Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the External Aerodynamic Noise of High-Speed Train

Aerodynamic noise is the dominant noise source of the high-speed train.It not only seriously affects the passenger comfort and people’s normal life along the railway line,but also may cause fatigue damage to the surrounding equipment and buildings.This manuscript carried out the simulation and experimental study on the external aerodynamic noise of high-speed train,in order to increase the understanding of the noise and hence to be better able to control it.The on-line tests were performed to verify that it is reasonable to simplify the high-speed train model.The turbulent air flow model was then developed,and the external steady flow field was computed by Realizable k-εturbulence model.Based on the steady flow field,aerodynamic noise sources on the train surface and the external transient flow field were calculated by broadband acoustics source model and large eddy simulation(LES)respectively.The pressures on the train surface were obtained from the results of the transient model.Considering the transient flow field,the far-field aerodynamic noise generated by the high-speed train was finally obtained based on Lighthill-Curle theory.Through the comparison between simulations and on-line tests,it is shown that the numerical model gives reliable aerodynamic noise predictions.This research is significant to the study and control of the aerodynamic noise of high-speed train.

Enhanced strength-ductility of CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy with inverse gradient-grained structure prepared by laser surface heat-treatment technique

The inverse gradient-grained CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy with a desirable mechanical property that evades the strength-ductility trade-off is fabricated by the process of cold rolling and subsequent laser surface heat-treatment.Due to the gradually decayed thermal effect along with the thickness,the grain size increases from the hard core to the soft surface in terms of the inverse gradient-grained sample,which is in good consistent with the microhardness profiles.The hetero-deformation induced strengthening and strain hardening caused by the inverse gradient-grained structure improve the strength-ductility combination,as well as the high-order hierarchal nanotwins due to the enhanced interaction with dislocations.For the laser surface heat-treatment technique,the strength and ductility are significantly increased by enlarging the microhardness difference and decreasing the thermal stress.Considering the high volume fraction of gradient-grained layer and a great deal of high-order hierarchal nanotwins in the central region,the laser surface heat-treatment technique is a promising way to produce the gradientstructured materials without thickness limitation.