The discipline of geography encompasses both natural and social sciences and has the natural advantage of enabling the study of sustainability from a transdisciplinary perspective.There are great opportunities for geo...The discipline of geography encompasses both natural and social sciences and has the natural advantage of enabling the study of sustainability from a transdisciplinary perspective.There are great opportunities for geographers to participate in sustainability research.However,while geographers have set sustainability goals,they have rarely clarified the details for reaching those goals.Current knowledge on the relationship between humans and the environment and the methodologies for studying this relationship are inadequate to solve the transdisciplinary questions in sustainability science.Five research areas:geographical processes;ecosystem services and human wellbeing;human-environmental systems;sustainable development;and geo-data and modelling for sustainability are proposed as those needed to help geography achieve sustainability.The key objective of promoting geography for sustainability is to reveal the mechanisms of human-environmental system dynamics.This depends on understanding the processes in the natural and social systems and their mutual feedback as well as clarifying the relationships between the structures,functional characteristics and interactions in the human-environmental systems at multiple scales.The advancement of geography and its methodologies and technologies will provide a more profound understanding of the future.Geographers have the responsibility of promoting the discipline as the key pathway for carrying natural and social sciences towards sustainability.展开更多
The implementation of strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is frequently hindered by potential trade-offs between priorities for either environmental protection or human well-being.However,ecos...The implementation of strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is frequently hindered by potential trade-offs between priorities for either environmental protection or human well-being.However,ecosystem services(ES)-based solutions can offer possible co-benefits for SDGs implementation that are often overlooked or underexploited.In this study,we cover this gap and investigate how experts from different countries value the SDGs and relate them with ES.A total of 66 countries participated to the survey,and answers were grouped into three macro-regions:Asia;Europe,North America,and Oceania(ENO);Latin America,Caribbean and Africa(LA).Results show that the most prioritized SDGs in the three macro-regions are usually those related to essential material needs and environmental conditions,such as SDG2(Zero Hunger),SDG1(No Poverty),and SDG6(Clean Water).At a global scale,the number of prioritized synergies between SDGs and ES largely exceeded trade-offs.The highest amount of synergies was observed for SDG1(No Poverty),mainly with SDG2,SDG3(Good Health),SDG5(Gender Equality),and SDG8(Economic Growth).Other major synergies among SDGs include SDG14-15(Life below water-Life on land),SDG5-10(Gender Equity-Reduced Inequality),and SDG1-2(No poverty-Zero Hunger).At a global scale,SDG15,SDG13,SDG14,and SDG6 were closely related to ES like climate regulation,freshwater,food,water purification,biodiversity,and education.SDG11(Sustainable Cities)and SDG3 were also relevant in Asia and in LA,respectively.Overall,this study shows the potential to couple future policies that can implement SDGs’strategies while adopting ES-based solutions in different regions of the world.展开更多
The world is changing at an accelerating pace due to increased human exploitation of the earth’s resources and the consequent climate change and biodiversity loss crises.As a transdisciplinary discipline studying the...The world is changing at an accelerating pace due to increased human exploitation of the earth’s resources and the consequent climate change and biodiversity loss crises.As a transdisciplinary discipline studying the coupled human and nature systems and their interactions,Geography has natural advantages to promote sustainable development.With the aim of stimulating sustainable development in the Anthropocene,the International Geography and Sustainability Workshop 2021 was held virtually during 23-24 November 2021.This editorial briefly reviews the development history of Geography,summarizes the presentations of keynote speakers,outlines the overall research framework,and discusses the future directions by which the discipline of Geography can be harnessed to advance sustainable development.The key outcomes are as follows:(1)The research paradigms of Geography are shifting from basic knowledge acquisition to understanding of coupling patterns and processes,and to the simulation and prediction of complex human-earth systems;(2)Landscape sustainability science and the metacoupling concept are emerging as new comprehensive research perspectives,and the framework of“Pattern—Process—Service—Sustainability”can be used as a basis to underpin Geography’s role in sustainability;(3)Geography can support sustainable development in many ways,such as in agricultural development,disaster and risk monitoring and early warning,global climate change mitigation,and in helping to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Future research directions include:integrated geographical research on climate change and sustainable resource utilization;integrated geographical research on social and economic sustainable development;sustainable cascades of ecosystem structure,functions,services,and human well-being;metacoupling for sustainability;safe and justice space boundaries;the classification-coordination-collaboration approach;and geographical education for sustainable development.展开更多
The great challenges of sustainable development highlight an urgent need to systematically understand the mech-anisms linking humans and nature.Resources and Environmental Sciences are a broad and practical discipline...The great challenges of sustainable development highlight an urgent need to systematically understand the mech-anisms linking humans and nature.Resources and Environmental Sciences are a broad and practical discipline focused on coupled human and natural systems.They aim to study the formation and evolution of resources in the earth system,the drivers of various environmental problems,processes and relationships between resources and the environment,particularly under the combined impacts of natural conditions and human activities.The major resources and environmental problems drive the discipline development;international science programmes guide the direction of the discipline;interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary integration promotes new branches of the discipline;and technological progress results in a research paradigm shift.Facing the critical research re-quirements of strengthening trans-and interdisciplinarity,breaking through the key technology,targeting major environmental and disaster issues,and supporting sustainable development,nine critical scientific issues should be focused on climate change impact and adaptation,petroleum and mineral resources,water cycle and water re-sources,soil and land resources,ecosystems,remote sensing and geographic information science,environmental science and technology,disaster risk,and global and regional sustainable development.Suggestions to enhancing funding systems,improve talent cultivation,develop scientific platforms,and strength international cooperation are provided in this study to support scientific policymaking.The promotion of Resources and Environmental Sci-ences enables a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of economic development and environmental changes relevant to assure a more sustainable global development.展开更多
The year of 2021 has witnessed many extreme weather events across the world that have shocked and challenged human society,in particular for the populous cities,challenging progress on sustainable city development.In ...The year of 2021 has witnessed many extreme weather events across the world that have shocked and challenged human society,in particular for the populous cities,challenging progress on sustainable city development.In the comment we highlighted the record-breaking rainstorm that is considered to happen only“once-in-a-thousand-years”on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou,China;and a series of short and long-term resilience enhancement and risk reducing measures to climate change and natural hazard risks.We found that increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events caused by human-induced climate change challenges progress on sustainable city development,but could also accelerate activities to enable cities to become more resilient.This comment is essential to advance towards the sustainable city development goal(SDG 11)in China’s mega cities,as well as informing progress for other global cities.展开更多
Water resources are a basic need for social sustainable development and human existence.As an important national strategy for water resources security,spatial and temporal patterns and driving mechanisms of water yiel...Water resources are a basic need for social sustainable development and human existence.As an important national strategy for water resources security,spatial and temporal patterns and driving mechanisms of water yield ecosystem services on the Qingzang Plateau(QP)are critical for water resources management,optimal water allocation and the improvement of ecological water protection efficiency.However,only a few relevant studies are currently available.In this study,we simulated the water yield(WY)of the QP over 34 years,from 1982 to 2015,using the InVEST model and analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamic relationships between WY and climate change as well as between WY and vegetation change,using geographically weighted regression(GWR)models.The results showed that:1)from 1982 to 2015,the WY of the QP increased at an average rate of 3.8 mm/yr;2)WY presented a reduced spatial pattern from southeast to northwest;and 3)the WY driving factors have individual and spatial differences.In terms of the area percentage in promoting WY when analyzing each driving factor,precipitation(99.8%)and air pressure(53.3%)played the major roles in promoting WY,while temperature(71.9%),wind speed(57.2%),net primary productivity(87.2%),radiation(68.3%)and lake(87.7%)played negative roles.The areas where WY are dominated by temperature are the largest(41.1%),and followed by areas dominated by pressure(19.7%)and precipitation(18.5%).The results of this study provide scientific support for formulating regional water resources policy,social and economic development planning and other macro decisions for the QP.展开更多
In the Anthropocene,health is necessary to achieve global sustainable development.This is a challenge because health issues are complex and span from humans to ecosystems and the environment through dynamic interac-ti...In the Anthropocene,health is necessary to achieve global sustainable development.This is a challenge because health issues are complex and span from humans to ecosystems and the environment through dynamic interac-tions across scales.We find that the health issues have been mainly addressed by disciplinary endeavors which unfortunately will not result in panoramic theories or effective solutions.We recommend focusing on the intri-cate interactions between humans,ecosystems and the environment for developing common theoretical under-standings and practical solutions for safeguarding planetary health,with human health as the key indicator and endpoint.To facilitate this paradigm shift,a holistic framework is formulated that incorporates disturbances from inner Earth and our solar system,and accommodates interactions between humans,ecosystems and the environ-ment in a nested hierarchy.An integrative and transdisciplinary health science is advocated along with holistic thinking to resolve our current health challenges and to achieve the health-related sustainable development goals.展开更多
Soil nutrient availability and their spatial distributions are strongly related to land use and landscape morphology.This study aims to address the knowledge gap regarding the interaction between these factors and the...Soil nutrient availability and their spatial distributions are strongly related to land use and landscape morphology.This study aims to address the knowledge gap regarding the interaction between these factors and the underlying mechanisms.We selected five land uses(grassland with Artemisia gmelinii,woodland with Robinia pseudoacacia,shrubland with Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides,and apple orchard with Malus pumila)and nine slope positions across hillslopes in the Loess Plateau,China,to investigate their combined effects on the contents and stocks of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP).Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were conducted to determine the significant differences in the means or the medians of the soil nutrient variables.Results showed that the SOC and TN contents of shrubland with Caragana korshinskii were statistically significantly greater than those of the grassland(p<0.05).SOC and TN contents generally decreased from the upper slope to the middle slope,and to the foot slope for the grassland,woodland and shrublands,and on the contrary,an increasing trend from the upper slope,to the middle slope,and to the foot slope was identified for the apple orchard.This study highlights that land use,slope position and their interaction have significant effects on the spatial distributions of soil nutrients.It provides essential empirical evidence for the identification of the optimal vegetation type and slope positions in land management and vegetation restoration activities.展开更多
Differences in progress across sustainable development goals(SDGs)are widespread globally;meanwhile,the rising call for prioritizing specific SDGs may exacerbate such gaps.Nevertheless,how these progress differences w...Differences in progress across sustainable development goals(SDGs)are widespread globally;meanwhile,the rising call for prioritizing specific SDGs may exacerbate such gaps.Nevertheless,how these progress differences would influence global sustainable development has been long neglected.Here,we present the first quantitative assessment of SDGs’progress differences globally by adopting the SDGs progress evenness index.Our results highlight that the uneven progress across SDGs has been a hindrance to sustainable development because(1)it is strongly associated with many public health risks(e.g.,air pollution),social inequalities(e.g.,gender inequality,modern slavery,wealth gap),and a reduction in life expectancy;(2)it is also associated with deforestation and habitat loss in terrestrial and marine ecosystems,increasing the challenges related to biodiversity conservation;(3)most countries with low average SDGs performance show lower progress evenness,which further hinders their fulfillment of SDGs;and(4)many countries with high average SDGs performance also showcase stagnation or even retrogression in progress evenness,which is partly ascribed to the antagonism between climate actions and other goals.These findings highlight that while setting SDGs priorities may be more realistic under the constraints of multiple global stressors,caution must be exercised to avoid new problems from intensifying uneven progress across goals.Moreover,our study reveals that the urgent needs regarding SDGs of different regions seem complementary,emphasizing that regional collaborations(e.g.,demand-oriented carbon trading between SDGs poorly performed and well-performed countries)may promote sustainable development achievements at the global scale.展开更多
The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. g...The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. geomorphology,climate, hydrology, soil, etc.) are the main objects of research in physical geography. China has a complex natural environment and huge regional differentiation and therefore it provides outstanding reserach opportunities in physical geography. This review summarizes the most important developments and the main contributions of research in the physical geography and human living environment in China during the past 70 years. The major topics addressed are the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of its cryosphere, the development of fluvial systems, the acidification of the vast arid region of the Asian interior, variations in the monsoon and westerly climate systems on multiple timescales, the development of lakes and wetlands, the watershed system model, soil erosion, past human-environment interactions, biogeography, and physical geographic zonality. After briefly introducing international research developments, we review the history of research in physical geography in China, focusing on the major achievements and major academic debates, and finally we summarize the status of current research and the future prospects. We propose that in the context of the national demand for the construction of an ecological civilization, we should make full use of the research findings of physical geography, and determine the patterns and mechanisms of natural environmental processes in order to continue to promote the continued contribution of physical geography to national development strategies, and to further contribute to the theory of physical geography from a global perspective.展开更多
自然对人类的贡献(nature’s contributions to people,NCP)是指大自然对人类生活质量的一切积极贡献和消极影响,分为10个调节型NCP、4个物质型NCP和4个非物质型NCP.但目前这些NCP的全球时空分布及其相互作用规律尚不清楚,直接制约了加...自然对人类的贡献(nature’s contributions to people,NCP)是指大自然对人类生活质量的一切积极贡献和消极影响,分为10个调节型NCP、4个物质型NCP和4个非物质型NCP.但目前这些NCP的全球时空分布及其相互作用规律尚不清楚,直接制约了加强自然界多种有益贡献的生态系统管理实践.本研究构建基于指标体系的评价方法,结合生态系统演变、气候变化与人类活动全球尺度多源空间数据集,在全球范围内对1990~2018年所有18个NCPs进行空间制图,在15,204个流域单元上识别主导了NCP组合,并基于NCPs时空特征识别了全球景观变化的功能权衡关系和景观多功能性.结果表明,全球大部分NCPs的高值仅在局地出现.1992~2018年,6个调节型NCP、3个物质型NCP和2个非物质型NCP下降.29种调节型和物质型NCP组合(总共有54种组合)的主导流域占全球76%的陆地面积,而无NCP主导的流域占全球陆地面积的22%.NCPs变化的协同关系比权衡关系更为常见,但调节型和物质型NCP之间的关系普遍处于权衡状态.过渡气候地区的NCP相对少,并具有强烈的权衡关系;而低纬度地区NCPs之间的高度协同关系可能受到未来气候变化的影响.研究结果提供了对全球NCP空间变化规律的总体认知,可用于科学支撑区域景观功能的关系调控和景观多功能性提升,以增强全球人类福祉.展开更多
The world population exceeded eight billion in 2022 and will continue to grow rapidly in the coming decades.To support the survival andwell-being of this large and growing population,numerous natural resources have be...The world population exceeded eight billion in 2022 and will continue to grow rapidly in the coming decades.To support the survival andwell-being of this large and growing population,numerous natural resources have been overexploited,and a large amount of waste has been generated,inducing forms of ecosystem degradation,such as biodiversity loss,productivity decline,and environmental pollution,which undermine the capacity of sustainable development for socioecological systems at multiple scales.As a countermeasure for this problem,a land-degradation-neutral world by 2030 has been established as a critical component of the Sustainable Development Goals.展开更多
Unraveling the complexity of the 17 inter acting sustainable development goals(SDGs)is crucial for their achievement.Empirically revealing the dimensions of the SDGs helps generalize the dominant features of SDGs and ...Unraveling the complexity of the 17 inter acting sustainable development goals(SDGs)is crucial for their achievement.Empirically revealing the dimensions of the SDGs helps generalize the dominant features of SDGs and better understand their drivers.Here,using a database of 166 countries'progress toward achieving each individual SDG,we found that about 70%of the variability of national SDG performance can be captured by three dimensions:socioeconomic development at the expense of resource and climate,the environment,and development at the expense of equality.Moreover,these dimensions are mainly affected by the economy,as gross domestic product(GDP)per capita increases,the first dimension increases monotonically,the environment dimension decreases and then increases,and the inequality dimension increases and then decreases.Our findings indicate a dim prospect of eventually achieving all SDGs because of the conflicts between economic growth and resource and cdimate goals under the current development paradigm,highlighting the importance of sustainable transformation.展开更多
The irrational land use is one of the main reasons for the soil erosion and nutrient loss in the loess hilly area of China. In this project, 4 types of typical land use structure of sustain ment for about 15 years in ...The irrational land use is one of the main reasons for the soil erosion and nutrient loss in the loess hilly area of China. In this project, 4 types of typical land use structure of sustain ment for about 15 years in the loess hill slope are selected to study the effect of land use structure on the distribution of soil nutrients. From hill bottom to hill top, the patterns of land use types are:, grassland-slope farmland-forest, slope farmland-grassland-forest, terrace-grassland-forest and slope farmland-forest-grassland. By measuring the contents of the total N, total P, available N, available P and organic matter of soils, the results show that the land use structure types of slope farmland-grassland-forest and terrace-grassland-forest have a better capacity to maintain the soil nutrients.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Programme of China(No.2017YFA0604700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41991230)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China.
文摘The discipline of geography encompasses both natural and social sciences and has the natural advantage of enabling the study of sustainability from a transdisciplinary perspective.There are great opportunities for geographers to participate in sustainability research.However,while geographers have set sustainability goals,they have rarely clarified the details for reaching those goals.Current knowledge on the relationship between humans and the environment and the methodologies for studying this relationship are inadequate to solve the transdisciplinary questions in sustainability science.Five research areas:geographical processes;ecosystem services and human wellbeing;human-environmental systems;sustainable development;and geo-data and modelling for sustainability are proposed as those needed to help geography achieve sustainability.The key objective of promoting geography for sustainability is to reveal the mechanisms of human-environmental system dynamics.This depends on understanding the processes in the natural and social systems and their mutual feedback as well as clarifying the relationships between the structures,functional characteristics and interactions in the human-environmental systems at multiple scales.The advancement of geography and its methodologies and technologies will provide a more profound understanding of the future.Geographers have the responsibility of promoting the discipline as the key pathway for carrying natural and social sciences towards sustainability.
基金This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0604700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.4181101243)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesFrancesco Cherubini was supported by Nor-wegian Research Council(Grant No.286773)Paulo Pereira was sup-ported by the European Social Fund project LINESAM(Grant No.09.3.3-LMT-K-712-01-0104).
文摘The implementation of strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is frequently hindered by potential trade-offs between priorities for either environmental protection or human well-being.However,ecosystem services(ES)-based solutions can offer possible co-benefits for SDGs implementation that are often overlooked or underexploited.In this study,we cover this gap and investigate how experts from different countries value the SDGs and relate them with ES.A total of 66 countries participated to the survey,and answers were grouped into three macro-regions:Asia;Europe,North America,and Oceania(ENO);Latin America,Caribbean and Africa(LA).Results show that the most prioritized SDGs in the three macro-regions are usually those related to essential material needs and environmental conditions,such as SDG2(Zero Hunger),SDG1(No Poverty),and SDG6(Clean Water).At a global scale,the number of prioritized synergies between SDGs and ES largely exceeded trade-offs.The highest amount of synergies was observed for SDG1(No Poverty),mainly with SDG2,SDG3(Good Health),SDG5(Gender Equality),and SDG8(Economic Growth).Other major synergies among SDGs include SDG14-15(Life below water-Life on land),SDG5-10(Gender Equity-Reduced Inequality),and SDG1-2(No poverty-Zero Hunger).At a global scale,SDG15,SDG13,SDG14,and SDG6 were closely related to ES like climate regulation,freshwater,food,water purification,biodiversity,and education.SDG11(Sustainable Cities)and SDG3 were also relevant in Asia and in LA,respectively.Overall,this study shows the potential to couple future policies that can implement SDGs’strategies while adopting ES-based solutions in different regions of the world.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42042026,L1924041)Research Project on the Discipline Development Strategy of Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XK2019DXC006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China.
文摘The world is changing at an accelerating pace due to increased human exploitation of the earth’s resources and the consequent climate change and biodiversity loss crises.As a transdisciplinary discipline studying the coupled human and nature systems and their interactions,Geography has natural advantages to promote sustainable development.With the aim of stimulating sustainable development in the Anthropocene,the International Geography and Sustainability Workshop 2021 was held virtually during 23-24 November 2021.This editorial briefly reviews the development history of Geography,summarizes the presentations of keynote speakers,outlines the overall research framework,and discusses the future directions by which the discipline of Geography can be harnessed to advance sustainable development.The key outcomes are as follows:(1)The research paradigms of Geography are shifting from basic knowledge acquisition to understanding of coupling patterns and processes,and to the simulation and prediction of complex human-earth systems;(2)Landscape sustainability science and the metacoupling concept are emerging as new comprehensive research perspectives,and the framework of“Pattern—Process—Service—Sustainability”can be used as a basis to underpin Geography’s role in sustainability;(3)Geography can support sustainable development in many ways,such as in agricultural development,disaster and risk monitoring and early warning,global climate change mitigation,and in helping to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Future research directions include:integrated geographical research on climate change and sustainable resource utilization;integrated geographical research on social and economic sustainable development;sustainable cascades of ecosystem structure,functions,services,and human well-being;metacoupling for sustainability;safe and justice space boundaries;the classification-coordination-collaboration approach;and geographical education for sustainable development.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.L1924041)Research Project on the Discipline De-velopment Strategy of Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XK2019DXC006),and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China.
文摘The great challenges of sustainable development highlight an urgent need to systematically understand the mech-anisms linking humans and nature.Resources and Environmental Sciences are a broad and practical discipline focused on coupled human and natural systems.They aim to study the formation and evolution of resources in the earth system,the drivers of various environmental problems,processes and relationships between resources and the environment,particularly under the combined impacts of natural conditions and human activities.The major resources and environmental problems drive the discipline development;international science programmes guide the direction of the discipline;interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary integration promotes new branches of the discipline;and technological progress results in a research paradigm shift.Facing the critical research re-quirements of strengthening trans-and interdisciplinarity,breaking through the key technology,targeting major environmental and disaster issues,and supporting sustainable development,nine critical scientific issues should be focused on climate change impact and adaptation,petroleum and mineral resources,water cycle and water re-sources,soil and land resources,ecosystems,remote sensing and geographic information science,environmental science and technology,disaster risk,and global and regional sustainable development.Suggestions to enhancing funding systems,improve talent cultivation,develop scientific platforms,and strength international cooperation are provided in this study to support scientific policymaking.The promotion of Resources and Environmental Sci-ences enables a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of economic development and environmental changes relevant to assure a more sustainable global development.
基金This research is jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China Project(Grant No.41991235),and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘The year of 2021 has witnessed many extreme weather events across the world that have shocked and challenged human society,in particular for the populous cities,challenging progress on sustainable city development.In the comment we highlighted the record-breaking rainstorm that is considered to happen only“once-in-a-thousand-years”on 20 July 2021 in Zhengzhou,China;and a series of short and long-term resilience enhancement and risk reducing measures to climate change and natural hazard risks.We found that increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events caused by human-induced climate change challenges progress on sustainable city development,but could also accelerate activities to enable cities to become more resilient.This comment is essential to advance towards the sustainable city development goal(SDG 11)in China’s mega cities,as well as informing progress for other global cities.
基金supported by The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(Grant No.2019QZKK0405)the Chinese Academy of Sciences through the Strategic Pilot Science and Technology Special Project(Category A)(Grant No.XDA2002040201)the Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Land Management Open Fund(Grant No.2018-ZD01).
文摘Water resources are a basic need for social sustainable development and human existence.As an important national strategy for water resources security,spatial and temporal patterns and driving mechanisms of water yield ecosystem services on the Qingzang Plateau(QP)are critical for water resources management,optimal water allocation and the improvement of ecological water protection efficiency.However,only a few relevant studies are currently available.In this study,we simulated the water yield(WY)of the QP over 34 years,from 1982 to 2015,using the InVEST model and analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamic relationships between WY and climate change as well as between WY and vegetation change,using geographically weighted regression(GWR)models.The results showed that:1)from 1982 to 2015,the WY of the QP increased at an average rate of 3.8 mm/yr;2)WY presented a reduced spatial pattern from southeast to northwest;and 3)the WY driving factors have individual and spatial differences.In terms of the area percentage in promoting WY when analyzing each driving factor,precipitation(99.8%)and air pressure(53.3%)played the major roles in promoting WY,while temperature(71.9%),wind speed(57.2%),net primary productivity(87.2%),radiation(68.3%)and lake(87.7%)played negative roles.The areas where WY are dominated by temperature are the largest(41.1%),and followed by areas dominated by pressure(19.7%)and precipitation(18.5%).The results of this study provide scientific support for formulating regional water resources policy,social and economic development planning and other macro decisions for the QP.
基金This work was financially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA23070201)The Science-based Advisory Program of the Alliance of International Science Organizations。
文摘In the Anthropocene,health is necessary to achieve global sustainable development.This is a challenge because health issues are complex and span from humans to ecosystems and the environment through dynamic interac-tions across scales.We find that the health issues have been mainly addressed by disciplinary endeavors which unfortunately will not result in panoramic theories or effective solutions.We recommend focusing on the intri-cate interactions between humans,ecosystems and the environment for developing common theoretical under-standings and practical solutions for safeguarding planetary health,with human health as the key indicator and endpoint.To facilitate this paradigm shift,a holistic framework is formulated that incorporates disturbances from inner Earth and our solar system,and accommodates interactions between humans,ecosystems and the environ-ment in a nested hierarchy.An integrative and transdisciplinary health science is advocated along with holistic thinking to resolve our current health challenges and to achieve the health-related sustainable development goals.
基金The authors wish to thank all the technicians involved in field and laboratory work.This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(grants 41991235,42007052)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Soil nutrient availability and their spatial distributions are strongly related to land use and landscape morphology.This study aims to address the knowledge gap regarding the interaction between these factors and the underlying mechanisms.We selected five land uses(grassland with Artemisia gmelinii,woodland with Robinia pseudoacacia,shrubland with Caragana korshinskii and Hippophae rhamnoides,and apple orchard with Malus pumila)and nine slope positions across hillslopes in the Loess Plateau,China,to investigate their combined effects on the contents and stocks of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP).Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were conducted to determine the significant differences in the means or the medians of the soil nutrient variables.Results showed that the SOC and TN contents of shrubland with Caragana korshinskii were statistically significantly greater than those of the grassland(p<0.05).SOC and TN contents generally decreased from the upper slope to the middle slope,and to the foot slope for the grassland,woodland and shrublands,and on the contrary,an increasing trend from the upper slope,to the middle slope,and to the foot slope was identified for the apple orchard.This study highlights that land use,slope position and their interaction have significant effects on the spatial distributions of soil nutrients.It provides essential empirical evidence for the identification of the optimal vegetation type and slope positions in land management and vegetation restoration activities.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001267,42041005,and 42041007)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(121311KYSB20170004-04)the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program(A)(grant no.XDA20050103)。
文摘Differences in progress across sustainable development goals(SDGs)are widespread globally;meanwhile,the rising call for prioritizing specific SDGs may exacerbate such gaps.Nevertheless,how these progress differences would influence global sustainable development has been long neglected.Here,we present the first quantitative assessment of SDGs’progress differences globally by adopting the SDGs progress evenness index.Our results highlight that the uneven progress across SDGs has been a hindrance to sustainable development because(1)it is strongly associated with many public health risks(e.g.,air pollution),social inequalities(e.g.,gender inequality,modern slavery,wealth gap),and a reduction in life expectancy;(2)it is also associated with deforestation and habitat loss in terrestrial and marine ecosystems,increasing the challenges related to biodiversity conservation;(3)most countries with low average SDGs performance show lower progress evenness,which further hinders their fulfillment of SDGs;and(4)many countries with high average SDGs performance also showcase stagnation or even retrogression in progress evenness,which is partly ascribed to the antagonism between climate actions and other goals.These findings highlight that while setting SDGs priorities may be more realistic under the constraints of multiple global stressors,caution must be exercised to avoid new problems from intensifying uneven progress across goals.Moreover,our study reveals that the urgent needs regarding SDGs of different regions seem complementary,emphasizing that regional collaborations(e.g.,demand-oriented carbon trading between SDGs poorly performed and well-performed countries)may promote sustainable development achievements at the global scale.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41842050)
文摘The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. geomorphology,climate, hydrology, soil, etc.) are the main objects of research in physical geography. China has a complex natural environment and huge regional differentiation and therefore it provides outstanding reserach opportunities in physical geography. This review summarizes the most important developments and the main contributions of research in the physical geography and human living environment in China during the past 70 years. The major topics addressed are the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of its cryosphere, the development of fluvial systems, the acidification of the vast arid region of the Asian interior, variations in the monsoon and westerly climate systems on multiple timescales, the development of lakes and wetlands, the watershed system model, soil erosion, past human-environment interactions, biogeography, and physical geographic zonality. After briefly introducing international research developments, we review the history of research in physical geography in China, focusing on the major achievements and major academic debates, and finally we summarize the status of current research and the future prospects. We propose that in the context of the national demand for the construction of an ecological civilization, we should make full use of the research findings of physical geography, and determine the patterns and mechanisms of natural environmental processes in order to continue to promote the continued contribution of physical geography to national development strategies, and to further contribute to the theory of physical geography from a global perspective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991230)the European Research Council(ERC grant agreement 647038(BIODESERT))Generalitat Valenciana(CIDEGENT/2018/041)。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0604701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991235)+1 种基金the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship(FT200100096)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China。
文摘自然对人类的贡献(nature’s contributions to people,NCP)是指大自然对人类生活质量的一切积极贡献和消极影响,分为10个调节型NCP、4个物质型NCP和4个非物质型NCP.但目前这些NCP的全球时空分布及其相互作用规律尚不清楚,直接制约了加强自然界多种有益贡献的生态系统管理实践.本研究构建基于指标体系的评价方法,结合生态系统演变、气候变化与人类活动全球尺度多源空间数据集,在全球范围内对1990~2018年所有18个NCPs进行空间制图,在15,204个流域单元上识别主导了NCP组合,并基于NCPs时空特征识别了全球景观变化的功能权衡关系和景观多功能性.结果表明,全球大部分NCPs的高值仅在局地出现.1992~2018年,6个调节型NCP、3个物质型NCP和2个非物质型NCP下降.29种调节型和物质型NCP组合(总共有54种组合)的主导流域占全球76%的陆地面积,而无NCP主导的流域占全球陆地面积的22%.NCPs变化的协同关系比权衡关系更为常见,但调节型和物质型NCP之间的关系普遍处于权衡状态.过渡气候地区的NCP相对少,并具有强烈的权衡关系;而低纬度地区NCPs之间的高度协同关系可能受到未来气候变化的影响.研究结果提供了对全球NCP空间变化规律的总体认知,可用于科学支撑区域景观功能的关系调控和景观多功能性提升,以增强全球人类福祉.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2022YFF1303204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42041005).
文摘The world population exceeded eight billion in 2022 and will continue to grow rapidly in the coming decades.To support the survival andwell-being of this large and growing population,numerous natural resources have been overexploited,and a large amount of waste has been generated,inducing forms of ecosystem degradation,such as biodiversity loss,productivity decline,and environmental pollution,which undermine the capacity of sustainable development for socioecological systems at multiple scales.As a countermeasure for this problem,a land-degradation-neutral world by 2030 has been established as a critical component of the Sustainable Development Goals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42041007 and 42201306)the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX2021042)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700458)the US National Science Foundation(1924111)Michigan AgBioResearch。
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(41991233)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071125,42101104)+1 种基金the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QzKK0502)the Youth Innovation Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022445).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42041007 and 42201306)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX2021042)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021 M700458).
文摘Unraveling the complexity of the 17 inter acting sustainable development goals(SDGs)is crucial for their achievement.Empirically revealing the dimensions of the SDGs helps generalize the dominant features of SDGs and better understand their drivers.Here,using a database of 166 countries'progress toward achieving each individual SDG,we found that about 70%of the variability of national SDG performance can be captured by three dimensions:socioeconomic development at the expense of resource and climate,the environment,and development at the expense of equality.Moreover,these dimensions are mainly affected by the economy,as gross domestic product(GDP)per capita increases,the first dimension increases monotonically,the environment dimension decreases and then increases,and the inequality dimension increases and then decreases.Our findings indicate a dim prospect of eventually achieving all SDGs because of the conflicts between economic growth and resource and cdimate goals under the current development paradigm,highlighting the importance of sustainable transformation.
文摘The irrational land use is one of the main reasons for the soil erosion and nutrient loss in the loess hilly area of China. In this project, 4 types of typical land use structure of sustain ment for about 15 years in the loess hill slope are selected to study the effect of land use structure on the distribution of soil nutrients. From hill bottom to hill top, the patterns of land use types are:, grassland-slope farmland-forest, slope farmland-grassland-forest, terrace-grassland-forest and slope farmland-forest-grassland. By measuring the contents of the total N, total P, available N, available P and organic matter of soils, the results show that the land use structure types of slope farmland-grassland-forest and terrace-grassland-forest have a better capacity to maintain the soil nutrients.
基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK0405)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative(KFJ-STS-QYZD060)+3 种基金the State Key Research Development Program of China(2016YFC0501802,2016YFC0501803 and 2016YFC0502002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871040 and 41501057)the Innovative Research Team of the Ministry of Education of China(IRT_17R59)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。