Evaluation of Nutritional Value and Safety of Black Soldier Flies Fed on Dead Pig Meat and Bone Meal

[Objectives]This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value and safety of black soldier flies fed with dead pig meat and bone meal(DPMBM)and to explore the resource utilization of DPMBM.[Methods]The general nutrient composition,amino acids,fatty acids and mineral elements of black soldier fly meal(BSLM)were detected and analyzed.[Results]The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in BSLM were 3.42%,42.31%,34.04%and 5.40%,respectively.The contents of total amino acids(TAA),essential amino acids(∑EAA)and non-essential amino acids(∑NEAA)and umami amino acids(∑DAA),the EAA/TAA value and the EAA/NEAA value were 37.93%,13.08%,24.85%,13.43%,34.47%,52.61%,respectively.A total of eight kinds of saturated fatty acids and seven kinds of unsaturated fatty acids were detected,accounting for 63.65%and 32.67%of the total fatty acids.Among the major mineral elements,the content of Ca was the highest,followed by K,Mg and Na.Among the trace mineral elements,the content of Mn was the highest,followed by Fe,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Cd,As,Pb,Se,Sn,Ti,Sb and Hg.The contents of heavy metal mineral elements in BSLM were far lower than the limits specified in Hygienical Standard for Feeds.[Conclusions]In conclusion,BSLM has high nutritional value and good safety of heavy metals,and thus great potential for development and utilization as a high quality dietary protein,fat and mineral elements source.

In-situ coating and surface partial protonation co-promoting performance of single-crystal nickel-rich cathode in all-solid-state batteries

The poor electrochemical performance of all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs),which is assemblied by Ni-rich cathode and poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based electrolytes,can be attributed to unstable cathodic interface and poor crystal structure stability of Ni-rich cathode.Several coating strategies are previously employed to enhance the stability of the cathodic interface and crystal structure for Ni-rich cathode.However,these methods can hardly achieve simplicity and high efficiency simultaneously.In this work,polyacrylic acid(PAA)replaced traditional PVDF as a binder for cathode,which can achieve a uniform PAA-Li(LixPAA(0<x≤1))coating layer on the surface of single-crystal LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.12)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(SC-NCM83)due to H^(+)/Li^(+)exchange reaction during the initial charging-discharging process.The formation of PAA-Li coating layer on cathode can promote interfacial Li^(+)transport and enhance the stability of the cathodic interface.Furthermore,the partially-protonated surface of SC-NCM83 casued by H^(+)/Li^(+)exchange reaction can restrict Ni ions transport to enhance the crystal structure stability.The proposed SC-NCM83-PAA exhibits superior cycling performance with a retention of 92%compared with that(57.3%)of SC-NCM83-polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)after 200 cycles.This work provides a practical strategy to construct high-performance cathodes for ASSBs.

First results of CO_(2) dispersion interferometer on EAST tokamak

A dispersion interferometer(DI)has been installed and operates on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).This DI system utilizes a continuous-wave 9.3μm CO_(2)laser source to measure line-averaged electron densities accurately.In contrast to conventional interferometers,the DI does not require substantial vibration isolations or compensating systems to reduce the impact of vibrations in the optical path.It also employs a ratio of modulation amplitudes,ensuring it remains immune to the variations in detected intensities.Without a variation compensation system,the DI system on EAST reaches a density resolution of less than1.8×10^(-2)πrad and a temporal resolution of 20μs.The measurements made by the POlarimeterINTerferometer(POINT)system and the far-infrared hydrogen cyanide(HCN)interferometer are remarkably consistent with the DI’s results.The possibility of fringe jumps and the impact of refraction in high-density discharge can be significantly decreased using a shorter wavelength laser source.A rapid density change of 3×10^(19)m^(-3)during 0.15 s has been measured accurately in shot No.114755 of EAST.Additionally,the DI system demonstrates dependability and stability under 305 s long-pulse discharges in shot No.122054.

R2R3-type Lo MYB21 affects jasmonate-regulated development and dehiscence of anthers in lily(Lilium oriental hybrids)

Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could help solve this problem.LoMYB21,encoding a putative R2R3v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB)transcription factor,was identified from oriental lilies(Lilium‘Siberia’).Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that LoMYB21 was mainly expressed in the anther,filament and stigma and had high expression during the late stages of lily anther development.LoMYB21 had transactivation activity and was located in the nucleus through yeast one-hybrid assays and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.Suppression of LoMYB21 by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)in Lilium‘Siberia’led to anther indehiscence and reduced the expression of genes related to Jasmonate acid(JA)biosynthesis and signal transduction.Induction of LoMYB21 in DEX::LoMYB21 transgenic Arabidopsis caused procumbent inflorescences that became infertile,accompanied by higher expression of JA biosynthetic and signaling genes.These results demonstrated that JA content and signaling were abnormal in silenced lily and transgenic LoMYB21 Arabidopsis,which affected anther development.Our study indicated that LoMYB21 could regulate lily anther dehiscence through JA biosynthesis and signaling during the late stages of anther development.

Study on the mechanism of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.- Jujubae Fructus in the treatment of hepatocirrhosis based on network pharmacology

The active components,targets,and pathways of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis and the mechanism of action were explored by means of network pharmacology.Firstly,the active components and related targets of Jujubae Fructus were screened by TCMSP database and standardized by Uniprot database.The compounds of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.were obtained by searching the literature and finally screened by PubChem database,Swiss ADME,and SwissTargetPrediction.Hepatocirrhosis targets were obtained through Genecards database,PPI network analysis was conducted on common targets of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus and hepatocirrhosis by using String database,GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was conducted through Metascape database by using intersection targets of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus and hepatocirrhosis,and the results were drawn by using Weishengxin online drawing platform.Then,the network of drug-compound-target-pathway was constructed by the software of Cytoscape3.8.0.Finally,the above results were verified by molecular docking.47 active compounds from Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus were screened out,which had 38 common targets,162 intersection targets,and 340 signal pathways with hepatocirrhosis,mainly involving hepatitis C,JAK-STAT signal pathway and AGE-RAGE signal pathway.Targets,such as MAPK1,AKT1,TNF,JUN,IL6 and PTGS2,play important roles in the treatment.The findings suggested that the main active ingredients of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis are quercetin,scopolamine,physcion,7-deoxyrangduin,17-Hydroxyjolkinolide A,etc.Molecular docking results showed that the main active components and core targets might have a good binding capacity.This study preliminarily explored the potential mechanism of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus in treating hepatocirrhosis and provided a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.-Jujubae Fructus.

线上线下混合式教学质量评价在藏医内科学教育中的应用与研究

目的:探讨线上线下混合式教学质量评价方式在藏医内科学教育中的应用效果。方法:选取西藏藏医药大学2018级藏医学专业学生70名为研究对象,针对藏医内科学课程教学质量评价分别设置试验组与对照组,每组35名学生。其中试验组借助“问卷星”平台,采用线上线下教学质量评价相结合的方式,对照组采用传统方式的教学质量评价。比较两组学生的期末考试成绩与课程教学质量满意度。结果:试验组学生的期末理论考核成绩高于对照组(P<0.05),试验组学生对课程教学质量满意度也高于对照组学生(P<0.05)。结论:线上线下混合式教学质量评价有助于在藏医内科学教育中提高学生学习质量,提升教学质量满意度。

Structural regulation chemistry of lithium-ion solvation in nonflammable phosphate-based electrolytes for high interfacial compatibility with graphite anode

With the booming development of lithium-ion batteries,safety has become one of the most primary focuses of current researches.Although there are various approaches to enhance the safety of lithiumion batteries,phosphate-based electrolyte holds the greatest potential for practical application due to their non-flammability.Nonetheless,its compatibility issue with the graphite anode remains a significant obstacle to its widespread use.Herein,an effective method is proposed to improve the compatibility of electrolyte with graphite(Gr)anode by rationally adjusting the proportion of lithium salt and solvent components to optimize the Li^(+)solvation structure.By slightly increasing the Li^(+)/triethyl phosphate(TEP)ratio,TEP alone cannot fully occupy the inner solvation sheath and therefore less polar ethylene carbonate(EC)has to be recruited,and the solvation structure gradually changes from Li^(+)–[TEP]_(4)to Li^(+)–[TEP]_(3)[EC]with the coexistence of EC and TEP.Simultaneously,EC molecules in the Li^(+)–[TEP]_(3)[EC]could be preferentially reduced on graphite compared to the TEP molecules,resulting in the formation of a uniform and durable solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer.Benefiting from the optimized phosphate-based electrolyte,the Gr|Li battery exhibits a capacity retention rate of 96.8%after stable cycling at 0.5 C for 470 cycles which shows a longer cycle life than the battery with carbonate electrolyte(cycling at 0.5 C for 450 cycles).Therefore,this work provides the guidance for designing a non-flammable phosphate-based electrolyte for high-safety and long cycling-life lithium-ion batteries.

Molecular Reactivity and Interface Stability Modification in In-Situ Gel Electrolyte for High Performance Quasi-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries

Quasi-solid-state lithium metal battery is a promising candidate for next generation high energy density and high safety power supply.Despite intensive efforts on electrolytes,uncontrolled interfacial reactions on lithium with electrolyte and patchy interfacial contacts still hinder its practical process.Herein,we bring in rationally designed F contained groups into polymer skeleton via in-situ gelation for the first time to establish quasi-solid-state battery.This method achieves a capacity retention of 90%after 1000 cycles at 0.5C with LiFePO_(4)cathodes.The interface constructed by polymer skeleton and reaction with–CF_(3)lead to the predicted solid electrolyte interface species with high stability.Furthermore,we optimize molecular reactivity and interface stability with regulating F contained end groups in the polymer.Comparisons on different structures reveal that high performance solid stable lithium metal batteries rely on chemical modification as well as stable polymer skeleton,which is more critical to construct robust and steady SEI with uniform lithium deposition.New approach with functional groups regulation proposes a more stable cycling process with a capacity retention of 94.2%at 0.5C and 87.6%at 1C after 1000 cycles with LiFePO_(4) cathodes,providing new insights for the practical development of quasi-solid-state lithium metal battery.

Examining the impact of early enteral nutritional support on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing surgical treatment for gastrointestinal neoplasms

BACKGROUND Patients with gastrointestinal tumors often suffer from poor nutritional status during treatment.Surgery is the main treatment for these patients,but the long postoperative recovery period is often accompanied by digestive and absorption dysfunction,leading to further deterioration of the nutritional status.Early enteral nutrition support is hypothesized to be helpful in improving this situation,but the exact effects have yet to be studied in depth.AIM To observe the effect of early enteral nutritional support on postoperative recovery in patients with surgically treated gastrointestinal tract tumors,with the expectation that by improving the nutritional status of patients,the recovery process would be accelerated and the incidence of complications would be reduced,thus improving the quality of life.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 121 patients with gastrointestinal tract tumors treated in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 was performed.Fifty-three of these patients received complete parenteral nutrition support as the control group for this study.The other 68 patients received early enteral nutritional support as the observation group of this study.The clinical indicators comparing the two groups included time to fever,time to recovery of postoperative bowel function,time to postoperative exhaustion,and length of hospital stay.The changes in immune function and nutritional indexes in the two groups were compared.Furthermore,we utilized the SF-36 scale to compare the changes in the quality of life between the two groups of patients.Finally,the occurrence of postoperative complications between the two patient groups was also compared.RESULTS The postoperative fever time,postoperative bowel function recovery time,postoperative exhaustion time,and hospitalization time were all higher in the control group than in the observation group(P<0.05).The levels of CD3+,CD4+,immunoglobulin(Ig)A,IgM,and IgG in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 1 d and 7 d postoperatively,while CD8+was lower than in the control group(P<0.05).Total protein,albumin,prealbumin,and transferrin levels were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group at 7 d postoperatively(P<0.05).The SF-36 scores of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.0001).The overall incidence of adverse reactions after the intervention was significantly lower in the control group than in the observation group(P=0.021).CONCLUSION We found that patients with gastrointestinal tumors are nutritionally vulnerable,and early enteral nutrition support programs can improve the nutritional status of patients and speed up postoperative recovery.This program can not only improve the immune function of the patient and protect the intestinal function,but it can also help to improve the quality of life of the patient.However,this program will increase the incidence of complications in patients.Caution should be taken when adopting early enteral nutrition support measures for patients with gastric cancer.The patient's condition and physical condition should be comprehensively evaluated and closely monitored to prevent possible complications.

Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Responses of Bis(15-crown-5)-stilbenes Binding to One-or Two-Alkali Metal Cation(Li^(+),Na^(+)and K^(+))

Bis(15-crown-5)-stilbenes containing crown ether parts have been widely used in a variety of chemical applications,such as cation detectors,because of their ability to selectively bind to alkali metal cations,Bis(15-crown-5)-stilbenes and its derivatives with complexation of one-or two-alkali metal cation(Li^(+),Na^(+)and K^(+))have been theoretically investigat-ed by quantum chemistry methods.The coordination of alkali cations results in partial shrinkage of crown ethers,which directly affected natural distribution analysis charges and molecular orbital energy levels.The number of alkali metal ions has significant effects on absorption spectra and mean second hyperpolarizability.When one alkali metal ion was added to the anticonformer of bis(15-crown-5)-stilbene,the absorption spectra were obvious-ly redshifted and the mean second hyperpolarizability values were slightly increased;while two alkali metal ions were added to bis(15-crown-5)-stilbene,the absorption spectra were ob-viously blue shifted and the mean second hyperpolarizability values decreased.On the other hand,as the radius of the alkali ions increased,the mean second hyperpolarizability values of the compounds increased gradually.It is indicated that the mean second hyperpolarizability value is sensitive to the number and radius of the alkali metal cations,thus the third order nonlinear optical response can be used as a signal to detect the number and type of alkali met-al ions.

Three-dimensional color particle image velocimetry based on a cross-correlation and optical flow method

Rainbow particle image velocimetry(PIV)can restore the three-dimensional velocity field of particles with a single camera;however,it requires a relatively long time to complete the reconstruction.This paper proposes a hybrid algorithm that combines the fast Fourier transform(FFT)based co-correlation algorithm and the Horn–Schunck(HS)optical flow pyramid iterative algorithm to increase the reconstruction speed.The Rankine vortex simulation experiment was performed,in which the particle velocity field was reconstructed using the proposed algorithm and the rainbow PIV method.The average endpoint error and average angular error of the proposed algorithm were roughly the same as those of the rainbow PIV algorithm;nevertheless,the reconstruction time was 20%shorter.Furthermore,the effect of velocity magnitude and particle density on the reconstruction results was analyzed.In the end,the performance of the proposed algorithm was verified using real experimental single-vortex and double-vortex datasets,from which a similar particle velocity field was obtained compared with the rainbow PIV algorithm.The results show that the reconstruction speed of the proposed hybrid algorithm is approximately 25%faster than that of the rainbow PIV algorithm.

HbNST1 is a positive regulator of the lignin accumulation in strawflower bracts

Strawflower(Helichrysum bracteatum)capitula have papery bracts and thus have the qualities of a naturally dried flower.The involucral bract cells have a secondary cell wall(SCW)of which a crucial component is lignin.Although the constituents of SCWs have been studied extensively in plants,little is known of the mechanism regulating SCW formation,especially lignin biosynthesis in the involucral bracts of strawflower.In this study,a homolog of NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR 1,designated Hb NST1,was identified as a positive regulator of lignin biosynthesis in strawflower.The transcript level of Hb NST1 was the highest in the involucral bracts.Subcellular localization analysis indicated that Hb NST1 was localized to the nucleus.Overexpression of Hb NST1 in Chrysanthemum indicum promoted the expression of a gene related to lignin biosynthesis,a homolog of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase,designated Ci CAD,suggesting that Hb NST1 was associated with the accumulation of lignin in the SCW of the involucral bracts.Taken together,the results suggested that Hb NST1 positively regulated lignin accumulation in the involucral bracts and mediated the expression of lignin biosynthesis-related genes in strawflower.

以职业需求为导向的全科住院医师培训模式探索

以职业需求为导向,探索建立全科住院医师规范化培训模式,在培养方案,教学方法,考核体系等方面进行改革与创新,进一步加强了教师队伍建设和医院培训基地建设,以期培养出合格的全科住院医师。通过经验介绍,为医学院校教育者和医院管理者提供实践参考。

医学生临床能力培养弱化问题及其破解

分析了国内外高等医学教育对医学生临床能力培养的“早临床”的医学教育理念,并已成为世界各国医学教育改革的一大趋势,医学生“早临床”的目的就在于解决医学生临床能力培养弱化问题。以哈尔滨医科大学“2+3”早期临床模式的改革实践为例,介绍了哈尔滨医科大学“2+3”早期临床模式在教学目标调整、课程体系改革、教学方法改革、考评方式改革、教学质量控制改革、师资队伍建设等方面的改革内容,为破解医学生临床能力培养弱化问题提供了实践经验。

TBL结合LBL综合教学法在临床药学医院课间实习的应用

临床药学课间实习是临床药学实践的重要环节之一。探讨TBL结合LBL教学方法在临床药学课间实习带教中的实践效果。针对应用TBL、LBL、TBL结合LBL教学法的学生进行调查问卷与满意度调查。结果表明,TBL与LBL相结合的教学方法优于传统LBL、TBL教学,综合教学模式不仅激发了临床药学学生的实习兴趣、实现主动学习,还增加了团队协作精神,为本科生临床药学思维的建立奠定基础。

MDT诊疗模式在ICU教学模式改革中的应用

目的探讨多学科诊疗模式(MDT)在ICU教学模式改革中的应用效果。方法选取本院2018年1月-2018年8月重症医学专业住院医师规范化培训学员200人,随机分为传统教学组和MDT理念教学组,每组各100人,传统教学组给予临床操作技能实践,MDT理念教学组在传统教学组的基础上进行MDT多学科训练,对比两组学员临床专业技能考核成绩。结果MDT理念教学组考核总成绩以及理论考试、体格检查、诊疗操作、病历质量、服务质量成绩均高于传统教学组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MDT理念教学组对于教学能够促进学习兴趣、提高临床应变能力、加强医患沟通能力评分高于传统教学组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);MDT理念教学组教学满意度以及自我满意度评分高于传统教学组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MDT诊疗模式应用于ICU教学中,可显著提高学员考核成绩,提高学员对教学模式满意度。

以团队为基础的教学在神经病学单病种教学查房的应用

以团队为基础的教学(TBL)模式是以学习团队为载体,旨在通过教师组织学生主动参与,在一定的情景中展开讨论学习,有助于培养学生的临床思维及协作精神。文章阐述了TBL教学法的特点,并具体探讨了与神经病学单病种教学查房的结合,以"脑梗死"这一病例为例从课前准备、查房内容、教学评价方面描述了具体实施过程。同时指出TBL教学法在神经病学教学中的应用现状及不足之处,希望通过不断探索获得良好的教学效果,使学生具备独立分析问题、解决问题的能力。

SPOC在人文医学教育中的实践与反思

“互联网+教育”的深度融合给人文医学教育带来了前所未有的新变革、新契机,促进人文医学教育的深刻转型。通过分析“互联网+教育”时代医学生学习的需求特点,结合哈尔滨医科大学人文医学教育实践,探索SPOC支持下整合在线学习与传统教学,团队教学与个人教学,多种评价相结合的人文医学教育新模式。实践表明,SPOC在人文医学教学中教学优势明显,可以促进人文医学教育多维度、立体化、跨界融合发展,帮助医学生从碎片化的浅层学习迈向体验式的深度学习,共同建构充满人性化的学习共同体。充分利用SPOC平台,注重传承与融合是人文医学教育可持续发展的必由之路。

SimMan在重症医学科住院医师规范化培训中的应用

目的探讨虚拟仿真教学系统SimMan在重症医学科住院医师规范化培训中的应用效果。方法选取我院2016年1月—2018年2月在重症医学科进行住院医师规范化培训的200名住院医师作为研究对象。按入科的时间的不同,将其分为两组,对照组(2016年1月—2017年3月期间规培)和观察组(2017年4月—2018年2月期间规培)。对照组采用传统示教法教学,观察组采用虚拟仿真教学系统SimMan教学。利用理论、实践考核以及调查问卷综合观察教学效果。结果两组测试理论成绩比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05);观察组临床技能测试成绩均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。调查问卷结果显示,观察组在培养学习兴趣,提高临床思维、临床操作技能、综合素质以及教学满意度方面均高于对照组。结论在重症医学科住院医师规范化培训中采用虚拟仿真教学系统SimMan是可行的,有利于提高住院医师规范化培训效果。

新冠肺炎疫情防控期间典型病例直播教学法在临床见习中的应用

因新冠肺炎疫情防控要求,学生暂时无法在病房正常进行临床见习,采用典型病例直播教学法替代临床见习,使学生在有效时间内达到教学大纲要求的知识掌握程度,达到教学目的。通过教师和学生访谈、调查问卷反馈显示,应用典型病例直播教学法,有利于提高教师教学能力,有利于提升学生学习能力。