Serum bile acid and unsaturated fatty acid profiles of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients

BACKGROUND The understanding of bile acid(BA)and unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)profiles,as well as their dysregulation,remains elusive in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)coexisting with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Investigating these metabolites could offer valuable insights into the pathophy-siology of NAFLD in T2DM.AIM To identify potential metabolite biomarkers capable of distinguishing between NAFLD and T2DM.METHODS A training model was developed involving 399 participants,comprising 113 healthy controls(HCs),134 individuals with T2DM without NAFLD,and 152 individuals with T2DM and NAFLD.External validation encompassed 172 participants.NAFLD patients were divided based on liver fibrosis scores.The analytical approach employed univariate testing,orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,logistic regression,receiver operating characteristic curve analysis,and decision curve analysis to pinpoint and assess the diagnostic value of serum biomarkers.RESULTS Compared to HCs,both T2DM and NAFLD groups exhibited diminished levels of specific BAs.In UFAs,particular acids exhibited a positive correlation with NAFLD risk in T2DM,while theω-6:ω-3 UFA ratio demonstrated a negative correlation.Levels ofα-linolenic acid andγ-linolenic acid were linked to significant liver fibrosis in NAFLD.The validation cohort substantiated the predictive efficacy of these biomarkers for assessing NAFLD risk in T2DM patients.CONCLUSION This study underscores the connection between altered BA and UFA profiles and the presence of NAFLD in individuals with T2DM,proposing their potential as biomarkers in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Developing Projects with Low-code Combined with ChatGPT

This paper aims to explore a simpler and more user-friendly way of generating software based on model-driven development.Previous studies have attempted to generate code from domain models,hoping to reduce coding time by increasing modeling time.However,as code tools become more advanced,it is challenging to improve efficiency because models are abstract while implementations are concrete.This paper proposes a novel approach that integrates ChatGPT as a plug-in into the whole R&D process and combines it with our code generation tool to enhance R&D efficiency.We have developed some demos to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.According to our evaluation,our approach can save more than 90%of the work in implementing the code generation tool,leaving only about 10%of the work for code review,code improvement,and unit testing.

Protein dynamics via computational microscope

The purpose of this overview is to provide a concise introduction to the methodology and current advances in molecular dynamics(MD) simulations. MD simulations emerged as a powerful and popular tool to study dynamic behavior of proteins and macromolecule complexes at the atomic resolution. This approach can extend static structural data, such as X-ray crystallography, into dynamic domains with realistic timescales(up to millisecond) and high precision, therefore becoming a veritable computational microscope. This perspective covers current advances and methodology in the simulation of protein folding and drug design as illustrated by several important published examples Overall, recent progress in the simulation field points to the direction that MD will have significant impact on molecular biology and pharmaceutical science.

Effects of remifentanil combined with propofol intravenous target controlled anesthesia on inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter in patients undergoing surgery in cerebral surgery

Objective:To investigate the effect of remifentanil combined with propofol intravenous target-controlled anesthesia on inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter in patients undergoing cerebral surgery.Methods: A total of 86 cases of cerebral surgery patients were divided into control group (n=43) and study group (n=43) based on random lottery method, the patients in the control group was given fentanyl combined with propofol intravenous target controlled anesthesia, and the study group patients were given remifentanil and propofol intravenous target controlled anesthesia, the levels of inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter levels of the two groups were compared before anesthesia induction (T0), tracheal intubation (T1) and extubation (T2) at three time points.Results:No statistical difference of the levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α, MDA, SOD, NE, ALD and PRA between the two groups at T0 moment (P>0.05). Compared with the levels of T0 moment in the same group, hs-CRP, TNF-α, MDA, NE, ALD and PRA levels in the two groups of T1 and T2 increased at different degrees, and the level of SOD decreased (P<0.05). The levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α at the time of T1 and T2 in the study group were (13.18±2.29) mg/L, (70.92±18.97) ng/L, (15.53±4.78) mg/L and (89.15±29.56) ng/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the control group at the same time (allP<0.05). The MDA levels at the T1 and T2 levels of the study group were (3.69±0.42) mmol/L and (4.74±0.51) mmol/L, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of the control group at the same time (allP<0.05). The SOD level were (67.66±9.50) U/mL and (63.21±5.64) U/mL, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control group at the same time (allP<0.05).The NE, ALD and PRA levels at the T1 and T2 levels of the study group were (310.29±20.38) ng/mL and (314.62±19.61) ng/mL, (220.89±15.21) pg/mL and (233.62±15.85) pg /mL and (4.75±1.28) ng/mL/24 h and (4.87±1.32) ng/mL/24 h, respectively, which were significantly lower than the control group at the same time (allP<0.05).Conclusion: Remifentanil combined with propofol target controlled anesthesia can effectively reduce the inflammatory response and improve the oxidative stress status in patients undergoing cerebral surgery, and have little influence on neurotransmitter indexes, which has an important clinical value.

Residential energy transition and chronic respiratory diseases

Obtaining clean energy is of prime importance for planetary health and sustainable development.We aimed to assess the association between residential energy transition and the risk of chronic respiratory diseases.Using data from the Global Health Observatory and Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study,we delineated the spatial distribution and temporal trends of the population using clean fuels for cooking at a global scale.In the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,we performed rigorous and well-structured multistage analyses incorporating both cross-sectional and prospective data analyses to examine the associations between solid fuel use,residential energy transition,duration of solid fuel use,and the risk of chronic respiratory diseases.Despite great progress,huge disparities in access to clean energy persist globally.Residential energy transition was associated with a lower risk of chronic respiratory diseases.In the period of 2011–2013,compared with persistent solid fuel users,both participants who switched from solid to clean fuels(adjusted risk ratio[RR]0.78,95%confidence interval[CI]0.62–0.98)and persistent clean fuel users(adjusted RR 0.71,95%CI 0.57–0.89)had significantly lower risk of chronic respiratory diseases(p<0.001 for trend).Consistent associations were observed in the period of 2011–2015 and 2011–2018.Household energy transition from solid to clean fuels could reduce the risk of chronic respiratory diseases.This is a valuable lesson for policy-makers and the general public to accelerate energy switching to alleviate the burden of chronic respiratory diseases and achieve health benefits,particularly in low-and middle-income countries.