To date,development of high-performance,stretchable gas sensors operating at and below room temperature(RT)remains a challenge in terms of traditional sensing materials.Herein,we report on a high-performance NO_(2) ga...To date,development of high-performance,stretchable gas sensors operating at and below room temperature(RT)remains a challenge in terms of traditional sensing materials.Herein,we report on a high-performance NO_(2) gas sensor based on a self-healable,recyclable,ultrastretchable,and stable polyvinyl alcohol–cellulose nanofibril double-network organohydrogel,which features ultrahigh sensitivity(372%/ppm),low limit of detection(2.23 ppb),relatively fast response and recovery time(41/144 s for 250 ppb NO_(2)),good selectivity against interfering gases(NH3,CO_(2),ethanol,and acetone),excellent reversibility,repeatability,and long-term stability at RT or even at−20°C.In particular,this sensor shows outstanding stability against large deformations and mechanical damages so that it works normally after rapid self-healing or remolding after undergoing mechanical damage without significant performance degradation,which has major advantages compared to state-of-the-art gas sensors.The high NO_(2) sensitivity and selectivity are attributed to the selective redox reactions at the threephase interface of gas,gel,and electrode,which is even boosted by applying tensile strain.With a specific electrical circuit design,a wireless NO_(2) alarm system based on this sensor is created to enable continuous,real-time,and wireless NO_(2) detection to avoid the risk of exposure to NO_(2) higher than threshold concentrations.展开更多
Stretchable transparent electrode(STE)plays a key role in numerous emerging applications as an indispensable component for future stretchable devices.The embedded STE,as a promising candidate,possesses balanced perfor...Stretchable transparent electrode(STE)plays a key role in numerous emerging applications as an indispensable component for future stretchable devices.The embedded STE,as a promising candidate,possesses balanced performances and facile preparation procedures.However,it still suffers from the defects of conductive materials caused by the transferring,which results in the irreversible failure of devices.In this work,a patternable silver nanowire(AgNW)STE was fabricated by a plasma-enhanced cryo-transferring(PEC-transferring)process.Owing to the plasma-induced sintering,the AgNW network obtained remarkable improvement in robustness,which ensured the intact network after transferring and thus led to superior tensile electrical properties of the STE.Furthermore,serpentine patterns were utilized to optimize the tensile electrical properties of the STE,which achieved a figure of merit of 292.8 and 150%resistance changing under 50%strain.As a practical application,a 4×3 array of the mutual-capacitive type stretchable touch sensors was demonstrated for future touch sensors in stretchable devices.The PEC-transferring process opened a new avenue for patternable embedded STEs and exhibited its high potential in wearable electronics and the Internet of Thing devices.展开更多
The electronic paper(E-paper)displays features such as flexibility,sunlight visibility,and low power consumption,which makes it ideal for Internet of Things(IoT)applications where the goal is to eliminate bulky power ...The electronic paper(E-paper)displays features such as flexibility,sunlight visibility,and low power consumption,which makes it ideal for Internet of Things(IoT)applications where the goal is to eliminate bulky power modules.Here,we report a unique self-powered E-paper(SPEP),where information inputs and energy supplies are all converted from mechanical motion by a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG).The operation of an electrophoretic E-paper is first investigated,identifying the current density as a determinative parameter for driving pigment particle motion and color change.Electrical and optical responses of the E-paper driven by a slidingmode TENG are then found to be consistent with that under a current source mode.All-in-one monochromic and chromatic SPEPs integrated with a flexible transparent TENG are finally demonstrated,and a pixelated SPEP is discussed for future research.The sliding-driven mechanism of SPEP allows for a potential handwriting function,is free of an extra power supply,and promises undoubtedly a wide range of future applications.展开更多
Silver nanowire(AgNW)based transparent electrode(TE)plays a pivotal role in optoelectronics where TE is generally required to have fine pattern and high performance.Despite the rapid technological advances in either w...Silver nanowire(AgNW)based transparent electrode(TE)plays a pivotal role in optoelectronics where TE is generally required to have fine pattern and high performance.Despite the rapid technological advances in either welding or patterning of AgNWs,there are few studies that combine the two processes in a simple and practical manner.Here,aiming to fabricate high-performance patterned AgNW TE,we develop a simplified photolithography that enables both plasmonic nanowelding with low-level UV exposure(20 mW/cm^(2))and high-resolution micropatterning without photoresist and etching process by conjugating AgNW with diphenyliodonium nitrate(DPIN)and UV-curable cellulose.The cellulose as a binder can effectively enhance plasmonic heating,adhesion,and stability,while the photosensitive DPIN,capable of modulating surface atom diffusion,can boost the plasmonic welding at AgNW junction and induce patterning in AgNW network with Plateau-Rayleigh instability.The fabricated AgNW TE has high figure of merit of up to 1,000(3.7Ω/sq at 90%transmittance)and minimal pattern size down to 3µm,along with superior robustness.Finally,a flexible smart window with high performance is demonstrated using the patterned and welded AgNW TEs,verifying the applicability of the simplified photolithography technique to optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Flexible and wearable sensors have broad application prospects in health monitoring and artificial intelligence.Many different single-functional sensing devices have been developed in recent years,such as pressure sen...Flexible and wearable sensors have broad application prospects in health monitoring and artificial intelligence.Many different single-functional sensing devices have been developed in recent years,such as pressure sensors and temperature sensors.However,it is still a great challenge to design and fabricate tactile sensors with multiple sensing functions.Herein,we propose a simple direct stamping method for the fabrication of multifunctional tactile sensors.It can detect pressure and temperature stimuli signals simultaneously.This pressure/temperature sensor possesses high sensitivity(0.67 kPa^(-1)),large linear range(0.75-5 kPa),and fast response speed(15.6 ms)in pressure sensing.It also has a high temperature sensitivity(1.41%/℃)and great linearity(0.99)for temperature sensing in the range of-30 to 30℃.All these excellent performances indicate that this pressure/temperature sensor has great potential in applications for artificial intelligence and health monitoring.展开更多
Patterned silver nanowire(AgNW)networks have been widely used as transparent electrodes in many optoelectrical devices.However,obvious patterning visibility and poor thermostability of AgNW are still limiting its prac...Patterned silver nanowire(AgNW)networks have been widely used as transparent electrodes in many optoelectrical devices.However,obvious patterning visibility and poor thermostability of AgNW are still limiting its practical application.Herein,we report self-assembled monolayer(SAM)modulated Plateau-Rayleigh instability(PRI)of AgNW,which allows invisible patterning and superior stability of the AgNW network.Two opposite effects of different SAMs on the PRI are identified:the alkanethiol SAMs activate surface atom diffusion while the mercaptobenzoheterocyclic(MBH)SAMs suppress the diffusion.The degradation temperature of the AgNWs can be therefore,for the first time,tuned in the range of 193-381℃,so that the AgNW network can be patterned via PRI with a tiny optical difference between the insulative and conductive regions,i.e.,patterning invisible.Besides,the MBH SAMs provide AgNW with excellent durability under thermal annealing and oxidation,which enhances the maximum heating temperature of the AgNW transparent heater by over 120℃.Beyond the micro-patterning,we consider that the developed SAM strategy can be extended to other metal nanowires for stability improvement and has huge potential in nanoengineering of one-dimensional metal materials.展开更多
The integration of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) with metamaterial has provided a novel route to achieve programmability via its reconfigurable capabilities. Here,we propose and demonstrate a MEMS-based metad...The integration of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) with metamaterial has provided a novel route to achieve programmability via its reconfigurable capabilities. Here,we propose and demonstrate a MEMS-based metadevice by using switchable winding-shaped cantilever metamaterial (WCM) for active logical modulation.WCM can be actuated by external driving voltage,and the logical modulation bit is performed by releasing MEMS cantilevers to represent "on" and "off" states. While the underneath substrate surface of a MEMS-based metadevice is rough after releasing the cantilevers,the metadevice is allowed to operate on the reconfigurable switching state and avoid the snapping down of the device when the system is overloaded. Such a reconfigurable and programmable MEMS-based metadevice exhibits multifunctional characteristics to simultaneously perform the logic operations of "OR" and "AND" gates. By exploiting the tuning mechanism of the MEMS-based metadevice,the arbitrary metamaterial configuration can be implanted into WCM. This opens a wide avenue to further enlarge the operating frequency range and applications in optoelectronic fields. These unique results provide various possibilities in multifunctional switching,active logical modulating,and optical computing applications.展开更多
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University,Grant/Award Number:22lgqb17National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:61801525Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2020A1515010693。
文摘To date,development of high-performance,stretchable gas sensors operating at and below room temperature(RT)remains a challenge in terms of traditional sensing materials.Herein,we report on a high-performance NO_(2) gas sensor based on a self-healable,recyclable,ultrastretchable,and stable polyvinyl alcohol–cellulose nanofibril double-network organohydrogel,which features ultrahigh sensitivity(372%/ppm),low limit of detection(2.23 ppb),relatively fast response and recovery time(41/144 s for 250 ppb NO_(2)),good selectivity against interfering gases(NH3,CO_(2),ethanol,and acetone),excellent reversibility,repeatability,and long-term stability at RT or even at−20°C.In particular,this sensor shows outstanding stability against large deformations and mechanical damages so that it works normally after rapid self-healing or remolding after undergoing mechanical damage without significant performance degradation,which has major advantages compared to state-of-the-art gas sensors.The high NO_(2) sensitivity and selectivity are attributed to the selective redox reactions at the threephase interface of gas,gel,and electrode,which is even boosted by applying tensile strain.With a specific electrical circuit design,a wireless NO_(2) alarm system based on this sensor is created to enable continuous,real-time,and wireless NO_(2) detection to avoid the risk of exposure to NO_(2) higher than threshold concentrations.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B010934001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-Sen University(No.19lgzd12)the Scientific and Technological Projection of Guangdong Province(No.2020B1212060030).
文摘Stretchable transparent electrode(STE)plays a key role in numerous emerging applications as an indispensable component for future stretchable devices.The embedded STE,as a promising candidate,possesses balanced performances and facile preparation procedures.However,it still suffers from the defects of conductive materials caused by the transferring,which results in the irreversible failure of devices.In this work,a patternable silver nanowire(AgNW)STE was fabricated by a plasma-enhanced cryo-transferring(PEC-transferring)process.Owing to the plasma-induced sintering,the AgNW network obtained remarkable improvement in robustness,which ensured the intact network after transferring and thus led to superior tensile electrical properties of the STE.Furthermore,serpentine patterns were utilized to optimize the tensile electrical properties of the STE,which achieved a figure of merit of 292.8 and 150%resistance changing under 50%strain.As a practical application,a 4×3 array of the mutual-capacitive type stretchable touch sensors was demonstrated for future touch sensors in stretchable devices.The PEC-transferring process opened a new avenue for patternable embedded STEs and exhibited its high potential in wearable electronics and the Internet of Thing devices.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51772335)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(201904010450).
基金Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B010934001)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0202703)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51432005,51603013,61574018)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(2017055)。
文摘The electronic paper(E-paper)displays features such as flexibility,sunlight visibility,and low power consumption,which makes it ideal for Internet of Things(IoT)applications where the goal is to eliminate bulky power modules.Here,we report a unique self-powered E-paper(SPEP),where information inputs and energy supplies are all converted from mechanical motion by a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG).The operation of an electrophoretic E-paper is first investigated,identifying the current density as a determinative parameter for driving pigment particle motion and color change.Electrical and optical responses of the E-paper driven by a slidingmode TENG are then found to be consistent with that under a current source mode.All-in-one monochromic and chromatic SPEPs integrated with a flexible transparent TENG are finally demonstrated,and a pixelated SPEP is discussed for future research.The sliding-driven mechanism of SPEP allows for a potential handwriting function,is free of an extra power supply,and promises undoubtedly a wide range of future applications.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61904067,61805108,61575084,and 62075088)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(No.202102020758)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515011498)Science&Technology Project of Guangzhou City(No.201807010077)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B010934001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.21621405 and 21620328).
文摘Silver nanowire(AgNW)based transparent electrode(TE)plays a pivotal role in optoelectronics where TE is generally required to have fine pattern and high performance.Despite the rapid technological advances in either welding or patterning of AgNWs,there are few studies that combine the two processes in a simple and practical manner.Here,aiming to fabricate high-performance patterned AgNW TE,we develop a simplified photolithography that enables both plasmonic nanowelding with low-level UV exposure(20 mW/cm^(2))and high-resolution micropatterning without photoresist and etching process by conjugating AgNW with diphenyliodonium nitrate(DPIN)and UV-curable cellulose.The cellulose as a binder can effectively enhance plasmonic heating,adhesion,and stability,while the photosensitive DPIN,capable of modulating surface atom diffusion,can boost the plasmonic welding at AgNW junction and induce patterning in AgNW network with Plateau-Rayleigh instability.The fabricated AgNW TE has high figure of merit of up to 1,000(3.7Ω/sq at 90%transmittance)and minimal pattern size down to 3µm,along with superior robustness.Finally,a flexible smart window with high performance is demonstrated using the patterned and welded AgNW TEs,verifying the applicability of the simplified photolithography technique to optoelectronic devices.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52072415)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2021A1515012387)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(No.201904010450).
文摘Flexible and wearable sensors have broad application prospects in health monitoring and artificial intelligence.Many different single-functional sensing devices have been developed in recent years,such as pressure sensors and temperature sensors.However,it is still a great challenge to design and fabricate tactile sensors with multiple sensing functions.Herein,we propose a simple direct stamping method for the fabrication of multifunctional tactile sensors.It can detect pressure and temperature stimuli signals simultaneously.This pressure/temperature sensor possesses high sensitivity(0.67 kPa^(-1)),large linear range(0.75-5 kPa),and fast response speed(15.6 ms)in pressure sensing.It also has a high temperature sensitivity(1.41%/℃)and great linearity(0.99)for temperature sensing in the range of-30 to 30℃.All these excellent performances indicate that this pressure/temperature sensor has great potential in applications for artificial intelligence and health monitoring.
基金The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61904067,62175094,61805108,and 62075088)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(No.202102020758)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2020A1515011498)Scientific and Technological Projection of Guangdong province(No.2020B1212060030)KeyArea Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B010934001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.21621405 and 21620328).
文摘Patterned silver nanowire(AgNW)networks have been widely used as transparent electrodes in many optoelectrical devices.However,obvious patterning visibility and poor thermostability of AgNW are still limiting its practical application.Herein,we report self-assembled monolayer(SAM)modulated Plateau-Rayleigh instability(PRI)of AgNW,which allows invisible patterning and superior stability of the AgNW network.Two opposite effects of different SAMs on the PRI are identified:the alkanethiol SAMs activate surface atom diffusion while the mercaptobenzoheterocyclic(MBH)SAMs suppress the diffusion.The degradation temperature of the AgNWs can be therefore,for the first time,tuned in the range of 193-381℃,so that the AgNW network can be patterned via PRI with a tiny optical difference between the insulative and conductive regions,i.e.,patterning invisible.Besides,the MBH SAMs provide AgNW with excellent durability under thermal annealing and oxidation,which enhances the maximum heating temperature of the AgNW transparent heater by over 120℃.Beyond the micro-patterning,we consider that the developed SAM strategy can be extended to other metal nanowires for stability improvement and has huge potential in nanoengineering of one-dimensional metal materials.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Basic and Applied Foundation of Guangdong Province (2021A1515012217)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0705004)National Natural Science Foundation of China (11690031)。
文摘The integration of micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) with metamaterial has provided a novel route to achieve programmability via its reconfigurable capabilities. Here,we propose and demonstrate a MEMS-based metadevice by using switchable winding-shaped cantilever metamaterial (WCM) for active logical modulation.WCM can be actuated by external driving voltage,and the logical modulation bit is performed by releasing MEMS cantilevers to represent "on" and "off" states. While the underneath substrate surface of a MEMS-based metadevice is rough after releasing the cantilevers,the metadevice is allowed to operate on the reconfigurable switching state and avoid the snapping down of the device when the system is overloaded. Such a reconfigurable and programmable MEMS-based metadevice exhibits multifunctional characteristics to simultaneously perform the logic operations of "OR" and "AND" gates. By exploiting the tuning mechanism of the MEMS-based metadevice,the arbitrary metamaterial configuration can be implanted into WCM. This opens a wide avenue to further enlarge the operating frequency range and applications in optoelectronic fields. These unique results provide various possibilities in multifunctional switching,active logical modulating,and optical computing applications.