Measures for Error Avalanche and Energy Avalanche Effect in Secure Wireless Fieldbus Systems

The wireless fieldbus is a vital part in present industrial automatic controls and software-defined systems. Accompanying, security is an upcoming problem determines its future leapfrog development. Wireless fieldbus systems can be made secure by encrypting the data. Unfortunately, the diffusion character of encryption brings significant vulnerabilities in terms of deteriorated error performance and energy efficiency. In this paper, we first propose an AES-dependent Hsiao(AD-Hsiao) code to improve the error correction capability, which leverages the prior information of data similarity and AES decryption to assist syndrome decoding. Then, we develop "Random Coset" scheme to reduce energy consumption. Based on mapping written data into several data candidates, this scheme lessens the number of bits written to memory and thereby boosts the write energy efficiency. Simulation results show that the AD-Hsiao code can correct majority of double errors in a single codeword with limited latency and area cost as the Hamming code. Moreover, the(72,64) AD-Hsiao code improves the reliability by 102 over the(72,64) Hamming code at 8 dB AWGN channel, and also exceeding the high cost(78,64) BCH code. In addition, the "Random Coset" improves energy efficiency by 6.6～14% than the current scheme while re-quires small ROM storage.

Non-sampling errors in questionnaire surveys: findings from a National Fertility Survey

Non-sampling errors can generally be divided into three types:sampling frame errors,non-response errors and measurement errors.Missing target units in the sam-pling frame,improper handling of non-responses,and misreporting or underreport-ing of key variables in the questionnaire can all cause deviations in a survey’s results.The widespread application of Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing(CAPI)systems and the inclusion of administrative records from government sources in sur-veys has strengthened the ability to control non-sampling errors.Taking a national fertility sampling survey as an example,this study summarizes the sources of var-ious non-sampling errors and explains how to harness big data resources such as administrative records to control non-sampling errors throughout the survey.The study analyzes the impact of three types of non-sampling errors on the results of the fertility survey and examines the strategies used to address the problems caused by these non-sampling errors.The findings indicate that non-sampling errors were the main source of total error in the survey,and that the errors found came mainly from sampling frame errors;non-response errors and measurement errors were controlled and had little impact on the survey results.

Fertility intention and related factors in China: findings from the 2017 National Fertility Survey

This paper reports the fertility intension of women based on data from the national fertility survey in 2017 in China(CFS 2017),after implementation of the universal two-child policy,and analyses major related factors.The reported ideal number of children is 1.96 in average,and the intended number of children is 1.76,with obvi-ous differences among different regions.The ideal number of children is highly cor-related with the intended number of children,and intended number of children is related to number of children women already have.Women who have had one child intend to have fewer children than women who have not yet had a child.Women who have not yet had any child intend to have 1.60 children in average.The prefer-ence of boy varies by intended number of children.

China fertility survey 2017:design and implementation

This paper examines the design and the process used to carry out the China Fertility Survey 2017,a national representative survey that collected data on fertility desire,childbearing behavior,the use of childbearing services,and the determinants of childbearing behavior.The sampling method adopted was three-stage stratified probabilities proportional to size(PPS),and survey implementation made use of Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing(CAPI).CAPI played a significant role in survey design,last-stage sampling,interviewer training,face-to-face interviews,and questionnaire review and quality control.The survey results were compared with relevant data in the Integrated Management Information System for Population and Family Planning to check consistency.Ex post facto weighting was applied to correct sample structure bias.The process used to acquire accurate personal information is summarized.Suggestions based on consideration of sampling frame distortion by population mobility and other factors are put forward in the hope of improving similar sampling surveys in the future.

Activating MoO_(3) nanobelts via aqueous intercalation as a near-infrared type I photosensitizer for photodynamic periodontitis treatment

Although molybdenum trioxide nanomaterials have been widely explored as nanoagents for biomedical applications against bacteria through photothermal therapy,chemodynamic therapy,and catalytic therapy,their utilization as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy(PDT)have been rarely reported so far.Herein,we report the activation of MoO_(3) nanobelts via aqueous co-intercalation of Na+and H_(2)O into their van der Waals gaps as a near-infrared Type I photosensitizer for photodynamic periodontitis treatment.The Na^(+)/H_(2)O intercalation of MoO_(3) nanobelts can shorten its length,generate rich oxygen vacancies,and enlarge its interlayer gaps.Such structural changes thus can induce the color change from white to dark blue with a strong near-infrared(NIR)absorption.When used as a photosensitizer,the I-MoO_(3−x) nanobelts exhibit much higher activities for the generation of superoxide radical(·O_(2)^(−))under an 808 nm laser irradiation than that of the pristine MoO_(3) nanobelts.Therefore,the prepared I-MoO_(3)−x nanobelts show a spectral antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces aureus,thus yielding a good clinical therapeutic effect on periodontitis.Our study proves that aqueous intercalation can be a simple but powerful strategy to activate layered MoO_(3) nanomaterials for high-performance PDT.

Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine plus narrow-band medium-wave ultraviolet B radiation on moderate-to-severe psoriasis vulgaris in a case series

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapy combined with ultraviolet B light therapy in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. METHODS: Patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis (skin lesion area > 10% of the body surface area) for 2 consecutive years were treated with TCM (oral and external use of herbal medicines, acupuncture, and herbal bathing) and narrow-band medium-wave ultraviolet B light treatment for 12 weeks. The treatment effect was evaluated based on the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), the achievement of a 50% reduction in the PASI (PASI50), the achievement of a 75% reduction in the PASI (PASI75), pruritus score, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and safety. RESULTS: A total of 95 outpatients were enrolled, and 92 subjects (96.8%) completed the 12-week treatment course. At baseline, the average proportion of the body surface area covered by skin lesions was 12.4%, and the average PASI was 17.7. All patients had previously been treated with conventional medicine (89.1% of patients received ultraviolet light treatment, 50.0% received glucocorticoids, and 21.7% received acitretin). After the 12-week treatment course, 22 patients (23.9%) achieved PASI75, and 43 (46.7%) achieved PASI50. The post-treatment pruritus score and Dermatology Life Quality Index of all treated patients were significantly lower than the respective baseline values (P < 0.0001). No adverse effects were detected by the monitoring of blood, urine, stools, liver and kidney function, and echocardiography.CONCLUSION: Comprehensive therapy comprising TCM therapy combined with ultraviolet B light therapy achieved good outcomes for patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.