Development of a novel difficulty scoring system for laparoscopic liver resection procedure in patients with intrahepatic duct stones

BACKGROUND For intrahepatic duct(IHD)stones,laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)is currently a reliable treatment.However,the current LLR difficulty scoring system(DSS)is only available for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.AIM To explore the development of a DSS for IHD stone patients with LLR and the validation of its reliability.METHODS We used clinical data from 80 patients who received LLR for IHD stones.Forty-six of these patients were used in multiple linear regression to construct a scoring system.Another 34 patients from different centers were used as external validation.The completeness of our DSS was then evaluated in patients with varying degrees of surgical difficulty based on documented surgical outcomes in the study group of patients.RESULTS The following five predictors were ultimately included and scored by calculating the weighted contribution of each factor to the prediction of operative time in the training cohort:Location of stones,number of stones≥3,stones located in the bile ducts of several grades,previous biliary surgery less than twice,distal bile duct atrophy.Subsequently,the data set was validated using a DSS developed from the variables.The following variables were identified as statistically significant in external validation:Operative time,blood loss,intraoperative transfusion,postoperative alanine aminotransferase,and Clavien-Dindo grading≥3.These variables demonstrated statistically significant differences in patients with three or more grades.CONCLUSION Patients with IHD stones have varying degrees of surgical difficulty,and the newly developed DSS can be validated with external data to effectively predict risks and complications after LLR surgery.

Energy Management and Capacity Optimization of Photovoltaic, Energy Storage System, Flexible Building Power System Considering Combined Benefit

Building structures themselves are one of the key areas of urban energy consumption,therefore,are a major source of greenhouse gas emissions.With this understood,the carbon trading market is gradually expanding to the building sector to control greenhouse gas emissions.Hence,to balance the interests of the environment and the building users,this paper proposes an optimal operation scheme for the photovoltaic,energy storage system,and flexible building power system(PEFB),considering the combined benefit of building.Based on the model of conventional photovoltaic(PV)and energy storage system(ESS),the mathematical optimization model of the system is proposed by taking the combined benefit of the building to the economy,society,and environment as the optimization objective,taking the near-zero energy consumption and carbon emission limitation of the building as the main constraints.The optimized operation strategy in this paper can give optimal results by making a trade-off between the users’costs and the combined benefits of the building.The efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods are verified by simulated experiments.

原发性胃淋巴瘤中APC蛋白的表达及其意义

目的研究分析原发性胃淋巴瘤(PGL)组织中腺瘤性结肠息肉病(APC)蛋白的表达,以及与临床病理特征的关系,探讨APC蛋白在PGL发生、发展中的作用及意义。方法选取2006年6月-2011年12月中南大学湘雅医院、湖南省邵阳市中医医院PGL术后患者的临床资料和手术病理标本。采用免疫组织化学法检测45例PGL和30例胃正常黏膜组织中APC蛋白的表达。结果 PGL和胃正常黏膜组织中APC蛋白阳性表达率分别为37.78%和90.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PGL组织中有无淋巴结转移和不同临床分期的APC蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄、性别及大体形态的APC蛋白阳性表达率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 APC蛋白在PGL中低表达,是PGL发生的一个重要原因,提示APC蛋白可作为PGL发生的一个重要检测指标。

基于边界网格模型的T样条实体重建

为解决零亏格边界网格模型的T样条实体重建问题,提出一种基于八叉树细分和渐进迭代最小二乘拟合算法的T样条实体构建算法.首先给出一种基于体-面-边-点4层几何拓扑的T样条实体数据结构和节点矢量计算算法;接着对边界网格进行参数化,在单位参数立方体和网格模型之间建立参数映射关系,并且采用MVC方法保证参数化结果的单射无自交性;最后实现T样条实体的渐进迭代最小二乘拟合.对sphere模型, head模型和bunny模型进行测试,实现了基于边界网格模型的T样条实体重建,提高了T样条实体构建的效率。

High-throughput sequencing analysis of the regulation of intestinal flora in giant pandas with indigestion using a probiotic agent LyPB

This study aimed to investigate the eff ect of LyPB on the intestinal microfl ora of giant pandas with indigestion,using high-throughput sequencing(HTS)technology.The species distribution and microfl oral density and diversity before and after administration of the LyPB probiotic agent were analyzed.LyPB evidently has the ability to adjust the fl oral imbalance in the panda’s intestine.To test the eff ects of LyPB on the microfl ora of the panda gut,fecal samples were taken from a healthy giant panda(Anan)without administration of LyPB and from a dyspeptic giant panda Yangyang before and after LyPB administration.Compared with the sample obtained from healthy Anan(anan-c)and that obtained from dyspeptic Yangyang before LyPB administration(yangyang1),the sample taken from Yangyang(yangyang2)after LyPB administration displayed a signifi cant increase in the operational taxonomic unit index.An increase in the Chao index indicated an increase in the microfl oral richness,while an increase in the Shannon index indicated an increase in microfl oral diversity.At phylum and genus levels,a signifi cant increase was observed in the density of probiotic bacteria of phylum fi rmicutes,genus Streptococcus,while a drastic reduction in the density of Escherichia coli/Escherichia coli Shigella/bacteria of genus Shigella was observed.Data obtained in this study shows that LyPB preparations successfully improve the microbial structure within the panda’s intestinal canal by signifi cantly increasing the eff ective microbial community and decreasing the number of pathogenic microbes.

Effects of comprehensive nursing on postoperative complications,mental status and quality of life in patients with glioma

BACKGROUND The complexity and refractory of brain glioma requires treatment that should involve a multidisciplinary approach to improve quality of care and fulfill patients’needs.AIM To explore the effects of comprehensive nursing on postoperative complications,psychological state and quality of life in patients with brain glioma.METHODS A total of 106 patients with confirmed brain gliomas admitted to Nanchong Central Hospital between January 2019 and May 2021 were selected by random sampling.They were categorized into an observation group and a control group using a random number table with 53 patients in each group.Patients in the observation group were given comprehensive nursing in addition to conventional nursing and patients in the control group were given conventional nursing.The overall incidence of postoperative complications including limb dysfunction,high fever and epilepsy was compared between the two groups.The mental status was evaluated in the two groups before and after intervention using self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)and self-rating depression scale(SDS).Quality of life was assessed and compared using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire between the two groups before and after the intervention.RESULTS After intervention,the overall incidence of postoperative complications was significantly lower in the observation group(7.55%)than that in the control group(20.75%)(P<0.05).Before intervention,there was no significant difference in SAS and SDS scores between the two groups(P>0.05).However,after intervention,scores of SAS and SDS decreased in the two groups compared with those before intervention,and the scores of SAS and SDS were lower in the observation group than in the control group(all P<0.05).There was no significant difference in quality of life between the two groups before the intervention(P>0.05).In contrast,quality of life increased in the two groups compared with those before intervention,and it was higher in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Comprehensive nursing can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications,improve the psychological state of anxiety and depression and improve quality of life in patients with brain glioma.

Cannot see you but can hear you: vocal identity recognition in microbats

Identity recognition is one of the most critical social behaviours in a variety of animal species. Microchiropteran bats present a special use case of acoustic communication in the dark. These bats use echolocation pulses for navigating, foraging, and communicating; however, increasing evidence suggests that echolocation pulses also serve as a means of social communication. Compared with echolocation signals, communication calls in bats have rather complex structures and differ substantially by social context. Bat acoustic signals vary broadly in spectrotemporal space among individuals, sexes, colonies and species. This type of information can be gathered from families of vocalizations based on voice characteristics. In this review we summarize the current studies regarding vocal identity recognition in microbats. We also provide recommendations and directions for further work.

RNA Extraction from Herba Violae Roots with Low-temperature Sectioning Method

[ Objective ] This study aimed to investigate the optimal method for extracting RNA from roots of medicinal plant herba violae by comparing the effects of liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method on RNA extraction. [ Method] Roots of herba violae were respectively crushed by using liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method to extract RNA. The extraction effects of these two methods were compared based on detec- tion of RNA concentration, purity and integrity and amplification of GAPDH gene by RT-PCR. [Result] The concentration of RNA extracted by liquid nitrogen grinding method and low-temperature sectioning method was 1.21 and 3.57 p^g/~, respectively. Both RNA extracted by these two methods showed two distinct bands after agarose gel electrophoresis. The ratio of brightness of the 28S rRNA to the 18S rRNA bands was greater than 1. PCR amplification showed that the length of GAPDH gene was about 230 bp, which was consistent with the expected result. [ Conclusion ] The experimental results indicated that using low-tempera ture sectioning method to crush the roots of herba violae can meet the needs of most molecular biological experiments including gene cloning and expression analysis, which is an effective and simple method for extracting RNA from plant roots.

Seismic sentinel? An analysis of captive giant panda behavior in response to the Lushan earthquake in China

It is widely believed that various animal species can sense and respond to the geophysical stimuli that precede earthquakes,especially electromagnetic fields,although supporting field evidence is mostly anecdotal.Here we report on the reactions of four female giant pandas under observation over the three days prior to the Lushan(30.1°N,103.0°E)magnitude 7.0 earthquake that occurred in Sichuan province,China,on April 20,2013.We observed no significant generalized behavioral anomalies indicative of them perceiving an impending earthquake.We also observed no startle behaviors in the 5 s prior to tremors commencing,indicating that these pandas either did not detect or did not respond to precursor P-waves.Our findings suggest that although giant pandas have evolved in,and continue to occupy exclusively,a seismically active range in central China,they do not appear to perceive pre-earthquake geophysical warning signs.

Investigation of non-uniform leading-edge tubercles in compressor cascade:Based on multi-objective optimization and data mining

Corner stall receives noticeable attention in the aeroengine field as an important phenomenon in highly-load compressors.Non-uniform leading-edge tubercles,as an effective method to delay stall,are introduced into the compressor.In this paper,the shape of leading-edge tubercles was controlled by a third-order Fourier function.To judge corner stall,a more precise stall indicator for compressor cascade with flow control methods was defined.Besides,the total kinetic energy of the secondary flow at large incidence was adopted as a parameter for stall evaluation to save computing resources.The results of multiobjective optimization reveal that the loss coefficient exhibited negligible variation at design incidence,while the total kinetic energy of secondary flow showed a significant reduction at large incidence,resulting in a substantial increase in stall incidence.In the optimal profiling cases,the stall incidencewas delayed from 7.9°to 11.6°.The major purpose of the research is to provide proper design guidelines for nonuniformleading-edge tubercles and uncover the flow controlmechanisms of leading-edge profiling.Hence,the geometric features that meet different optimization objectives were extracted through geometric analysis near the Pareto Front and through Self-OrganizingMap(SOM)dataminingmethods in the optimization database.Besides,flow field analysis reveals the flow control mechanism of leading-edge tubercles.The convex-concave-convex structure at the 0%-70%blade height region can form two branches of leading-edge vortex pairs that are opposite in the rotation direction to the passage vortex.The two branches of leading-edge vortex pairs mixed with the leading-edge separation vortex to form two stronger mixed vortices,which can effectively suppress the development of passage vortex and delay stall incidence.

Ambient temperature correlates with geographic variation in body size of least horseshoe bats

Geographic variation in body size is common within many animal species.The causes of this pattern,however,remain largely unexplored in most vertebrate groups.Bats are widely distributed globally owing to their ability of powered flight.Most bat species encounter a variety of climatic conditions across their distribution range,making them an ideal taxon for the study of ecogeographic patterns in body size.Here,we used adult least horseshoe bats,Rhinolophus pusillus,to test whether geographic variation in body size was determined by heat conservation,heat dissipation,climatic seasonality,or primary productivity.We measured body mass and head-body length for 246 adult bats from 12 allopatric colonies in China.We quantified the ecological conditions inhabited by each colony,including mean maximum temperature of the warmest month,mean minimum temperature of the coldest month,temperature seasonality,precipitation seasonality,and annual net primary productivity(ANPP).Body mass and head-body length,2 of the most reliable indicators of body size,exhibited marked differences between colonies.After controlling for spatial autocorrelation,the mean minimum temperature of the coldest month explained most of the variation in body size among colonies,regardless of sex.The mean maximum temperature,climatic seasonality,and ANPP had limited power in predicting body size of males or females in comparison with mean minimum temperature.These results support the heat conservation hypothesis and suggest adaptive responses of body size to cold climates in cave-dwelling bats.

Social vocalizations of big-footed myotis(Myotis macrodactylus)during foraging

Acoustic signals play a crucial role in transmitting information and maintaining social stability in gregarious an­imals,especially in echolocating bats,which rely primarily on biological sonar for navigating in the dark.In the context of foraging without relying on tactile,visual or olfactory cues,acoustic signals convey information not only on food but also on ownership and defense of resources.However,studies on such information remain fragmentary.In the present study,we aim to document the social vocal repertoire of Myotis macrodactylus at natural foraging sites.Multiple acoustic analyses and spectrographic classification revealed a rich foraging vo­cal repertoire comprising 6 simple syllables and 2 composites.Discriminant function analyses associated with a subset-validation procedure provided an optimal method to spectrographically classify all recorded sounds into different syllable types.Multidimensional scaling of median values of multiple parameters further confirmed notable differences among these syllables in a 3-D space.In addition,Euclidean distance analysis showed that there were some spectral similarities between specific social vocal syllables and feeding buzzes,which implied a potential jamming role.Altogether,the data indicate that bats at foraging sites under natural conditions used variant social vocalizations with different functions in addition to echolocation calls,providing supporting evi­dence for further work on the function and vocal mechanisms of acoustic communication in mammals.

圆柱系统中石蜡/纳米银复合相变材料热特性分析

相变材料由于具有相变潜热,被应用于各领域的热管理。锂离子动力电池作为一种新能源,近年来广泛应用于电动汽车,相变冷却作为一种有效的被动冷却方式,能够有效减缓锂电池的热聚集。为将相变材料应用于减缓锂电池热失控,本工作建立了石蜡/纳米银复合相变材料(CPCM)的圆柱系统,使用相变模型及流体体积(VOF)模型研究了相变材料的融化过程,得到了初始时期空气/石蜡气液交界面的变化以及石蜡的液相分布,与实验结果具有很好的一致性。在此基础上分析了相变过程的吸热及储热情况。同时,针对不同质量分数的石蜡/纳米银复合相变材料进行模拟,结果表明,添加0.5wt%~2wt%的纳米银颗粒能够改善石蜡的导热性能,但潜热会有所降低。相变结束后,材料吸收的热量将转化为显热,底面传热减小,主要是通过壁面传热。另外分析了融化过程中液相的流动情况,相变材料液态层增厚,Nu数下降并趋于稳定,增加纳米银浓度也会降低Nu数。

The effects of pressure, temperature, and depth/diameter ratio on the microvia filling performance of Ag-coated Cu micro-nanoparticles for advanced electronic packaging

Conductive fillers made from metal nanoparticles offer many advan-tages for the fabrication of a variety of electronic devices,but when they have a porous structure,their poor conductivity limits their adoption in many applications.In this study,an Ag-coated Cu micro-nanoparticle paste is used to achieve compact filling of blind vias on flexible copper clad polyimide laminates through a multistep filling and sintering tech-nique.The filled blind vias achieve a resistivity as low as 6.2μΩ·cm,which is comparable that of electroplated blind vias.Higher sintering pressure and temperature promote the filling performance,while the conductivity deteriorates at a via depth/diameter ratio greater than 1:1.Finite element simulations reveal a stress inhomogeneity in vias with large depth/diameter ratios,which is the key to understanding the evolution of the conductive properties of a paste-filled via.This study provides an effective method for high-performance microvia filling as well as insights into the mechanism that influences its performance.

Deposition law of flat fan nozzle for pesticide application in horticultural plants

Pesticide spraying is to protect the plants with adequate target coverage and a minimum of off-target drift.Understanding the spatial distribution characteristics of spray droplets is essential for regulating pesticide deposition,in order to investigate the relationship between the two at the mechanistic level and provide an accurate basis for nozzle selection,this study compared the characteristics of the atomization field under different pressures,angles,and flow rate types by phase Doppler particle analyzer(PDPA),the unit spatial density of droplet was used as a link to explore the internal mechanism that affects the deposition efficiency by constructing a transport model and conducting actual spraying experiments.The results showed that the cumulative distribution of droplet diameter could be perfectly fitted by the Rosin-Rammler correlation,and the deposition efficiency had a strong correlation with the peak particle size range.For strawberry and chrysanthemum plants,the optimal droplet deposition particle size ranges were 250-270μm and 240-260μm,respectively.This article explained the deposition efficiency from a single droplet dynamics mechanism and deposition of droplet cloud,which provided a new research idea for the study of precision plant protection.