A micro–macro constitutive model for rock considering breakage effects

The paper proposes a three-scale binary medium-based constitutive model on the basis of the meso structures and micro components to describe the elasto-plastic mechanical behavior of mudstone samples.Based on the breakage mechanism of geomaterials,mudstone samples are considered as two different materials(bonded and frictional elements)at mesoscales.From micro to meso scales,given the similar but different mineralogy composition and porosity of the bonded and frictional elements at microscale,as well as their separate mechanical characteristics,different homogenization methods are adopted to obtain their respective meso mechanical properties.At the mesoscale,in view of the unique meso structures and the continuous material transformation,the extended self-consistent scheme(SCS)is improved to be adaptable to elasto-plastic composites with varying meso components.With the consideration of the evolution form of the breakage ratio under the external loading being given based on the assumed strength distribution of the meso bonded elements,the mechanical relations between meso and macro scales are established.Finally,on the basis of the mean-field method and combined with the critical mechanical connections between different scales,the micro-meso-macro constitutive model for mudstone samples are proposed.The model validation shows that,with a few model parameters,the proposed model can well reflect the stress and deformation features of mudstone samples with complex micro-components.

全胸腔镜心脏手术在老年患者中的临床应用

目的总结全胸腔镜心脏手术在>60岁心脏疾病患者中的临床应用经验,并评价其安全性和疗效。方法选取2014年12月-2016年7月于该院接受了全胸腔镜心脏手术治疗>60岁心脏疾病患者14例。患者采用全身麻醉双腔气管插管,右侧股动、静脉+上腔静脉插管建立体外循环,右侧胸壁第3~5肋间隙分别戳孔1个,全胸腔镜下完成房间隔缺损修补术、左心房黏液瘤切除术、三尖瓣成形术、二尖瓣成形或置换术、单极射频消融术及左心耳内口缝闭术等手术操作。结果全组无中转前正中开胸,无死亡,均痊愈出院。患者体外循环时间为(130.71±34.32)min,主动脉阻断时间为(69.14±36.08)min,手术时间为(252.50±80.14)min,术后呼吸机辅助时间为(8.93±5.40)h,术后ICU停留时间为(24.93±16.08)h,术后住院时间为(9.93±3.03)d。术中失血量为(160.71±84.10)ml,术后24 h胸腔引流量为(108.57±55.59)ml,胸腔引流管留置时间为(2.65±1.47)d,平均输血量为(375.00±183.71)ml。出院前复查心脏彩超未见异常。患者随访(10.21±7.63)个月,无死亡,心功能恢复至Ⅰ、Ⅱ级,较术前改善(P<0.05);心脏彩超提示左心房内径和左心室舒张末期内径比术前缩小(P<0.05)。结论在>60岁心脏疾病患者中采用右侧股动、静脉+上腔静脉插管建立体外循环,右侧胸壁戳孔,全胸腔镜下完成心脏手术操作,创伤小,出血和输血少,并发症少,术后恢复快,安全可靠,效果确切。

2020年度国家自然科学基金临床肿瘤学科申请与资助项目分析和思考

随着基于四类科学问题属性的分类评审的实施,国家自然科学基金委员会医学科学部临床肿瘤学科申请与资助项目也呈现出新的特点与趋势。本文总结了2020年度国家自然科学基金临床肿瘤学科面上项目、青年科学基金项目、地区科学基金项目的申请与资助概况,并按照四类科学问题属性、肿瘤靶器官类型、不同研究方向、2021年度启用的新学科代码体系,对2020年度临床肿瘤学科申请与资助的面上项目进行深入分析。同时,也结合肿瘤学研究发展的最新进展,探讨了2020年度临床肿瘤学科申请与资助项目的一些新特点。

开放手术与腹腔镜下手术治疗新生儿嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝的临床疗效比较

目的比较开放与腹腔镜下腹股沟斜疝疝囊高位结扎术治疗新生儿嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝的临床疗效。方法2014年3月-2018年9月该院共收治28例腹股沟斜疝嵌顿新生儿,其中13例行开放手术(开放组),15例行腹腔镜手术(腹腔镜组)。对两组患儿的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、术后住院时间、总住院费用及术后并发症进行对比分析。结果腹腔镜组术中发现对侧隐匿性疝6例,3例行对侧鞘状突高位结扎术,腹腔镜组手术时间(16.00±4.68)min,开放组(34.54±5.30)min,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=15.14,P<0.05);腹腔镜组切口长度、术中出血量、术后住院时间、总住院费用优于开放组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在手术并发症方面,开放组出现1例伤口感染(7.69%),5例阴囊红肿(38.46%),3例阴囊血肿(23.08%),1例隐睾(7.69%)。腹腔镜组出现1例阴囊红肿(6.67%),两组并发症总发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访2~56个月,两组均无复发及异时疝发生。结论腹腔镜手术治疗新生儿腹股沟斜疝嵌顿,操作简便、疗效确切,与开放性手术相比,具有创伤小、手术时间短、切口美观、术后阴囊肿胀发生率低、住院时间短和总住院费用低等优点,术后恢复快,是安全、有效、可行的方法,值得临床推广应用。随着儿童的生长发育,鞘状突开口比较小或者鞘状突有腹膜遮挡的隐匿性疝有自愈的可能,这部分患者可以考虑观察。

CVD样品台旋转对沉积金刚石涂层的影响

以CH 3 COCH 3和H 2为反应气源,利用热丝化学气相沉积(HFCVD)方法,通过改变样品台的旋转频率在YG6硬质合金(WC-6wt%Co)基体上沉积金刚石涂层。利用X射线衍射分析YG6硬质合金表面沉积金刚石涂层物相,通过扫描电子显微镜和压痕试验机分析金刚石涂层的表面形貌、沉积厚度和膜基结合性能,考察了样品台旋转频率对沉积金刚石涂层结构与性能的影响,以确定最佳的样品台旋转频率。结果表明,在固定沉积工艺参数条件下,当样品台的旋转频率为2次/h时,在YG6硬质合金基体上沉积的金刚石涂层具有较优的晶粒和更均匀致密的聚晶结构以及更高的膜-基结合力。

Quality of life and psychological outcome of donors after living donor liver transplantation

AIM: To investigate the health related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological outcome of donors after living donor liver transplantation. METHODS: Participants were 92 consecutive liver transplant donors who underwent hepatectomy with- out middle hepatic vein at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2007 and Sep- tember 2010. HRQoL was measured using the Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36), and psychological symptoms were measured using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Data collected from donors were compared to previ- ously published data from the general population. Clin- ical and demographic data were collected from medical records and questionnaires.RESULTS: The general health score of the SF-36 was significantly lower in females (59.78 ± 12.25) than in males (75.83 ± 22.09). Donors more than 40 years old scored higher in social functioning (85.71 ± 14.59) and mental health (82.61 ± 20.00) than those younger than 40 (75.00 ± 12.13, 68.89 ± 12.98; social func- tioning and mental health, respectively). Donors who had surgery more than two years prior to the study scored highest in physical functioning (P = 0.001) and bodily pain (P = 0.042) while those less than one year from surgery scored lowest. The health of the liver recipient significantly influenced the general health (P = 0.042), social functioning (P = 0.010), and role- emotional (P = 0.028) of donors. Donors with full-time employment scored highest in role-physical (P = 0.005), vitality (P = 0.001), social functioning (P = 0.016), mental health (P < 0.001), the physical component summary scale (P < 0.001), and the mental compo- nent summary scale (MCS) (P < 0.001). Psychological measures indicated that donors were healthier than the general population in obsessive-compulsive behav- ior, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, and para- noid ideation. The MCS of the SF-36 was significantly correlated with most symptom scores of the SCL-90-R. CONCLUSION: HRQoL and psychological outcome were favorable in living liver transplant donors after donation. Specifically, gender, age, time since opera- tion, recipient health condition, and employment after donation, influenced postoperative quality of life.

Climate change trend and causes of tropical cyclones affecting the South China Sea during the past 50 years

Tropical cyclones(TCs)in the South China Sea(SCS)cause serious disasters and loss every year to the coastal and inland areas of southern China.The types of TCs are usually difficult to forecast,and studies on the understanding of the TCs affecting the SCS are lacking.In this study,the authors use the TC data during 1965–2017 from two best-track datasets to analyse the climatic characteristics in terms of the frequency,the track activity,and the influencing indexes of the TCs affecting the SCS and investigate the possible causes.The results show that,during 1965–2017,there were 535 TCs affecting the SCS,mainly occurring from June to November of each year,with the annual average frequency exhibiting a significant downward trend.Meanwhile,the frequency of the track activity in most areas of the SCS also demonstrate a remarkable decreasing trend but an increase in the Gulf of Tonkin and the Taiwan Strait.The large-scale environmental anomalous westerlies and the decrease of humidity in the mid-and low-level over the northern part of the SCS are likely the main causes for the decrease in frequency and the track activity.In addition,the analysis using the cyclone activity index shows that the influence of the before mentioned TCs in southern China gradually decreases,while the influence of TCs in the SCS show a decreasing trend during past decades.

Direct Digital Frequency Control Based on the Phase Step Change Characteristic between Signals

We present a new digital phase lock technology to achieve the frequency control and transformation through high precision multi-cycle group synchronization between signals without the frequency transformation circuit. In the case of digital sampling, the passing zero point of the phase of the controlled signal has the phase step characteristic, the phase step of the passing zero point is monotonic continuous with high resolution in the phase lock process, and using the border effect of digital fuzzy area, the gate can synchronize with the two signals, the quantization error is reduced. This technique is quite different from the existing methods of frequency transformation and frequency synthesis, the phase change characteristic between the periodic signals with different nominal is used. The phase change has the periodic phenomenon, and it has the high resolution step value. With the application of the physical law, the noise is reduced because of simplifying frequency transformation circuits, and the phase is locked with high precision. The regular phase change between frequency signals is only used for frequency measurement, and the change has evident randomness, but this randomness is greatly reduced in frequency control, and the certainty of the process result is clear. The experiment shows that the short term frequency stability can reach 10-12/s orders of magnitude.

Novel Strategies for Redirecting NK Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy

Natural killer(NK)cells act as a first line of defense in innate immune system against new malignant transformed cells without prior exposure to tumor antigens.The activity of NK cells is tightly controlled by a balance between inhibitory receptors and activating receptors,and when activation signals outweigh inhibitory signals,NK cells can mediate a response to eliminate the targeted cells.As a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune responses to enhance destruction of tumors,NK cells kill their tumor targets through a variety of mechanisms,including receptor-mediated cytotoxicity,antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity(ADCC),death receptor Fas/FasL signaling pathway-mediated cancer apoptosis.However,the efficacy of using NK cells for tumor immunotherapy has been limited by a lack of antigen specificity.To overcome this limitation,Vallera and colleagues developed a bispecific killer cell engager(BiKE),which is comprised of a first ScFv that recognizes a tumor antigen and a second ScFv against CD16(expressed on NK cells)to trigger ADCC.To overcome the poor expansion of NK cells in vivo,a novel trispecific killer cell engager(TriKE)was evolved from the BiKE by the same team.In this molecule,IL-15 was integrated to promote NK cell expansion,thereby eliciting superior NK cytotoxicity and NK cell persistence in vivo compared to BiKE.In order to simultaneously target drug-refractory cancer stem cells(CSC)and cancer cells,a novel tetraspecific killer engager(TetraKE)comprising anti-CD133,EpCAM,CD16 ScFvs and a sustaining IL-15 signal cross-linker was recently developed.Compared to BiKE or TriKE,TetraKE1615EpCAM133 was highly specific against EpCAM-and CD133-bearing cells,leading to enhanced NK cell proliferation,prolonged survival and a limited cytokine response.This TetraKE represents a promising new modality for immunotherapy.

再生剂对回收沥青混合料性能的影响研究

再生剂的渗透能力对回收热拌沥青混合料再生效果影响很大。目前对再生剂改善旧胶结料性质及如何提高其再生混合料质量的研究相对较少。为了研究再生剂的渗透性能,以RAP(再生沥青混合料)试样AC-16C型级配和AC-13型级配为试验组,按7%~9%的比例掺入再生剂,经过二次老化后,先后采用低温小梁弯曲试验、冻融劈裂试验方法,通过弯拉强度、弯拉应变、劲度模量数据分析,判断再生剂类型、掺量控制及其对再生混合料性能的影响。试验结果表明:再生剂作用下,再生剂7%~9%掺量对再生沥青混合料性能改善较大,30%的RAP掺配率时渗透性最佳,此RAP路面再次老化后抵抗长期水损破坏有一定的改善作用。

Effect of Psychological Intervention on Emotion of Patients with Tumor Radiotherapy

Objective:To explore the emotional impact of psychological nursing intervention on patients with malignant tumor radiotherapy,and further verify the specific application value of this nursing model in the oncology department.Methods:A total of 129 patients with tumor radiotherapy admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to June 2021 were selected as subjects,and they were divided into control group and observation group by random number method.Among them,64 cases in the control group received routine clinical nursing.65 cases in the observation group received psychological nursing intervention.Then,the clinical nursing effect,self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)score,self-rating depression scale(SDS)score,immune function level change condition and clinical nursing satisfaction were compared under the two nursing modes,in order to fully verify the clinical application value of psychological nursing intervention mode for patients with cancer radiotherapy.Results:Comparing the clinical indexes of the two groups,SDS and SAS scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group.In terms of nursing satisfaction,the observation group is 96.92%and the control group is 90.62%,the difference was significant,and had clinical statistical significance(P<0.05);After the comprehensive evaluation of the immune function of the two groups,it was found that the observation group was significantly better than the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the mode of psychological nursing,medical staff can carry out precise psychological nursing intervention and nutritional nursing for patients according to the specific conditions and treatment process of patients,which can greatly promote the psychological stability of patients,significantly reduce patients5 negative emotions.In addition,the scientific implementation of psychological nursing intervention in the treatment of tumor radiotherapy patients can effectively strengthen the improvement of the immune function of patients,which has a very important application value to improve the physical function of patients,promotes the patienfs body rehabilitation,and is worth in the field of widespread application.

大孔树脂对镍钴萃取废水中有机物的吸附性能

镍钴溶剂萃取废水属于含高盐、高有机物废水,有机物不仅造成化学需氧量(COD)超标、还会引起蒸发结晶过程起泡、结晶困难和产生废盐等问题,严重制约废水近零排放。本研究通过对比四种典型大孔树脂的微观结构以及对镍钴溶剂萃取废水中有机物的吸附性能,探究了大孔树脂的结构与吸附性能之间的关系。研究发现,具有合理孔径分布和较大比表面积的ORZ-A2型树脂的吸附容量最优,单级静态吸附总有机碳(TOC)去除率为70.79%,总磷(TP)去除率为83.11%。通过GC-MS表征吸附前后镍钴溶剂萃取废水中的有机物组成,发现废水中有机物成分主要是以2-乙基己酸为代表的有机磷萃取剂及其水解产物和衍生物。四种大孔树脂对有机磷酸萃取剂和2-乙基己酸吸附效果较好,但吸附出水中有机物主要为戊酸,以戊酸为代表的水溶性小分子有机物可能是影响TOC去除效果进一步提升的关键。通过吸附动力学分析表明,大孔树脂对有机物的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型。热力学参数的计算结果表明树脂对有机物的吸附是自发的、放热的物理吸附过程。本工作为指导大孔树脂吸附镍钴溶剂萃取废水中有机物技术的工业化应用提供了理论依据。

新型冠状病毒流行前后儿童肺炎支原体和常见急性呼吸道病毒谱变化趋势研究

目的探讨新型冠状病毒(COVID-19)流行前后儿童肺炎支原体(MP)和常见急性呼吸道感染(ARTI)病毒谱的变化趋势,为制定儿童ARTI预防策略提供实验室数据支撑。方法收集2017年至2022年间广州医科大学附属第一医院的儿童ARTI病例,分析患儿的MP和常见急性呼吸道病毒检测结果以及患者的临床数据。结果共纳入患儿15485例。<1岁为婴儿组(3213例,20.8%),1~5岁为学龄前期组(9186例,59.3%),6~14岁为学龄期组(3086例,19.9%)。腺病毒(ADV)、乙型流感病毒(IVB)和MP在疫情后阳性率大幅降低(P<0.05),疫情前阳性率最高的病毒是ADV(18.5%),其次是MP(16.1%)、甲型流感病毒(IVA)(15.3%),三者两两比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。疫情后阳性率最高的病毒是IVA(16.1%),其次是呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)(12.9%),两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。除了MP性别间的阳性率差异有统计学意义(女性患儿阳性率高于男性患儿阳性率,P<0.05),其余病毒性别间阳性率差异无统计学意义。按年龄分组,疫情前ADV阳性率最高的为学龄前期组(21.6%),其次是学龄期组(13.6%),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但疫情后学龄前期组(6.7%)与学龄期组(3.9%)的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RSV无论在疫情前后,阳性率最高的均为婴儿组(疫情前21.0%,疫情后24.3%)。IVA无论疫情前后,阳性率最高的均为学龄期组(疫情前23.0%,疫情后30.5%)。IVB在疫情前阳性率最高的为学龄期组(8.4%,P<0.05),疫情后各年龄分组的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。MP无论在疫情前后,阳性率最高的均为学龄期组(疫情前32.4%,疫情后7.3%;P<0.05);疫情前ADV、IVB常在春、夏季流行,疫情后出现散发状态,无明显流行季节。IVA疫情前常在冬季高发,而疫情后除了冬季,也出现了夏季流行的特征。结论COVID-19后儿童ARTI常见于学龄期儿童,RSV则以婴儿最为常见,女童为MP易感人群。ADV、IVB、MP在疫情后阳性率大幅降低,RSV和IVA是疫情后较为常见的儿童ARTI病毒。ADV、IVB在疫情后出现散发状态,无明显流行季节,而IVA则出现了多季节流行的特征。

Beta-elemene inhibits the growth of KDM6A-null bladder cancer cells by suppressing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Background:Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent and lethal malignant tumor characterized by frequent mutations/deletions of lysine-specific demethylase 6A(KDM6A),which is suggested to be a key event in cancer progression and metastasis.Beta-elemene has been shown to inhibit metastasis and growth of various tumors,but its effect on KDM6A-null bladder cancer cells remains unknown.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the potential and molecular mechanism ofβ-elemene in inhibiting the growth of KDM6A-null bladder cancer.Methods:This study examined the migration ability and viability of RT-4(KDM6A wild-type)and KU19-19(KDM6A-null)cell lines using wound healing assay and CCK-8,respectively.The inhibitory effect ofβ-elemene on KU19-19 cell migration was evaluated using transwell and immunofluorescence assays,and the expression of transfer-related proteins and genes was analyzed through western blot and qRT-PCR,respectively.Molecular docking was performed to predict the targeting ofβ-elemene,and the effects were confirmed in KDM6Aknockdown RT-4 cells.Finally,the therapeutic effect ofβ-elemene on bladder cancer was tested in animal models.Results:The study observed that loss of KDM6A increased bladder cancer cell migration,with KU19-19 exhibiting significantly stronger migration than RT-4.Further investigation revealed thatβ-elemene effectively inhibited KU19-19 cell migration,likely through targeting EZH2 as determined by molecular docking.Overexpression of KDM6A inhibited KU19-19 metastasis,while knockdown of KDM6A in RT-4 cells enhanced cell migration,which was reversed byβ-elemene treatment.Notably,in vivo testing revealed a significant suppression of KU19-19 cell growth withβ-elemene administered at a dosage of 100 mg/kg.Conclusion:β-elemene has the potential to suppress the growth of KDM6A-null bladder cancer by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),which could make it a promising therapeutic option for patients with KDM6A-null bladder cancer.

A novel structural variant of RET causes familial Hirschsprung's disease via nonsense-mediated mRNA decay

Hirschsprung's disease(HsCR)is the most common type of developmental gastrointestinal malformation causing intestinal obstruction in children,with an incidence of 1/5000 in live births.1 it is characterized by the absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the distal gastrointestinal tract,leading to the dysregulation of smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and resulting in intestinal obstruction.Depending on the length of the aganglionic intestine,HSCR can be categorized into short-segmental HSCR(S-HSCR),which affects up to the sigmoid colon from the anus,and long-segmental HSCR(LHSCR),which affects beyond the sigmoid colon.1 In some rare conditions,aganglionic lesions can affect the full length of the colon or even the whole intestine.

Emerging role of metabolic reprogramming in tumor immune evasion and immunotherapy

Mounting evidence has revealed that the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapies is restricted to a small portion of cancer patients.A deeper understanding of how metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment(TME)regulates immunity remains a major challenge to tumor eradication.It has been suggested that metabolic reprogramming in the TME may affect metabolism in immune cells and subsequently suppress immune function.Tumor cells compete with infiltrating immune cells for nutrients and metabolites.Notably,the immunosuppressive TME is characterized by catabolic and anabolic processes that are critical for immune cell function,and elevated inhibitory signals may favor cancer immune evasion.The major energy sources that supply different immune cell subtypes also undergo reprogramming.We herein summarize the metabolic remodeling in tumor cells and different immune cell subtypes and the latest advances underlying the use of metabolic checkpoints in antitumor immunotherapies.In this context,targeting both tumor and immune cell metabolic reprogramming may enhance therapeutic efficacy.

Living Crystallization-Driven Self-Assembly of Oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)-Containing Block Copolymers:Impact of Branched Structure of Alkyl Side Chain ofπ-Conjugated Segment

The structure of side chains ofπ-conjugated segments is a critical factor determining living crystallization-driven self-assembly(CDSA),a versatile platform to generate fiber-like nanostructures with precise length and composition.Herein,we design and synthesize three block copolymers(BCPs)containing same corona-forming poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)(PNIPAM)segment,but different core-formingπ-conjugated oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)(OPV)with linear pentyl(l-OPV),racemic 2-methyl butyl(r-OPV)and stereo-regular chiral(S)-2-methyl butyl(c-OPV)side chains,respectively.By using these BCPs of l-OPV-b-PNIPAM_(47),r-OPV-b-PNIPAM_(47)and c-OPV-b-PNIPAM_(47)as model,we aim to get a deep insight into how steric and stereo-regular effect induced by branched alkyl side chains of OPV segment affects the living CDSA.The results showed that l-OPV-b-PNIPAM_(47)exhibits typical characteristics of self-seeding and seeded growth of living CDSA to give uniform fiber-like micelles of controlled length.On the contrary,r-OPV-b-PNIPAM_(47)and c-OPV-b-PNIPAM_(47)with branched racemic and stereo-regular chiral alkyl side chains are more prone to self-nucleation during the micellar elongation to give short and polydisperse fiber-like micelles.The obvious selfnucleation during the micellar elongation of r-OPV-b-PNIPAM_(47)and c-OPV-b-PNIPAM_(47)is due to the increase of steric repulsion with OPV units induced by branched alkyl side chains,not the stereo-irregular effect of racemic alkyl side chains.

miR-181b-5p/SOCS2/JAK2/STAT5 axis facilitates the metastasis of hepatoblastoma

Introduction:Hepatoblastoma(HB)is a malignant liver tumor predominantly found in children and tumor metastasis is one of the main causes of poor prognosis in affected patients.The precise molecular mechanisms responsible for HB metastasis remain incom-pletely understood.However,there is evidence suggesting a connection between the dysregulation of microRNAs(miRNAs)and the progression of tumor metastasis in HB.Methods:The study utilized weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA)to analyze a miRNA microarray dataset of HB.The expression of miR-181b-5p in HB tissues and cells was detected using quantitative real-time PCR.The impact of miR-181b-5p on the metastatic capacity of HB was evaluated through scratch and Transwell assays.The effects of exogenously expressing miR-181b on the metastatic phenotypes of HB cells were evaluated in vivo.Furthermore,a luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate a potential target of miR-181b-5p in HB.Results:We found that miR-181b-5p was highly expressed in HB tissues and HB cell lines.Overexpression of miR-181b enhanced scratch healing,cell migration,and invasion abilities in vitro,as well as enhancing HB lung metastasis potential in vivo.Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that Suppressor Of Cytokine Signaling 2(SOCS2)was a direct target of miR-181b.The overexpression of miR-181b resulted in the suppression of SOCS2 expression,subsequently activating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathways.The rescue experiment showed that SOCS2 overexpression attenuated the effects of miR-181b on HB cells.Conclusion:Our study showed that miR-181b promotes HB metastasis by targeting SOCS2 and may be a potential therapeutic target for HB.

GABAergic Abnormalities Associated with Sensorimotor Corticostriatal Community Structural Deficits in ErbB4 Knockout Mice and First-Episode Treatment-Naive Patients with Schizophrenia

The current study was designed to explore how disruption of specific molecular circuits in the cerebral cortex may cause sensorimotor cortico-striatal community structure deficits in both a mouse model and patients with schizophrenia.We used prepulse inhibition(PPI)and brain structural and diffusion MRI scans in 23 mice with conditional ErbB4 knockout in parvalbumin interneurons and 27 matched controls.Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assess the differential levels of GABA-related transcripts in brain regions.Concurrently,we measured structural and diffusion MRI and the cumulative contribution of risk alleles in the GABA pathway genes in firstepisode treatment-naı¨ve schizophrenic patients(n=117)and in age-and sex-matched healthy controls(n=86).We present the first evidence of gray and white matter impairment of right sensorimotor cortico-striatal networks and reproduced the sensorimotor gating deficit in a mouse model of schizophrenia.Significant correlations between gray matter volumes(GMVs)in the somatosensory cortex and PPI as well as glutamate decarboxylase 1 mRNA expression were found in controls but not in knockout mice.Furthermore,these findings were confirmed in a human sample in which we found significantly decreased gray and white matter in sensorimotor cortico-striatal networks in schizophrenic patients.The psychiatric risk alleles of the GABA pathway also displayed a significant negative correlation with the GMVs of the somatosensory cortex in patients.Our study identified that ErbB4 ablation in parvalbumin interneurons induced GABAergic dysregulation,providing valuable mechanistic insights into the sensorimotor cortico-striatal community structure deficits associated with schizophrenia.

Trend analysis of cancer incidence and mortality in China

The National Central Cancer Registry of China （NCCRC） up- dated their nationwide statistics of cancer incidence and mor- tality in China according to 2013 population-based cancer registration data （due to the time required for data collection, quality control and analysis, the latest cancer statistics avail- able in China have a 3-year lag behind the current year）.