Digital maps of soil properties are now widely available.End-users now can access several digital soil mapping(DSM)products of soil properties,produced using different models,calibration/training data,and covariates a...Digital maps of soil properties are now widely available.End-users now can access several digital soil mapping(DSM)products of soil properties,produced using different models,calibration/training data,and covariates at various spatial scales from global to local.Therefore,there is an urgent need to provide easy-to-understand tools to communicate map uncertainty and help end-users assess the reliability of DSM products for use at local scales.In this study,we used a large amount of hand-feel soil texture(HFST)data to assess the performance of various published DSM products on the prediction of soil particle size distribution in Central France.We tested four DSM products for soil texture prediction developed at various scales(global,continental,national,and regional)by comparing their predictions with approximately 3200 HFST observations realized on a 1:50000 soil survey conducted after release of these DSM products.We used both visual comparisons and quantitative indicators to match the DSM predictions and HFST observations.The comparison between the low-cost HFST observations and DSM predictions clearly showed the applicability of various DSM products,with the prediction accuracy increasing from global to regional predictions.This simple evaluation can determine which products can be used at the local scale and if more accurate DSM products are required.展开更多
Past builders have developed very low-embodied energy construction techniques optimizing the use of local building materials.These techniques are a source of inspiration for modern sustainable building.Unfortunately,t...Past builders have developed very low-embodied energy construction techniques optimizing the use of local building materials.These techniques are a source of inspiration for modern sustainable building.Unfortunately,this know-how was orally transmitted and was lost as earth construction fell into disuse during the 20th century in European countries.The absence of written documents makes necessary to use an archaeological approach in order to rediscover these construction strategies.Micromorphological analysis of thin sections collacted in earth building walls was used for the first time to describe cob construction technique and highlighted several typical pedofeatures allowing to clearly identifying this process.Finally,a first comparison of the cob and rammed earth micromorphological features permitted to identify two key factors to distinguish these two techniques,the manufacturing state(solid or plastic)and the organization of the material in the wall.展开更多
文摘Digital maps of soil properties are now widely available.End-users now can access several digital soil mapping(DSM)products of soil properties,produced using different models,calibration/training data,and covariates at various spatial scales from global to local.Therefore,there is an urgent need to provide easy-to-understand tools to communicate map uncertainty and help end-users assess the reliability of DSM products for use at local scales.In this study,we used a large amount of hand-feel soil texture(HFST)data to assess the performance of various published DSM products on the prediction of soil particle size distribution in Central France.We tested four DSM products for soil texture prediction developed at various scales(global,continental,national,and regional)by comparing their predictions with approximately 3200 HFST observations realized on a 1:50000 soil survey conducted after release of these DSM products.We used both visual comparisons and quantitative indicators to match the DSM predictions and HFST observations.The comparison between the low-cost HFST observations and DSM predictions clearly showed the applicability of various DSM products,with the prediction accuracy increasing from global to regional predictions.This simple evaluation can determine which products can be used at the local scale and if more accurate DSM products are required.
基金The authors want to acknowledge Dr.Ashish Shukla of Coventry University for his kind proofreading of the manuscript.
文摘Past builders have developed very low-embodied energy construction techniques optimizing the use of local building materials.These techniques are a source of inspiration for modern sustainable building.Unfortunately,this know-how was orally transmitted and was lost as earth construction fell into disuse during the 20th century in European countries.The absence of written documents makes necessary to use an archaeological approach in order to rediscover these construction strategies.Micromorphological analysis of thin sections collacted in earth building walls was used for the first time to describe cob construction technique and highlighted several typical pedofeatures allowing to clearly identifying this process.Finally,a first comparison of the cob and rammed earth micromorphological features permitted to identify two key factors to distinguish these two techniques,the manufacturing state(solid or plastic)and the organization of the material in the wall.
