Microbial mobilization and immobilization processes can affect the bioavailability and mobility of metals thereby influencing their toxicity and can therefore be utilized to treat solid and liquid wastes contaminated ...Microbial mobilization and immobilization processes can affect the bioavailability and mobility of metals thereby influencing their toxicity and can therefore be utilized to treat solid and liquid wastes contaminated by metals. However, the microbial mobilization and immobilization of metals depends on the microbial metabolism, the environment conditions. In this review, mobilization and immobilization of metals are discussed with regard to the presence and function of involved microorganisms and in relation to applications such as bioleaching. Furthermore, the biosorption process is evaluated as a possible approach for microbial immobilization of metal on the basis of four mechanisms：（1） physical adsorption,（2） ion exchange,（3） complexation, and（4） microprecipitation. In addition, sulfide precipitation by sulfate reducing bacteria was included as an example of an application of microbial immobilization. Based on the evaluation and recommendations in this paper, bioremediation strategies for metals can be improved thus increasing the opportunity for field applications.展开更多
This study involved an evaluation of the potential for bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in the effluent from a large municipal wastewater treatment plant. It was focused on the presence of PCBs in two...This study involved an evaluation of the potential for bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in the effluent from a large municipal wastewater treatment plant. It was focused on the presence of PCBs in two types of effluents: the continuous effluent present during dry weather conditions and the intermittently present effluent that was present during wet weather due to incoming stormwater. The annual discharge of PCBs for both types of effluent was calculated based on a five-year dataset(2011–2015). In addition, the toxicity and bioremediation potential of the PCBs in the effluent were also assessed. It was found that the continuous effluent was responsible for the majority of the discharged PCB into the receiving river(1821 g for five years), while the intermittent effluent contributed 260 g over the five years.The average number of chlorine per biphenyl for the detected PCB congeners showed a 19%difference between the two types of effluent, which indicated a potential for organohalide respiration of PCBs during the continuous treatment. This was further supported by a high level of tri-, tetra-and penta-chlorinated congeners accounting for 75% of the anaerobically respired PCBs. Potential for aerobic degradation and thus biomineralization of PCBs was identified for both effluents. Furthermore, toxicity of 12 dioxin-like PCBs showed that normal operation of the wastewater reduced the toxicity throughout the wastewater treatment plant.展开更多
文摘Microbial mobilization and immobilization processes can affect the bioavailability and mobility of metals thereby influencing their toxicity and can therefore be utilized to treat solid and liquid wastes contaminated by metals. However, the microbial mobilization and immobilization of metals depends on the microbial metabolism, the environment conditions. In this review, mobilization and immobilization of metals are discussed with regard to the presence and function of involved microorganisms and in relation to applications such as bioleaching. Furthermore, the biosorption process is evaluated as a possible approach for microbial immobilization of metal on the basis of four mechanisms：（1） physical adsorption,（2） ion exchange,（3） complexation, and（4） microprecipitation. In addition, sulfide precipitation by sulfate reducing bacteria was included as an example of an application of microbial immobilization. Based on the evaluation and recommendations in this paper, bioremediation strategies for metals can be improved thus increasing the opportunity for field applications.
基金supported by the University of Maryland, Clark School of Engineering
文摘This study involved an evaluation of the potential for bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in the effluent from a large municipal wastewater treatment plant. It was focused on the presence of PCBs in two types of effluents: the continuous effluent present during dry weather conditions and the intermittently present effluent that was present during wet weather due to incoming stormwater. The annual discharge of PCBs for both types of effluent was calculated based on a five-year dataset(2011–2015). In addition, the toxicity and bioremediation potential of the PCBs in the effluent were also assessed. It was found that the continuous effluent was responsible for the majority of the discharged PCB into the receiving river(1821 g for five years), while the intermittent effluent contributed 260 g over the five years.The average number of chlorine per biphenyl for the detected PCB congeners showed a 19%difference between the two types of effluent, which indicated a potential for organohalide respiration of PCBs during the continuous treatment. This was further supported by a high level of tri-, tetra-and penta-chlorinated congeners accounting for 75% of the anaerobically respired PCBs. Potential for aerobic degradation and thus biomineralization of PCBs was identified for both effluents. Furthermore, toxicity of 12 dioxin-like PCBs showed that normal operation of the wastewater reduced the toxicity throughout the wastewater treatment plant.
