Bilharzia Appendicitis: Incidence in a Commune in Mali, about 3CAS

Appendicitis bilharzia is a very rare condition and we report 3 cases of this pathology that sense clinical and biological similarities with bacterial appendicitis. The etiological diagnosis was exclusively histopathological, this allowed to highlight eggs of Schistosome in the appendicular wall in the three patients. The surgical treatment was supplemented by a specific medical treatment based on praziquantel. The surgical suites were simple for 2 patients, complicated by superficial parietal suppuration in a patient.

Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in General Surgery at Gabriel TouréUniversity Hospital in Mali

Through its impact on morbidity and mortality and the cost of medical care, Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) has a significant influence on the quality of care in a surgical environment. The objectives were to determine the risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism and to assess its prophylactic management in the general surgery department of Gabriel Toure University Hospital. This was a prospective observational study from May 01, 2018 to December 31, 2018. It included all patients of 18 years old and over, operated in regulated surgery, under general anesthesia in the department. For all of these patients, Caprini score was used to assess the risk of VTE. The ninth American College of Chest Physicians’ Consensus was used as guidelines to assess Thromboprophylaxis practices in the ward. The Caprini score was evaluated in 80 patients for 8 months. The average age was 50.2 years. The sex ratio was 0.48. The risk level of VTE was low in three patients (3.8%), moderate in 13 patients (16.3%), high in 34 patients (42.5%) and highest in 30 patients (37.5%). The main risk factors found were major surgery (87.5%), age > 40 years (72.5%), cancer (33.8%), bed rest (31.2%), obesity (27.5%) and minor surgery (12.5%). Early mobilization was performed in all patients. Pharmacologic prophylaxis was required in 80% of our patients but only 38.8% had received low molecular weight heparin. VTE complicated 5 procedures, including 3 cases of deep vein thrombosis of the limbs and 2 cases of pulmonary embolism who died. Venous thromboembolism is serious and common in surgical settings. Its prevention remains insufficient in our context.

Traumatic Diaphragmatic Injury at Gabriel Toure University Hospital, Mali

Traumatic diaphragmatic injury (TDI) is rare and is most often the result of a traffic road accident (TRA) or an assault. We initiated this study with the aims of determining the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of TDI at Gabriel Toure University Hospital. This was a retrospective study from January 1999 to June 2021 that included all patients who presented a diaphragmatic injury consecutive to abdominal and/or thoracic trauma. In 22 years and 6 months, 46 cases of TDI were collected. They represented 0.17% of hospitalizations, 0.26% of surgical emergencies and 5.5% of thoraco-abdominal traumas. The average age was 31.69 years with a sex ratio of 3.2. Criminal stabbings accounted for 56.5% and TRA for 19.6%. Penetrating injuries accounted for 78.3% of cases. The parietal lesion was thoracic in 21 cases (45.7%), abdominal in 19 cases (41.3%) and thoraco-abdominal in 6 cases (13%). The chest X-ray, performed in 15 patients, showed an intrathoracic gas bubble (4 cases) and hemothorax (6 cases). Diagnosis of diaphragmatic lesion was preoperative in 21.7% (10 cases). The diaphragmatic breach was on the left side in 65.2% (30 cases) and the average size was 3.17 cm. Laparotomy was performed in 89.1%, thoracotomy in 4.4% and thoraco-laparotomy in 6.5% of cases. The surgical procedure consisted of reduction of the herniated viscera in 15.2% (7 cases) and closure of the diaphragmatic breach with non-absorbable sutures in 82.6% (36 cases). Chest tube drainage was performed in 73.9%. The average length of hospital stay was 9.8 days. Mortality was 13.04%. Conclusion: Traumatic diaphragmatic injury is rare but its frequency is increasing in our country. It most often affects the young man victim of assault or TRA. This type of trauma is rarely isolated;you have to think about it in case of any thoraco-abdominal trauma. The treatment is surgical. The prognosis depends on the severity of the associated lesions.

Stomach Cancer in the General Surgery Departement at the Teaching Hospital Gabriel Toure

Introduction: Stomach cancer is a malignant tumor developed at the expense of the gastric wall. Gastric cancer is a common cancer occupying the 5th rank of cancers in the world, or 5.7% of all cancers. Purpose: To study epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects of stomach cancer. Methodology: This was a retrospective and prospective study, which was carried out in the General Surgery Department at the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2020, and all cases of stomach cancer were confirmed by histological examination. Result: We recorded 857 cases of stomach cancer or 40.1% of digestive cancers. The sex ratio was 1.6. The average age was 55 years ± 13 years. The main clinical signs were epigastralgia (98.6%), vomiting (93.34%), weight loss (96.03%), and anorexia (46.1%). It was adenocarcinoma (97.55%), and antropyloric location (78.64%). Patients were Stage IV (72.817%) cases. Among the 857 patients, 722 were operated on, accounting for 84.25% of the cases. Surgery was palliative in 60.66% and curative in 25.62%. Gastrectomy of 4/5 plus D2 type curage was the most performed in curative surgery. The median overall postoperative survival was 5 months. Conclusion: Stomach cancer is the most common digestive cancer in our department, the diagnosis is most often late, so palliative surgery occupies an important place.

Benin Goitre in the General Surgery Department at Teaching Hospital Gabriel Touré

Introduction: Goitre is an increase in the volume of the thyroid gland. Goiters may be congenital or acquired, diffuse or nodular, functional or non-functional, benign or malignant. Purpose: The objectives of this work were to study and determine the frequency of benign goitre in the general surgery department of CHU Gabriel Touré, and to study epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects. Patients and Method: This was a retrospective and prospective study conducted in the general surgery department of CHU Gabriel Touré, from January 1999 to December 2019. Included in the study were all patients with benign goiter confirmed in histology, hospitalized and treated in the service. Patients with thyroid malignant tumours, strumite, thyroid tract cyst, cervical abscess and neck trauma were not retained. Socio-demographic, clinical, para-clinical, therapeutic and post-operative aspects were the study parameters. Word processing and tables were done with Microsoft Word and Excel 2016 software. Data analysis was performed with Epi info7 software, the statistical test used was the Khi2 test and a value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 253 patient files were collected. Thyroidectomy represented 5.02% (253/5036) of surgical procedures. The average age was 42.5 years with a standard deviation of 15.6 and extremes of 13.9 and 76 years. The sex ratio was 8.7 in favour of the female sex. Anterior cervical swelling was the most common reason for consultation with 90.0% (230/253). There were 118/253 cases of euthyroid goiter (46.6%), 132/253 cases of hyperthyroid goiter (52.2%) and 3/253 cases of Basedow’s disease (1.2%). Histology revealed (178/253) cases of micro and macro follicular colloid adenoma (70.3%), (27/253) cases of micro and macro follicular vesicular adenoma (10.7%) and (48/253) cases of micro and macro vesicular hyperplasia. The most performed surgical techniques were subtotal thyroidectomy with a rate of 138/253 (54.5%) isthmo-lobectomy with a rate of 102/253 (40.3%), lobectomy with a rate of 11/253 (4.3%) and isthmectomy 1/253 (0.4%). One-month follow-up was marked by 4 cases of surgical site infection (1.6%), 2 cases of transient hypocalcemia (0.8%). One-year follow-up was simple in 98.4% of cases, we noted 4 cases of keloid. The average length of hospitalization was 3.31 ± 0.1 days. Conclusion: Goiter surgery is relatively common in the general surgery department of CHU Gabriel Touré. Good preparation and better post-operative monitoring could help minimize post-operative complications.