)). The results showed that rice biomass and grain yield were significantly higher in SU than in RU(P < 0.05). The higher panicle density in SU was largely responsible for the greater grain yield. Net profit in SU was US$450 ha^(-1), higher than in RU. Agronomic efficiency was significantly greater in SU than in RU(P < 0.05). Rice height, root area, leaf chlorophyll, leaf nitrate reductase activity, and leaf glutamine synthetase activity were larger in SU than in RU. Less N loss and greater soil N availability were partly responsible for the improvements in rice growth traits and physiological parameters in SU. Overall, the slow-release urea is a promising fertilizer for rice production.展开更多
重离子辐射具有独特的物理和生物学特性,在诱变育种等领域有着广泛的应用,但其诱变的机制并不完全清楚。不同于传统的X和γ射线,重离子辐射具有较高的线传能密度(Linear energy transfer,LET),主要诱导团簇状的DNA损伤,其演化为遗传变...重离子辐射具有独特的物理和生物学特性,在诱变育种等领域有着广泛的应用,但其诱变的机制并不完全清楚。不同于传统的X和γ射线,重离子辐射具有较高的线传能密度(Linear energy transfer,LET),主要诱导团簇状的DNA损伤,其演化为遗传变异的过程更为复杂,突变类型也更难预测。目前的实验技术很难在序列水平对重离子击中DNA的靶点进行定位,这致使重离子辐射诱变机制的研究相对滞后。针对这一问题,根据重离子辐射诱导的团簇损伤核心区域富含DNA双链断裂(Double-strand break,DSB)以及同源重组机制对DSB特异性响应的特性,首先构建了四环素抗性基因(TetA)同源重组元件用于确定DNA团簇损伤的序列定位,并在重组原件侧翼连接反向突变筛选基因LacI用于团簇损伤—突变的检测,最后把该质粒转化到大肠杆菌E.coli。在此基础上,比较分析γ射线与碳重离子(80 MeV/u)辐照后同源重组和报告基因突变的情况,验证了该体系用于重离子辐射靶点序列定位及突变检测的可行性,为进一步研究重离子辐射诱变的相关机制奠定了方法学基础。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2017YFD0301302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.31601828 and 31500300)+1 种基金Anhui Science and Technology Major Project (No.18030701205)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KFJ-STS-QYZD-008)。
文摘Applying slow-release fertilizers is possible means for reducing nitrogen(N) loss in rice production. Matrix-based fertilizers represent novel slow-release fertilizers. To date, there is little consensus about the effect of combined addition of organic and inorganic matrix materials on rice production. We developed a slow-release urea fertilizer with selected organic and inorganic matrix materials. The study aimed to: i) determine the effect of the slow-release urea on rice yield, profit, and agronomic efficiency and ii) elucidate its possible mechanisms. A two-year field experiment was conducted during 2015–2016. Besides,laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the potential N loss risk. Three treatments were set up: control without N application(CK), regular urea treatment(RU, 150 kg N ha^(-1)), and slow-release urea treatment(SU, 150 kg N ha^(-1)). The results showed that rice biomass and grain yield were significantly higher in SU than in RU(P < 0.05). The higher panicle density in SU was largely responsible for the greater grain yield. Net profit in SU was US$450 ha^(-1), higher than in RU. Agronomic efficiency was significantly greater in SU than in RU(P < 0.05). Rice height, root area, leaf chlorophyll, leaf nitrate reductase activity, and leaf glutamine synthetase activity were larger in SU than in RU. Less N loss and greater soil N availability were partly responsible for the improvements in rice growth traits and physiological parameters in SU. Overall, the slow-release urea is a promising fertilizer for rice production.
文摘重离子辐射具有独特的物理和生物学特性,在诱变育种等领域有着广泛的应用,但其诱变的机制并不完全清楚。不同于传统的X和γ射线,重离子辐射具有较高的线传能密度(Linear energy transfer,LET),主要诱导团簇状的DNA损伤,其演化为遗传变异的过程更为复杂,突变类型也更难预测。目前的实验技术很难在序列水平对重离子击中DNA的靶点进行定位,这致使重离子辐射诱变机制的研究相对滞后。针对这一问题,根据重离子辐射诱导的团簇损伤核心区域富含DNA双链断裂(Double-strand break,DSB)以及同源重组机制对DSB特异性响应的特性,首先构建了四环素抗性基因(TetA)同源重组元件用于确定DNA团簇损伤的序列定位,并在重组原件侧翼连接反向突变筛选基因LacI用于团簇损伤—突变的检测,最后把该质粒转化到大肠杆菌E.coli。在此基础上,比较分析γ射线与碳重离子(80 MeV/u)辐照后同源重组和报告基因突变的情况,验证了该体系用于重离子辐射靶点序列定位及突变检测的可行性,为进一步研究重离子辐射诱变的相关机制奠定了方法学基础。
