Enhancing the stability of Ni Fe-layered double hydroxide nanosheet array for alkaline seawater oxidation by Ce doping

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production from seawater holds enormous promise for clean energy generation.Nevertheless,the direct electrolysis of seawater encounters significant challenges due to poor anodic stability caused by detrimental chlorine chemistry.Herein,we present our recent discovery that the incorporation of Ce into Ni Fe layered double hydroxide nanosheet array on Ni foam(Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF)emerges as a robust electrocatalyst for seawater oxidation.During the seawater oxidation process,CeO_(2)is generated,effectively repelling Cl^(-)and inhibiting the formation of Cl O-,resulting in a notable enhancement in the oxidation activity and stability of alkaline seawater.The prepared Ce-Ni Fe LDH/NF requires only overpotential of 390 m V to achieve the current density of 1 A cm^(-2),while maintaining long-term stability for 500 h,outperforming the performance of Ni Fe LDH/NF(430 m V,150 h)by a significant margin.This study highlights the effectiveness of a Ce-doping strategy in augmenting the activity and stability of materials based on Ni Fe LDH in seawater electrolysis for oxygen evolution.

Effects of simulated carbon dioxide and helium peumoperitoneum on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells

AIM:To investigate the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) and helium insufflation administered at different pressures on the growth and apoptosis of cultured human gastric cancer cells. METHODS:The gastric cancer cells MKN-45 were exposed to a CO2 and helium environment maintained at different pressures (0, 5, 10 and 15 mmHg). The cells were exposed to simulated pneumoperitoneum environment for 4 h, and pH of the culture media was measured after it was moved to normal conditions for 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. Proliferation viability of MKN-45 was examined by 3-4,5Dimethylthiazol-2-yl,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide or triazolyl blue (MTT) assay after it was moved to normal conditions. Apoptotic ratio was measured by Annexin V-FITC/PI double labelled staining. RESULTS:The pH of media was acid and recovered to normal after 4 h in the CO2 group while it was basic in the helium group. There was no difference between CO2 groups (under 10 mmHg ) and control group (P > 0.05) in the proliferative viability of the cells. The cultured cells exposed to 15 mmHg CO2 environment grew more slowly than control group from 4 to 7 d (P < 0.01 ) while there was no difference from 1 to 3 d (P > 0.05). The proliferative viability in helium group was not obviously different from the control group (P > 0.05). The apoptotic ratio of the cultured cells was markedly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01) at 10 and 15 mmHg CO2 insufflation pressure. In helium group, the apoptotic ratio was not obviously different from the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION:There is no obvious effect in the proliferation and apoptosis of MKN-45 cells under 10 mmHg CO2 insufflation pressure and helium in any pressure. Fifteen mmHg CO2 insufflation pressure can inhibit the proliferation of the cells and improve apoptosis.

Lipid-albumin nanoassemblies co-loaded with borneol and paclitaxel for intracellular drug delivery to C6 glioma cells with P-gp inhibition and its tumor targeting

Successful chemotherapy with paclitaxel(PTX)is impeded by multidrug resistance(MDR)in tumor cells.In this study,lipid-albumin nanoassemblies co-loaded with borneol and paclitaxel(BOR/PTX LANs)were prepared to circumvent MDR in C6 glioma cells.The physiochemical properties including particle size,encapsulation efficiency and morphology were evaluated in vitro.Quantitative and qualitative investigations of cellular uptake were carried out in C6 glioma cells.The cytotoxicity of the BOR/PTX LANs was determined by MTT assay.After that,the tumor targeting was also evaluated in C6 glioma bearing mice by in vivo imaging analysis.BOR/PTX LANs have a higher entrapment efficiency(90.4±1.2%),small particle size(107.5±3.2 nm),narrow distribution(P.I.=0.171±0.02).The cellular uptake of PTX was significantly increased by BOR/PTX LANs compared with paclitaxel loaded lipidalbumin nanoassemblies(PTX LANs)in quantitative research.The result was further confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy qualitatively.The cellular uptake was energy-,timeand concentration-dependent,and clathrin-and endosome/lysosome-associated pathways were involved.The BOR/PTX LANs displayed a higher cytotoxicity agaist C6 glioma cells in comparion with PTX LANs and Taxol.Moreover,the encapsulation of BOR in LANs obviously increased the accumulation of the drug in tumor tissues,demonstrating the tumor targeted ability of BOR/PTX LANs.These results indicated that BOR/PTX LANs could overcome MDR by combination of drug delivery systems and P-gp inhibition,and shown the potential for treatment of gliomas.

Robotic-vs laparoscopic-assisted proctectomy for locally advanced rectal cancer based on propensity score matching: Short-term outcomes at a colorectal center in China

BACKGROUND Reports in the field of robotic surgery for rectal cancer are increasing year by year.However,most of these studies enroll patients at a relatively early stage and have small sample sizes.In fact,studies only on patients with locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)and with relatively large sample sizes are lacking.AIM To investigate whether the short-term outcomes differed between robotic-assisted proctectomy(RAP)and laparoscopic-assisted proctectomy(LAP)for LARC.METHODS The clinicopathological data of patients with LARC who underwent robotic-or laparoscopic-assisted radical surgery between January 2015 and October 2019 were collected retrospectively.To reduce patient selection bias,we used the clinical baseline characteristics of the two groups of patients as covariates for propensity-score matching(PSM)analysis.Short-term outcomes were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The clinical features were well matched in the PSM cohort.Compared with the LAP group,the RAP group had less intraoperative blood loss,lower volume of pelvic cavity drainage,less time to remove the pelvic drainage tube and urinary catheter,longer distal resection margin and lower rates of conversion(P<0.05).However,the time to recover bowel function,the harvested lymph nodes,the postoperative length of hospital stay,and the rate of unplanned readmission within 30 days postoperatively showed no difference between the two groups(P>0.05).The rates of total complications and all individual complications were similar between the RAP and LAP groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION This retrospective study indicated that RAP is a safe and feasible method for LARC with better short-term outcomes than LAP,but we have to admit that the clinically significant of part of indicators are relatively small in the practical situation.

Air-Processed Efficient Organic Solar Cells from Aromatic Hydrocarbon Solvent without Solvent Additive or Post-Treatment:Insights into Solvent Effect on Morphology

Most of the recent organic solar cells(OSCs)with top-of-the-line efficiencies are processed from organic solvents with a high vapor pressure such as CF in nitrogen-filled glovebox,which is not feasible for large-area manufacturing.Herein,we cast active layers with both aromatic hydrocarbon solvents and halogenated solvents without any solvent additive or post-treatment,as well as interlayers with water and methanol in air(35%relative humidity)for efficient OSCs,except cathode electrode's evaporation is in vacuum.Compared to the PM6:Y6 system that is processed from CF,the PM6:BTP-ClBr2 system demonstrates good efficiency of 16.28%processed from CB and the device based on PM6:BTP-4Cl achieves 16.33%using TMB as its solvent for the active layer.These are among the highest efficiencies for CB-and TMB-processed binary OSCs to date.The molecular packing and phase separation length scales of each combination depend strongly on the solvent,and the overall morphology is the result of the interplay between solvent evaporation(kinetics)and materials miscibility(thermodynamics).Different solvents are required to realize the optimal morphology due to the different miscibility between the donor and acceptor.Finally,17.36%efficiency was achieved by incorporating PC71BM for TMB-processed devices.Our result provides insights into the effect of processing solvent and shows the potential of realizing high-performance OSCs in conditions relevant for industrial fabrication.

Progress on diagnostic and prognostic markers of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease characterized by low survival and high recurrence rate,whose patients are mostly at the stage of locally advanced or metastatic disease when first diagnosed.Early diagnosis is particularly important because prognostic/predictive markers help guide optimal individualized treatment regimens.So far,CA19-9 is the only biomarker for pancreatic cancer approved by the FDA,but its effectiveness is limited by low sensitivity and specificity.With recent advances in genomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and other analytical and sequencing technologies,the rapid acquisition and screening of biomarkers is now possible.Liquid biopsy also occupies a significant place due to its unique advantages.In this review,we systematically describe and evaluate the available biomarkers that have the greatest potential as vital tools in diagnosing and treating pancreatic cancer.

Nuclear PLD1 combined with NPM1 induces gemcitabine resistance through tumorigenic IL7R in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Objective:Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is a highly malignant gastrointestinal cancer with a 5-year survival rate of only 9%.Of PDAC patients,15%-20%are eligible for radical surgery.Gemcitabine is an important chemotherapeutic agent for patients with PDAC;however,the efficacy of gemcitabine is limited due to resistance.Therefore,reducing gemcitabine resistance is essential for improving survival of patients with PDAC.Identifying the key target that determines gemcitabine resistance in PDAC and reversing gemcitabine resistance using target inhibitors in combination with gemcitabine are crucial steps in the quest to improve survival prognosis in patients with PDAC.Methods:We constructed a human genome-wide CRISPRa/dCas 9 overexpression library in PDAC cell lines to screen key targets of drug resistance based on sgRNA abundance and enrichment.Then,co-IP,ChIP,ChIP-seq,transcriptome sequencing,and qPCR were used to determine the specific mechanism by which phospholipase D1(PLD1)confers resistance to gemcitabine.Results:PLD1 combines with nucleophosmin 1(NPM1)and triggers NPM1 nuclear translocation,where NPM1 acts as a transcription factor to upregulate interleukin 7 receptor(IL7R)expression.Upon interleukin 7(IL-7)binding,IL7R activates the JAK1/STAT5 signaling pathway to increase the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein,BCL-2,and induce gemcitabine resistance.The PLD1 inhibitor,Vu0155069,targets PLD1 to induce apoptosis in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells.Conclusions:PLD1 is an enzyme that has a critical role in PDAC-associated gemcitabine resistance through a non-enzymatic interaction with NPM1,further promoting the downstream JAK1/STAT5/Bcl-2 pathway.Inhibiting any of the participants of this pathway can increase gemcitabine sensitivity.

进口参数对旋流器分离性能的影响（英文）

进口参数是影响水力旋流器分级性能的重要因素,研究两者之间的影响规律具有重要意义。基于计算流体力学方法,以各种进口直径和进口速度的组合为研究对象,考察了进口参数对于精确分级的影响效应。结果显示:高分级精度的实现需要组合特定的进口直径和进口速度。过大的进口直径和过快的进口速度会降低分级精度。当进口直径过大时,由于短路流的显著影响,粗颗粒底流回收效率下降严重。流场分析发现原因是溢流管区域流体流动混乱程度的增加以及压力梯度的增强。与此同时,进口速度过快会导致细颗粒受到较大的离心力,引起溢流分离效率的降低。

供体来源半成熟树突状细胞诱导大鼠肝移植术后免疫低反应的实验研究

目的研究供体来源半成熟树突状细胞(smDC)诱导大鼠肝移植术后免疫低反应的效果,初步分析其作用机制。方法该实验在成功完成大鼠树突状细胞(DC)培养和鉴定的基础上,进行大鼠肝移植术前输注供体来源DC、术后使用雷帕霉素灌胃,观察大鼠术后血清白细胞介素10(IL-10)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、CD4^+CD25^+Treg的变化,并评估急性免疫排斥病理改变。结果使用雷帕霉素后,可以改变血清细胞因子的分泌水平、促进Lewis→BN大鼠肝移植术后CD4^+CD25^+Treg的增殖,减轻术后免疫排斥反应,从而延长Lewis→BN大鼠肝移植术后生存时间。结合术前输注未成熟树突状细胞(imDC)或smDC,可以增强雷帕霉素的相应作用,进一步诱导大鼠肝移植术后免疫低反应,且smDC的作用强于imDC。结论 smDC可以诱导Lewis→BN大鼠肝移植术后免疫低反应。

3D numerical simulation and analysis of railgun gouging mechanism

A gouging phenomenon with a hypervelocity sliding electrical contact in railgun not only shortens the rail lifetime but also affects the interior ballistic performance. In this paper, a 3-D numerical model was introduced to simulate and analyze the generation mechanism and evolution of the rail gouging phenomenon. The results show that a rail surface bulge is an important factor to induce gouging. High density and high pressure material flow on the contact surface, obliquely extruded into the rail when accelerating the armature to a high velocity, can produce gouging. Both controlling the bulge size to a certain range and selecting suitable materials for rail surface coating will suppress the formation of gouging. The numerical simulation had a good agreement with experiments, which validated the computing model and methodology are reliable.

Using Tree Shrews (Tupaia belangeri)as a Novel Animal Model of Liver Transplantation

Liver transplantation (LT)is most effective and promising approach for end-stage liver disease.However,there remains room for further improvement and innovation,for example, to reduce ischemic reperfusion injury,transplant rejection and immune tolerance.A good animal model of LT is essential for such innovation in transplant research.Although rat LT model has been used since the last century,it has never been an ideal model because the results observed in rat may not be applied to human because these two species are genetically distinct from each other.In this study,we for the first time performed LT using the tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri),a species in the Order Scandentia which is closely related with primates,and evaluated the possibility to adopt this species as a new model of LT.We performed LT on 30 animals using the two-cuff technique, examining the success rate,the survival rate and the immunological reaction.The recipient operation time was 60 min averagely,and we limited the time of the anhepatic phase within 20 min.Twenty-seven (90%)of the animals survived for at least 3 days after the transplantation. Thirteen animals that did not receive any immunosuppressive drug died in 8 days mostly because of acute rejection effect (n=9),similar to the reaction in human but not in experimental rat.The rest 14 animals that were given rapamycin survived significantly longer (38 days)and half of them survived for 60 days until the end of the study.Our results suggest that performing LT in tree shrews can yield high success rate and high survival rate.More importantly,the tree shrews share similar immunological reaction with human.In addition,previous genomics study found that the tree shrews share more proteins with human.In sum,the tree shrews may outperform the experimental rats and could be used as a better and cost-effective animal model for LT.

Method of ballistic control and projectile rotation in a novel railgun

In order to realize the ballistic control of the railgun and the flight stability of the projectile, a new type of railgun is designed, which can control the muzzle velocity and rotation rate. The method of the muzzle velocity and overload control is to adjust the voltage or other parameters of pulse power supply. It would be easy to change velocity accurately in large wide. Another widespread concern problem is launching the spinning stability projectile by railgun. This paper designed a new structure of additional rails to generate an unsymmetrical magnetic field to produce rotational torque in armature. The structure is simple and can control the rotation rate by linear changing the barrel parameters. The calculation formulas of interior ballistic are derived by Biot-Safar law. The important parameter is the deflection angle of the additional rails relative to the symmetry plane of main rail. The larger the angle, the greater the rotation torque generated in the armature. To maintain the flight stability of the projectile, the barrel structural parameters should be proportional to the projectile structural parameters. When changing the muzzle velocity, the rotation rate will also be the equal proportion change. So that the gyro stability is the same. The experiment proves that the railgun designed in this paper can launch the projectile to rotate. And the rotational projectile may not cause the transition or much arcs. This method expands the application of the railgun.

Metal 2-Hydroxy-1-Naphthaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone (Me-HNT) Complexes-A New Kind of Biomimic Enzyme Catalyst

Metal (Me=Fe(III), Mo(VI), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II)) 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes (MeHNT) were synthesized and used as mimic-enzyme catalysts to mimic the active group of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The results showed that Fe-HNT, Mo-HNT are effective catalysts, which have similar catalytic activity as HRP. The sequence of catalytic activities of tested biomimic peroxidas is Mo-HNT > Fe-HNT > Zn-HNT > Ni-HNT > Mn-HNT. Among them, Fe-HNT is used as a mimic-enzyme catalyst in determination of ascorbic acid and glucose by coupling the catalytic reaction of glucose oxidase.

Advanced delivery strategies facilitating oral absorption of heparins

Heparins show great anticoagulant effect with few side effects,and are administered by subcutaneous or intravenous route in clinics.To improve patient compliance,oral administration is an alternative route.Nonetheless,oral administration of heparins still faces enormous challenges due to the multiple obstacles.This review briefly analyzes a series of barriers ranging from poorly physicochemical properties of heparins,to harsh biological barriers including gastrointestinal degradation and pre-systemic metabolism.Moreover,several approaches have been developed to overcome these obstacles,such as improving stability of heparins in the gastrointestinal tract,enhancing the intestinal epithelia permeability and facilitating lymphatic delivery of heparins.Overall,this review aims to provide insights concerning advanced delivery strategies facilitating oral absorption of heparins.

In-situ assembly of 2D/3D porous nickel cobalt sulfide solid solution as superior pre-catalysts to boost multi-functional electrocatalytic oxidation

In this work,we fabricated an efficient pre-catalyst based on(Ni,Co)S2solid solution with hierarchical architecture and high porosity to boost urea oxidation reaction and electrocatalytic oxidation of organic small molecules.The interaction between Ni and Co can optimize the electronic structure,resulting in the improved conductivity and accelerated charge transfer rate.The 2D/3D architecture can enrich more active species and endow the mass and electron transport to facilitate the surface oxidation and the following catalytic process.Post-structure and catalytic characterizations confirm the surface oxidation of(Ni,Co)S_(2)during the stability test,and the in-situ formed Co(Ni)based(oxy)hydroxides exhibit superior catalytic activity and facilitated charge transfer ability.As a result,the optimal(Ni,Co)S_(2)solid solution pre-catalyst displays facilitated catalytic behavior and good stability for multifunctional electrocatalytic oxidation,in which a high conversion of benzyl alcohol(97.50%),a good selectivity to benzoic acid(93.78%)and a satisfied faraday efficiency(91.86%)can be achieved.

Carbon dots-based fluorescence sensor for two-photon imaging of pH in diabetic mice

Herein,a reversible pH fluorescent sensor was developed using caffeic acid as the precursor by one-step solvothermal synthesis method.The carbon dots-based sensor(CA-CDs)exhibited pH-dependent increase in fluorescence intensity and showed linear relationship in the range of pH 6.60 and 8.00.Notably,the fluorescence sensor has a reversible response to pH change.Finally,the CA-CDs has been successfully applied for two-photon imaging of the pH in liver and kidney of diabetic mice.Imaging results showed that the pH value in kidney of diabetic mice was lower than that of the normal mice,while the pH value in liver of diabetic mice was almost the same as that of the normal mice.The present study provides a simple analytical method for pH detection suitable for in vivo.

On the Formability of Some Metastable Alloy Phases

Pattern recognition and neural network methods have been used to investigate the formability of metastable alloy phases, It has been found that some chemi cal bond parameters Such as valence electron number, electronegativity and metallic radii of cor-nponent elements are the dominating fac tors affecting metastable alloy phase formation. Some semi-empirical rules found in this way may be useful for the construction of expert system for materials design.

Research on momentum transfer in simple railgun

In this paper,the momentum conservation equation in the longitudinal direction for simple railgun was deduced.Then,a three-dimensional model was established and the finite element method was utilized to simulate the problem.Based on the simulation,some results such as the surface force on the electromagnetic field,the electromagnetic force on the conductor in the longitudinal direction were obtained.Besides,the surface force density on different longitudinal section of railgun was analyzed and discussed in details.The results showed that the momentum of the railgun system was conserved when the surface force of the electromagnetic field was contained.Moreover,large amount of longitudinal force was transmitted to the breech by the electromagnetic field in the form of surface force.The exact position and distribution of recoil were related to the current input device.

Neuroprotective effect of Eleutheroside B on 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells

Apoptosis and viability of PC12 cells following 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion （MPP＋）-induced injury were monitored by flow cytometry, following Annexin V-propidium iodide double labeling, and 3-（4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, respectively. The release of lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase activity and levels of malondialdehyde were determined by UV spectrophotometry. The changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and the intracellular concentration of calcium were determined by flow cytometry, and the activity of caspase-3 was monitored by western blot. According to cell viability and apoptosis studies, MPP＋-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells was inhibited in the presence of 10 tJg/mL of Eleutheroside B Our results indicate that the neuroprotective effect of Eleutheroside B, following MPP＋-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells, involves increasing the anti-oxidative stress capacity of cells, maintaining the high-energy state of mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing intracellular calcium concentration and inhibiting caspase-3 activity.

An optimization method for passive muzzle arc control devices in augmented railguns

In this paper,a passive muzzle arc control device(PMACD)of the augmented railguns is studied.By discussing its performance at different numbers of extra rails,a parameter optimization model is proposed.Through the calculation model,it is found that the PMACD works well in the simple railgun,which refers to the gun that there is only one pair of rails in the inner bore.The PMACD may decrease the simple railgun’s armature peak current and muzzle arc,but affect its muzzle velocity not much.However,in the augmented railguns it has different characteristics.If the parameters of the PMACD are not selected suitable.It may increase the armature peak current and muzzle arc,but greatly decrease the velocity.The reason for this problem is that the extra rails generate a strong magnetic field in front of the armature,which induces a large current to change the armature current.It is also found that when the resistance and inductance parameters of the PMACD satisfy with the optimization formula,the PMACD can also play a good role in arc suppression in the augmented railguns.Experiments of an augmented railgun with a stainless steel PMACD are carried out to verify this optimization method.Results show that the muzzle arc is obviously controlled.This work may provide a reference for the design of the muzzle arc control device.