Current LC-MS-based strategies for characterization and quantification of antibody-drug conjugates

The past few years have witnessed enormous progresses in the development of antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs).Consequently,comprehensive analysis of ADCs in biological systems is critical in supporting discovery,development and evaluation of these agents.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)has eme rged as a promising and versatile tool for ADC analysis across a wide range of scenarios,owing to its multiplexing ability,rapid method development,as well as the capability of analyzing a variety of targets ranging from small-molecule payloads to the intact protein with a high,molecular resolution.However,despite this tremendous potential,challenges persist due to the high complexity in both the ADC molecules and the related biological systems.This review summarizes the up-to-date LC-MS-based strategies in ADC analysis and discusses the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly-evolving field.

Simulation and Improvements of Oceanic Circulation and Sea Ice by the Coupled Climate System Model FGOALS-f3-L

This study documents simulated oceanic circulations and sea ice by the coupled climate system model FGOALS-f3-L developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,under historical forcing from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6).FGOALS-f3-L reproduces the fundamental features of global oceanic circulations,such as sea surface temperature(SST),sea surface salinity(SSS),mixed layer depth(MLD),vertical temperature and salinity,and meridional overturning circulations.There are notable improvements compared with the previous version,FGOALS-s2,such as a reduction in warm SST biases near the western and eastern boundaries of oceans and salty SSS biases in the tropical western Atlantic and eastern boundaries,and a mitigation of deep MLD biases at high latitudes.However,several obvious biases remain.The most significant biases include cold SST biases in the northwestern Pacific(over 4°C),freshwater SSS biases and deep MLD biases in the subtropics,and temperature and salinity biases in deep ocean at high latitudes.The simulated sea ice shows a reasonable distribution but stronger seasonal cycle than observed.The spatial patterns of sea ice are more realistic in FGOALS-f3-L than its previous version because the latitude–longitude grid is replaced with a tripolar grid in the ocean and sea ice model.The most significant biases are the overestimated sea ice and underestimated SSS in the Labrador Sea and Barents Sea,which are related to the shallower MLD and weaker vertical mixing.

Demonstration of multi-pass amplification of 46.9 nm laser pumped by capillary discharge

Using a plane–plane resonator composed of silicon carbide mirrors,we achieve for the first time multi-pass amplification of a 46.9 nm laser pumped by capillary discharge.In terms of the temporal characteristics,for an initial argon pressure of 17 Pa,triple-pass amplification of the laser is obtained at a delay time between the pre-pulse and the main pulse currents of 40s,and quadruple-pass amplification is obtained at a delay time of 50s.The experimental results show that the gain duration of the plasma column is more than 6 ns.In terms of spatial characteristics,the spot of the output laser has a reduced full width at half maximum divergence compared with that from a laser without a resonator.

CAS FGOALS-f3-H Dataset for the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project(HighResMIP)Tier 2

Following the High-Resolution Model Intercomparison Project(HighResMIP)Tier 2 protocol under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6(CMIP6),three numerical experiments are conducted with the Chinese Academy of Sciences Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model,version f3-H(CAS FGOALS-f3-H),and a 101-year(1950–2050)global high-resolution simulation dataset is presented in this study.The basic configuration of the FGOALSf3-H model and numerical experiments design are briefly described,and then the historical simulation is validated.Forced by observed radiative agents from 1950 to 2014,the coupled model essentially reproduces the observed long-term trends of temperature,precipitation,and sea ice extent,as well as the large-scale pattern of temperature and precipitation.With an approximate 0.25°horizontal resolution in the atmosphere and 0.1°in the ocean,the coupled models also simulate energetic western boundary currents and the Antarctic Circulation Current(ACC),reasonable characteristics of extreme precipitation,and realistic frontal scale air-sea interaction.The dataset and supporting detailed information have been published in the Earth System Grid Federation.

Effect of delay time between pre-pulse and main pulse on single-pass and double-pass amplification of 46.9 nm laser

In this paper,the influence of the delay time between the pre-pulse and the main pulse on the double-pass amplified 46.9 nm laser was studied for the first time,to the best of our knowledge,by using a high-precision polished SiC slice as a rear mirror.The temporal and spatial characteristics of the output laser were measured separately to investigate the effect of the delay time on the laser characteristics.The energy of the double-pass amplified laser was between 510μJ and 890μJ.In addition,a theoretical model of double-pass amplification was established to analyze the effect of the delay time on the double-pass amplified 46.9 nm laser.

Chinese MOOC Search Engine

MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) has become more and more popular all over the world in recent years. However, search engines, such as Google, Baidu, Yahoo and Bing, do not support specialized MOOC courses searching. The purpose of this demo is to present a vertical search engine designed to retrieve MOOC courses for learner. The demo search engine obtains MOOC web pages by a focused Crawler. And the pages are parsed into structure or unstructure data with a modeling-based Parser. Then the Indexer build index for the data by Lucene. Finally, the extraction MOOC list is made by Course_ranking and Retrieval. The demo search engine is accessible at http://www.MOOCsoso.com.

Impact of pre-pulse current and delay time on 46.9 nm laser with larger inner diameter alumina capillary

In this Letter, we firstly, to the best of our knowledge, demonstrated the influence of pre-pulse current and delay time on the intensity of a discharge pumped Ne-like Ar soft X-ray laser operating at 46.9 nm by employing an alumina capillary having an inner diameter of 4.8 mm. Specifically, the delay time was changed from 8 to 520 μs in small intervals. The pre-discharge current was increased from 25 A to 250 A through small steps, while keeping the main discharge current constant. Usually, a small pre-discharge current is applied to an Ar-filled capillary to attain a plasma column having sufficient pre-ionization before the injection of the main current. The predischarge current of 140 A was declared the best current to obtain lasing with a 4.8 mm diameter capillary.The laser spots were captured at best time delays for the pre-discharge currents of 25, 45, 80, 140, and250 A, which support the experimental results. We observed that by applying the pre-discharge current of140 A, the laser spot exhibits small divergence, higher symmetry, and uniformity, which is clear evidence of strong amplification. The laser spot obtained at 140 A is cylindrically symmetric and has a better structure than those reported by all other groups in the literature. Hence, the laser spot indicates that the laser beam is highly focusable and beneficial for the applications of the 46.9 nm laser. Results of this Letter might open a new way to enhance applications of a 46.9 nm capillary discharge soft X-ray laser.

Square cavity flow driven by two mutually facing sliding walls

We investigate the flow inside a 2D square cavity driven by the motion of two mutually facing walls independently sliding at different speeds.The exploration,which employs the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM),extends on previous studies that had the two lids moving with the exact same speed in opposite directions.Unlike there,here the flow is governed by two Reynolds numbers(Re_(T),Re_(B))associated to the velocities of the two moving walls.For convenience,we define a bulk Reynolds number Re and quantify the driving velocity asymmetry by a parameterα.Parameterαhas been defined in the rangeα∈[-π4,0]and a systematic sweep in Reynolds numbers has been undertaken to unfold the transitional dynamics path of the two-sided wall-driven cavity flow.In particular,the critical Reynolds numbers for Hopf and NeimarkSacker bifurcations have been determined as a function ofα.The eventual advent of chaotic dynamics and the symmetry properties of the intervening solutions are also analyzed and discussed.The study unfolds for the first time the full bifurcation scenario as a function of the two Reynolds numbers,and reveals the different flow topologies found along the transitional path.

融合知识表示的知识库问答系统

基于知识库的问答系统能够根据知识库中的事实自动回答自然语言的问题.简单问题是指可以通过知识库中单一的事实来进行回答的问题,这类问题也是最常见的问题.但是当面对大规模的知识库时,简单问题依然存在很大的挑战.当前的端到端(end-to-end)模型主要依赖于对问句、实体和关系的文本描述进行表示学习,进而根据这些表示来计算实体、关系与问句的语义相关度,忽略了知识库中的实体和关系的结构信息.而这些结构信息,对于问句中实体和关系的识别有重要作用.本文采用一种融合文本和知识的表示学习方法,通过文本表示和组合模型来学习问句和知识的表示,同时使用知识的结构信息来约束文本的表示和组合.在基于知识的问答任务上的结果表明,本文提出的方法学习到的问句和知识的表示能很好地反映问句与知识之间的语义相关性,并显著地提升了问句中实体链接和关系识别的准确率.

Competitive Cloud Pricing for Long-Term Revenue Maximization

We study the pricing policy optimization problem for cloud providers while considering three properties of the real-world market:1)providers have only incomplete information about the market;2)it is in evolution due to the increasing number of users and decreasing marginal cost of providers:3)it is fully competitive because of providers'and users'revenuedriven nature.As far as we know,there is no existing work investigating the optimal pricing policies under such realistic settings.We first propose a comprehensive model for the real-world cloud inarket and formulatc it as a stochastic game.Then we use the Markov perfect equilibrium(MPE)to describe providers5 optimal policies.Next we decompose the problem of computing the MPE into two subtasks:1)dividing the stochastic game into many normal-formal games and calculating their Nash equilibria,for which we develop an algorithm ensuring to converge,and 2)computing the MPE of the original game,which is efficiently solved by an algorithm combining the Nash equilibria based on a mild assumption.Experimental results show that our algorithms are efficient for computing MPE and the MPE strategy leads to much higher profits for providers compared with existing policies.

Cluster as a Service： A Resource Sharing Approach for Private Cloud

With the rapid development of cloud computing and big data processing, an increasing number of application frameworks are being considered to run in a ＂cloud way＂. This development brings about several challenges to the enterprise private cloud computing platform, e.g., being able to run most existing heterogeneous applications, providing scalability and elasticity support for newly emerged frameworks, and most importantly,sharing cluster resources effectively. In this paper, we propose a new service model, namely, Cluster as a Service（Claa S）, which is suitable for medium- and small-sized data centers to solve these problems in a relatively easy and general way. The idea behind this model is virtualizing the cluster environment for distributed application frameworks. Most applications can directly run in the virtual cluster environment without any modification, which is a great advantage. Based on lightweight containers, we implement a real system of Claa S named Docklet to prove the feasibility of this service model. Meanwhile, we preliminarily design the definition of applications to make them easy to deploy. Finally, we present several examples and evaluate the entire system.